scholarly journals The Manhattan and Lorentz Mirror Models: A Result on the Cylinder with Low Density of Mirrors

2021 ◽  
Vol 185 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chains ◽  
Transfer Matrix ◽  
Algebraic Structure ◽  
Infinite Cylinder ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Low Density

AbstractWe study the Manhattan and Lorentz mirror models on an infinite cylinder of finite even width n, with the mirror probability p satisfying $$p<Cn^{-1}$$ p < C n - 1 , C a constant. We show that the maximum height along the cylinder reached by a walker is order $$p^{-2}$$ p - 2 . We observe an algebraic structure, which helps organise our argument. The models on the cylinder can be thought of as Markov chains on the Brauer (in the Mirror case) or Walled Brauer (in the Manhattan case) algebra, with the transfer matrix given by multiplication by an element of the algebra.

scholarly journals ADVANCED DYNAMIC ALGORITHMS FOR THE DECAY OF METASTABLE PHASES IN DISCRETE SPIN MODELS: BRIDGING DISPARATE TIME SCALES

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (08) ◽  
pp. 1483-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. NOVOTNY
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Markov Chains ◽  
Transfer Matrix ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
System Size ◽  
Metastable Phases ◽  
Spin Models ◽  
Dynamic Algorithms ◽  
Absorbing Markov Chains

An overview of advanced dynamical algorithms capable of spanning the widely disparate time scales that govern the decay of metastable phases in discrete spin models is presented. The algorithms discussed include constrained transfer-matrix, Monte Carlo with Absorbing Markov Chains (MCAMC), and projective dynamics (PD) methods. The strengths and weaknesses of each of these algorithms are discussed, with particular emphasis on identifying the parameter regimes (system size, temperature, and field) in which each algorithm works best.

scholarly journals Planting Density Induced Changes in Cotton Biomass Yield, Fiber Quality, and Phosphorus Distribution under Beta Growth Model

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Khan ◽  
Xiangjun Kong ◽  
Ullah Najeeb ◽  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Daniel Kean Yuen Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Moderate Density

High input costs combined with multiple management and material inputs have threatened cotton productivity. We hypothesize that this problem can be addressed by a single fertilization at flowering with late sowing in a moderately populated plant stand. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the cotton biomass accumulation, phosphorus dynamics, and fiber quality under three planting densities (low, 3 × 104; moderate, 6 × 104; and dense, 9 × 104 ha−1) and two cultivars (Zhongmian-16 and J-4B). High planting density had 6.2 and 12.6% larger stems and fruiting nodes m−2, while low density produced a 37.5 and 59.4% maximum height node ratio. Moderate density produced 26.4–15.5%, 24.7–12.6%, and 10.5–13.6% higher biomass accumulation rate at the peak bloom, boll set, and plant removal stages over low and high density in both years, respectively. J-4B produced a higher reproductive organs biomass yield when compared with Zhongmian-16 in both years. This higher biomass formation was due to both the higher average (0.8 VT kg·ha−1·d−1) and maximum (1.0 VM kg·ha−1·d−1) reproductive organ phosphorus uptake, respectively. Plants with low density had 5.3–18.5%, 9.5–15%, and 7.8–12.8% greater length, strength, and micronaire values over moderate and dense plants, respectively. Conclusively, moderate density with J-4B is a promising option for improved biomass, phosphorus acquisition, and fiber quality under a short season.

scholarly journals Permodelan Simulasi Parametric untuk Menentukan Panduan Rancang Kota

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Michael Isnaeni Djimantoro
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Maximum Density ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Vertical Development ◽  
The City ◽  
Daily Trip

The development of the city is along with population growth in the city, from low density into a higher density. Along with the development of the population of the city that is denser, it is necessary to change the pattern of development, where the trend today is leading to the vertical development although increasing the density of the area is not an easy thing. This is because an increase in the density of the area must be balanced with an increase in facilities and adequate infrastructure. If it is not fulfilled then it will have a negative impact on the city or region. One of the necessary infrastructure for the development is transportation infrastructure since the development of a city will increase density therefore in turn it will generate the daily trip, both from the region and towards the region. In the field of urban design, the formula for the density limitation is set in the urban design guidelines that functions as the foundation for an architect to design the building. Urban design guidelines is mainly formulated in the numbers BCR, FAR, and the maximum height of buildings that will form the frame of the building mass. Therefore, this paper intends to explain the optimum modeling between the density of a region with the treshold of existing road infrastructure. With the modeling of the optimum, then the negative impacts can be reduced and the modeling results will get the maximum density that can be accommodated in an area.

