Pharmacological Targets and Mechanisms of Action of Antipsychotic Substances in the Context of the Neurochemical Theory of the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. Kalitin ◽  
A. A. Spasov ◽  
O. Y. Mukha ◽  
G. V. Pridvorov ◽  
V. A. Lipatov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Pharmacological Targets

scholarly journals Pharmacological targets for dislipidemies correction. Opportunities and prospects of therapeutic usage

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-83
Author(s):  
V.A. Kudinov ◽  
T.S. Zakharova ◽  
T.I. Torkhovskaya ◽  
O.M. Ipatova ◽  
A.I. Archakov
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
The Future

Literature data on influence of existing and new groups of drug preparations for dyslipidemias correction are systemized, and molecular mechanisms of their effects are reviewed. The results of experimental and clinical investigations aimed at revealing of new pharmacological targets of dyslipidemias correction were analyzed. The approaches for activation of high density lipoproteins functionality are described. The implementation of alternative preparations with new alternative mechanisms of action may be suggested to improve the effectiveness of traditional treatment in the future.

4-Oxoquinoline Derivatives as Antivirals: A Ten Years Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro N. Batalha ◽  
Luana da S.M. Forezi ◽  
Nathalia M. de C. Tolentino ◽  
Fernanda S. Sagrillo ◽  
Vanessa G. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Pharmacological Targets

4-Oxoquinoline derivatives constitute an important family of biologically important substances, associated with different bioactivities, which can be synthesized by different synthetic methods, allowing the design and preparation of libraries of substances with specific structural variations capable of modulating their pharmacological action. Over the last years, these substances have been extensively explored by the scientific community in efforts to develop new biologically active agents, with greater efficiency for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Viral infections have been one of the targets of these studies, although to a lesser extent than other diseases such as cancer and bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the literature provides examples that corroborate with the fact that these substances may act on different pharmacological targets in different viral pathogens. This review provides a compilation of some of the major studies published in recent years showing the discovery and/or development of new antiviral oxoquinoline agents, highlighting, whenever possible, their mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals New drugs in psychiatry: focus on new pharmacological targets

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Caraci ◽  
Gian Marco Leggio ◽  
Salvatore Salomone ◽  
Filippo Drago
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Dopamine D3

The approval of psychotropic drugs with novel mechanisms of action has been rare in recent years. To address this issue, further analysis of the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders is essential for identifying new pharmacological targets for psychotropic medications. In this report, we detail drug candidates being examined as treatments for psychiatric disorders. Particular emphasis is placed on agents with novel mechanisms of action that are being tested as therapies for depression, schizophrenia, or Alzheimer’s disease. All of the compounds considered were recently approved for human use or are in advanced clinical trials. Drugs included here are new antipsychotic medications endowed with a preferential affinity at dopamine D3 receptor (cariprazine) or at glutamatergic or cannabinoid receptors, as well as vortioxetine, a drug approved for managing the cognitive deficits associated with major depression. New mechanistic approaches for the treatment of depression include intravenous ketamine or esketamine or intranasal esketamine. As for Alzheimer’s disease, the possible value of passive immunotherapy with agents such as aducanumab is considered to be a potential disease-modifying approach that could slow or halt the progressive decline associated with this devastating disorder.

scholarly journals Depression as a Neuroendocrine Disorder: Emerging Neuropsychopharmacological Approaches beyond Monoamines

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervin Chávez-Castillo ◽  
Victoria Núñez ◽  
Manuel Nava ◽  
Ángel Ortega ◽  
Milagros Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Everyday Clinical Practice ◽  
Gabaergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
Remission Rates ◽  
Crucial Problem ◽  
The Brain

Depression is currently recognized as a crucial problem in everyday clinical practice, in light of ever-increasing rates of prevalence, as well as disability, morbidity, and mortality related to this disorder. Currently available antidepressant drugs are notoriously problematic, with suboptimal remission rates and troubling side-effect profiles. Their mechanisms of action focus on the monoamine hypothesis for depression, which centers on the disruption of serotonergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic neurotransmission in the brain. Nevertheless, views on the pathophysiology of depression have evolved notably, and the comprehension of depression as a complex neuroendocrine disorder with important systemic implications has sparked interest in a myriad of novel neuropsychopharmacological approaches. Innovative pharmacological targets beyond monoamines include glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, various endocrine axes, as well as several neurosteroids, neuropeptides, opioids, endocannabinoids and endovanilloids. This review summarizes current knowledge on these pharmacological targets and their potential utility in the clinical management of depression.

