Co-control of carbon dioxide and air pollutant emissions in China from a cost-effective perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1177-1197
Author(s):  
Lining Wang ◽  
Han Chen ◽  
Wenying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions

scholarly journals Carbon and air pollutant emissions from China's cement industry 1990–2015: trends, evolution of technologies and drivers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Dan Tong ◽  
Yixuan Zheng ◽  
Jing Cheng ◽  
Xinying Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Control Technologies

Abstract. China is the largest cement producer and consumer in the world. Cement manufacturing is highly energy-intensive, and is one of the major contributors to carbon dioxide (CO2) and air pollutant emissions, which threatens climate mitigation and air quality improvement. In this study, we investigated the decadal changes of carbon dioxide and air pollutant emissions for the period of 1990–2015, based on intensive unit-based information on activity rates, production capacity, operation status, and control technologies, which improved the accuracy of the cement emissions in China. We found that, from 1990 to 2015, accompanied by a 10.9-fold increase in cement production, CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions from China's cement industry increased by 626 %, 59 %, and 658 %, whereas CO, PM2.5 and PM10 emissions decreased by 9 %, 66 %, and 63 %, respectively. In the 1990s, driven by the rapid growth of cement production, CO2 and air pollutant emissions increased constantly. Then, the production technology innovation of replacing traditional shaft kilns with the new precalciner kilns in the 2000s markedly reduced SO2, CO and PM emissions from the cement industry. Since 2010, the growing trend of emissions has been further curbed by a combination of measures, including promoting large-scale precalciner production lines and phasing out small ones, upgrading emission standards, installing low-NOx burners (LNB) and selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) to reduce NOx emissions, as well as adopting more advanced particulate matter control technologies. Our study highlighted the effectiveness of advanced technologies on air pollutant emission control, however, CO2 emissions from China's cement industry kept growing throughout the period, posing challenges to future carbon emission mitigation in China.

scholarly journals The Affordable Clean Energy rule and the impact of emissions rebound on carbon dioxide and criteria air pollutant emissions

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 044018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia T Keyes ◽  
Kathleen F Lambert ◽  
Dallas Burtraw ◽  
Jonathan J Buonocore ◽  
Jonathan I Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Climate and Air Quality Co-Benefits of Local Air Pollution Control: The Case of China’s Power Sector

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2045-2050
Author(s):  
Min Hua Ye ◽  
Can Wang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Mitigation Potential ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Local Air Pollution

Power sector is the major emitter in China of local air pollutants including SO2 and NOX, and CO2 and Hg with global environmental impacts. This study applied a bottom-up optimization model considering multi regional power grids in China to simulate how the local air pollution (LAP) control would shape the power generation mix before 2020 and estimate the mitigation potential of CO2 and Hg emission provided by LAP control. Results show that with LAP control targets, in 2020, 100% of coal-fired units need to be equipped with FGD or adopt in-furnace desulphurization for CFB; approximately 85% of coal-fired units should be equipped with SCR while the others retrofitted to be low NOX boilers. Compared to the scenario without environmental constraints, Hg emission decreases 46% while CO2 emission increases 0.64% in 2020 with LAP control targets. Control polices of local and global air pollutant emissions should be combined early in developing countries to obtain a cost-effective way for sustainable development.

scholarly journals Correlational investigation of air pollutant emissions and fuel consumption of motor vehicle in various dynamic conditions

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Velocity

<p>Air pollutant emissions and fuel consumption of vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines are highly susceptible to the conditions of engine operation. The purpose of this research was to investigate the correlation between the emissions of individual pollutants (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide), the fuel consumption and various dynamic conditions of the operation of an engine. The empirical data was obtained by testing of passenger car with a spark-ignition engine on a chassis dynamometer in 12 various driving tests, both type-approval and special. The results indicate, that the strongest correlation exists between the emissions of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons and between the fuel consumption and the emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide. The weakest correlation was found to be between the emissions of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. The average value of vehicle velocity proved to be suitable zero-dimensional characteristic of the dynamic driving conditions. The correlation between the emission of hydrocarbons and the average vehicle velocity can be assessed as the strongest, while between the emission of nitrogen oxides and the average vehicle velocity – the weakest.</p>

scholarly journals Carbon Neutrality Pathways Effects on Air Pollutant Emissions: The Portuguese Case

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Joana Monjardino ◽  
Luís Dias ◽  
Patrícia Fortes ◽  
Hugo Tente ◽  
Francisco Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
End Use

Air pollution and climate change are closely interlinked, once both share common emission sources, which mainly arise from fuel combustion and industrial processes. Climate mitigation actions bring co-benefits on air quality and human health. However, specific solutions can provide negative trade-offs for one side. The Portuguese Carbon Neutrality Roadmap was developed to assess conceivable cost-effective pathways to achieve zero net carbon emissions by 2050. Assessing its impacts, on air pollutant emissions, is the main focus of the present work. The bottom-up linear optimization energy system the integrated MARKAL-EFOM system (TIMES) model was selected as a modeling tool for the decarbonization scenarios assessment. The estimation of air pollutant emissions was performed exogenously to the TIMES model. Results show that reaching net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is possible, and technologically feasible, in Portugal, by 2050. The crucial and most cost-effective vector for decarbonizing the national economy is the end-use energy consumption electrification, renewable based, across all end-use sectors. Decarbonization efforts were found to have strong co-benefits for reducing air pollutant emissions in Portugal. Transport and power generation are the sectors with the greatest potential to reduce GHG emissions, providing likewise the most significant reductions of air pollutant emissions. Despite the overall positive effects, there are antagonistic effects, such as the use of biomass, mainly in industry and residential sectors, which translates into increases in particulate matter emissions. This is relevant for medium term projections, since results show that, by 2030, PM2.5 emissions are unlikely to meet the emission reduction commitments set at the European level, if no additional control measures are considered.