Random walks on finite semigroups

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 824-832
Author(s):  
George R. Barnes ◽  
Patricia B. Cerrito ◽  
Inessa Levi
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chains ◽  
Random Walks ◽  
Algebraic Structure ◽  
Asymptotic Properties ◽  
Transition Matrices ◽  
Finite Semigroups ◽  
Block Diagonal

The purpose of this paper is to study the asymptotic properties of Markov chains on semigroups. In particular, the structure of transition matrices representing random walks on finite semigroups is examined. It is shown that the transition matrices associated with certain semigroups are block diagonal with identical blocks. The form of the blocks is determined via the algebraic structure of the semigroup.

Random walks on finite semigroups

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Barnes ◽  
Patricia B. Cerrito ◽  
Inessa Levi
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chains ◽  
Random Walks ◽  
Algebraic Structure ◽  
Asymptotic Properties ◽  
Transition Matrices ◽  
Finite Semigroups ◽  
Block Diagonal

The purpose of this paper is to study the asymptotic properties of Markov chains on semigroups. In particular, the structure of transition matrices representing random walks on finite semigroups is examined. It is shown that the transition matrices associated with certain semigroups are block diagonal with identical blocks. The form of the blocks is determined via the algebraic structure of the semigroup.

THE STATIC POTENTIAL ATTAINED BY AN INFINITE CYLINDER IMMERSED IN A MOVING AND LOW DENSITY PLASMA OF INFINITE EXTENT

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Dipak L. Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Drift Velocity ◽  
Collisionless Plasma ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Infinite Cylinder ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Static Potential ◽  
Electrical Neutrality ◽  
Specific Direction ◽  
Electrons And Ions ◽  
Infinite Extent

The static potential acquired by an infinite cylinder immersed in a low density collisionless plasma is discussed in detail. It is assumed that the plasma is uniform at large distances from the cylinder and of infinite extent and has a constant drift velocity in one specific direction. Approximate expressions for the distribution functions of the electrons and ions in the presence of the conducting cylinder are derived from the collisionless Boltzmann equation. Expression for the static potential of the cylinder is derived from the condition that the electrical neutrality of the plasma is maintained at large distances from the cylinder. Simplified expressions for the static potential are given for various physical situations. The case of stationary plasma is obtained as a special case of the former when the drift velocity equals zero. Numerical values are given for some cases.

Application of Improved Voltage Compensation in the SEM to Imaging of Organic Materials

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
P.J. Killingworth ◽  
M. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Incident Electron Beam ◽  
Specimen Material ◽  
Voltage Compensation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ultimate resolution in the scanning electron microscope is determined not only by the diameter of the incident electron beam, but by interaction of that beam with the specimen material. Generally, while minimum beam diameter diminishes with increasing voltage, due to the reduced effect of aberration component and magnetic interference, the excited volume within the sample increases with electron energy. Thus, for any given material and imaging signal, there is an optimum volt age to achieve best resolution.In the case of organic materials, which are in general of low density and electric ally non-conducting; and may in addition be susceptible to radiation and heat damage, the selection of correct operating parameters is extremely critical and is achiev ed by interative adjustment.

Quantitative defect studies in semiconductor TEM samples prepared by low angle ion milling

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
L. Mulestagno ◽  
J.C. Holzer ◽  
P. Fraundorf
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Variable Angle ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Induced Defects

Due to the wealth of information, both analytical and structural that can be obtained from it TEM always has been a favorite tool for the analysis of process-induced defects in semiconductor wafers. The only major disadvantage has always been, that the volume under study in the TEM is relatively small, making it difficult to locate low density defects, and sample preparation is a somewhat lengthy procedure. This problem has been somewhat alleviated by the availability of efficient low angle milling.Using a PIPS® variable angle ion -mill, manufactured by Gatan, we have been consistently obtaining planar specimens with a high quality thin area in excess of 5 × 104 μm2 in about half an hour (milling time), which has made it possible to locate defects at lower densities, or, for defects of relatively high density, obtain information which is statistically more significant (table 1).

Intralysosomal Accumulation of Colloidal Gold-Low Density Lipoprotein Conjugates in Chloroquine-Treated Fibroblasts

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 546-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean A. Handley ◽  
Cynthia M. Arbeeny ◽  
Larry D. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Coated Vesicle ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cholesterol Esters ◽  
Cultured Fibroblasts ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Ldl Particles

Low density lipoproteins (LDL) are the major cholesterol carrying particles in the blood. Using cultured cells, it has been shown that LDL particles interact with specific surface receptors and are internalized via a coated pit-coated vesicle pathway for lysosomal catabolism. This (Pathway has been visualized using LDL labeled to ferritin or colloidal gold. It is now recognized that certain lysomotropic agents, such as chloroquine, inhibit lysosomal enzymes that degrade protein and cholesterol esters. By interrupting cholesterol ester hydrolysis, chloroquine treatment results in lysosomal accumulation of cholesterol esters from internalized LDL. Using LDL conjugated to colloidal gold, we have examined the ultrastructural effects of chloroquine on lipoprotein uptake by normal cultured fibroblasts.

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