Case Formulation and Design of Behavioral Treatment Programs

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen N. Haynes ◽  
Andrew E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Case Formulation ◽  
Functional Relations ◽  
Causal Variables

Summary: We review the rationale for behavioral clinical case formulations and emphasize the role of the functional analysis in the design of individualized treatments. Standardized treatments may not be optimally effective for clients who have multiple behavior problems. These problems can affect each other in complex ways and each behavior problem can be influenced by multiple, interacting causal variables. The mechanisms of action of standardized treatments may not always address the most important causal variables for a client's behavior problems. The functional analysis integrates judgments about the client's behavior problems, important causal variables, and functional relations among variables. The functional analysis aids treatment decisions by helping the clinician estimate the relative magnitude of effect of each causal variable on the client's behavior problems, so that the most effective treatments can be selected. The parameters of, and issues associated with, a functional analysis and Functional Analytic Clinical Case Models (FACCM) are illustrated with a clinical case. The task of selecting the best treatment for a client is complicated because treatments differ in their level of specificity and have unequally weighted mechanisms of action. Further, a treatment's mechanism of action is often unknown.

Enkephalin influences on behavioral and neural plasticity: Mechanisms of action.

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe L. Martinez ◽  
Patricia H. Janak ◽  
Susan B. Weinberger ◽  
Gery Schulteis
Keyword(s):  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action

The diabetic wound healing effect of a two-herb formula and its mechanisms of action

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
CBS Lau ◽  
VKM Lau ◽  
CL Liu ◽  
PKK Lai ◽  
JCW Tam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Diabetic Wound ◽  
Healing Effect ◽  
Diabetic Wound Healing ◽  
Wound Healing Effect

Mitochondria as pharmacological targets for anxiolytic treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Nussbaumer ◽  
J Asara ◽  
L Teplytska ◽  
M Murphy ◽  
R Landgraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Targets

Mechanisms of action of antihyperglycemic mexicanolides isolated from Swietenia humillis: in vivo and in silico approaches

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ovalle-Magallanes ◽  
A Madariaga-Mazón ◽  
A Navarrete ◽  
R Mata
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action

Inhibition of the Activities of α2-Plasmin inhibitor (PI) and CI inhibitor (CI-Inh) by the Synthetic Fibrinolytic Agent, 3-Hydroxypropyl Flufenamide (Flu-HPA)

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Miles ◽  
J Burnier ◽  
M Verlander ◽  
M Goodman ◽  
A Kleiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Flufenamic Acid ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Factor Xiia ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Plasmin Inhibitor

Flu-HPA is one of a series of flufenamic acid derivations that enhances plasminogen-dependent clot lysis in vitro. Studies of possible mechanisms of action of Flu-HPA were undertaken. The influence of Flu-HPA on the inhibition of purified plasmin by purified PI was studied. PI activity was assessed by its inhibition of the clevage of the tripeptide S-2251 (H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA) by plasmin. Flu-HPA was dissolved in DMF or in methonol and preincubated with PI before addition of plasmin. At Flu-HPA concentrations greater than 1mM and up to 60mM, the inhibitory activity of PI was totally lost. The inhibitory effect of normal human plasma on plasmin was also completely abolished at concentrations of Flu-HPA between 2.5 and 40mM. The effect of Flu-HPA on the inhibition of purified plasma kallikrein by purified CI-Inh was also studied. CI-Inh activity was measured by its inhibition of cleavage of the tripeptide Bz-Pro-Phe-Arg-pNA by kallikrein. When Flu-HPA, dissolved in DMF or in methonol, was preincubated with CI-Inh, a concentration dependent inhibition of CI-Inh activity was observed. CI-Inh activity was abolished by concentrations of Flu-HPA greater than 1mM. Flu-HPA also inhibited the activity of CI-Inh on purified Factor XIIa. These observations suggest that this flufenamic acid derivative may enhance fibrinolysis not only by inhibiting PI activity but also by decreasing the inactivation of plasminogen activators by CI-Inh.

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