A pilot study of a biotrickling filter for the treatment of odorous sewage air

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wu ◽  
Y.-Y. Loo ◽  
L.C.C. Koe
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Biotrickling Filter ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Secondary Pollutants ◽  
Set Up

The nuisance impact of air pollutant emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a major issue of concern to Singapore and to many developing cities worldwide. Existing chemical and physical treatment methods are efficient but costly, and may generate secondary pollutants. Biotreatment, on the other hand, is a proven control technology for effectively removing hydrogen sulphide (H2S), the principal odour component of sewage air. The biotechnology is cost-effective to remove low-concentrations of biodegradable compounds from a large flow of waste gases. A pilot-scale biotrickling filter, packed with pall rings, was set up at a WWTP in Singapore to investigate its effectiveness for treatment of odorous sewage air. A series of experiments were conducted to assess the performance of the biotrickling filter under various operating scenarios. Results indicated that even at 5 second gas retention time, the biotrickling filter could remove 95% of the inlet H2S. The behaviour of the biotrickling filter under various operating scenarios are presented and discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Emission scenarios of a potential shale gas industry in Germany and the United Kingdom

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cremonese ◽  
Lindsey B. Weger ◽  
Hugo Denier Van Der Gon ◽  
Marianne Bartels ◽  
Tim Butler
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Emission Scenarios ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
The United Kingdom

The shale gas debate has taken center stage over the past decade in many European countries due to its purported climate advantages over coal and the implications for domestic energy security. Nevertheless, shale gas production generates greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions including carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and volatile organic compounds. In this study we develop three shale gas drilling projections in Germany and the United Kingdom based on estimated reservoir productivities and local capacity. For each projection, we define a set of emission scenarios in which gas losses are assigned to each stage of upstream gas production to quantify total emissions. The “realistic” (REm) and “optimistic” (OEm) scenarios investigated in this study describe, respectively, the potential emission range generated by business-as-usual activities, and the lowest emissions technically possible according to our settings. The latter scenario is based on the application of specific technologies and full compliance with a stringent regulatory framework described herein. Based on the median drilling projection, total annual methane emissions range between 150–294 Kt in REm and 28–42 Kt in OEm, while carbon dioxide emissions span from 5.55–7.21 Mt in REm to 3.11–3.96 Mt in OEm. Taking all drilling projections into consideration, methane leakage rates in REm range between 0.45 and 1.36% in Germany, and between 0.35 and 0.71% in the United Kingdom. The leakage rates are discussed in both the European (conventional gas) and international (shale gas) contexts. Further, the emission intensity of a potential European shale gas industry is estimated and compared to national inventories. Results from our science-based prospective scenarios can facilitate an informed discussion among the public and policy makers on the climate impact of a potential shale gas development in Europe, and on the appropriate role of natural gas in the worldwide energy transition.

scholarly journals Carbon and air pollutant emissions from China's cement industry 1990–2015: trends, evolution of technologies, and drivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1627-1647
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Dan Tong ◽  
Yixuan Zheng ◽  
Jing Cheng ◽  
Xinying Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Control Technologies

Abstract. China is the largest cement producer and consumer in the world. Cement manufacturing is highly energy-intensive and is one of the major contributors to carbon dioxide (CO2) and air pollutant emissions, which threatens climate mitigation and air quality improvement. In this study, we investigated the decadal changes in carbon dioxide and air pollutant emissions for the period of 1990–2015 based on intensive unit-based information on activity rates, production capacity, operation status, and control technologies which improved the accuracy of the cement emissions in China. We found that, from 1990 to 2015, accompanied by a 10.3-fold increase in cement production, CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions from China's cement industry increased by 627 %, 56 %, and 659 %, whereas CO, PM2.5, and PM10 emissions decreased by 9 %, 63 %, and 59 %, respectively. In the 1990s, driven by the rapid growth of cement production, CO2 and air pollutant emissions increased constantly. Then, the technological innovation in production of replacing traditional shaft kilns with the new precalciner kilns equipped with high-efficiency control facilities in the 2000s markedly reduced SO2, CO, and PM emissions in the cement industry. In 2010, nationwide, 39 % and 31 % of the nationwide PM2.5 and NOx emission were produced by 3 % and 15 % of the total capacity of the production lines, indicating the disproportionately high emissions from a small number of the super-polluting units. Since 2010, the growing trend of emissions has been further curbed by a combination of measures, including promoting large-scale precalciner production lines and phasing out small ones, upgrading emission standards, installing low NOx burners (LNB), and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) to reduce NOx emissions, as well as adopting more advanced particulate matter control technologies. Our study highlights the effectiveness of advanced technologies on air pollutant emission control; however, CO2 emissions from China's cement industry kept growing throughout the period, posing challenges to future carbon emission mitigation in China.

MITIGATION OF HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS: VACUUM vs. CONVENTIONAL SEWER SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Lazar ◽  
Iulia Carmen Ciobotici Terryn ◽  
Andreea Cocarcea
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutant
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