Influence of drought stress on the photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation of hybrid millet

Primed acclimation (PA) is a regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategy designed to improve or maintain yield under subsequent drought stress. A previous study showed photosynthetic increases in papaya in response to a PA treatment. The present study was undertaken to test the duration of the PA effect when papaya plants were challenged with severe drought stress. Potted plants were stressed at 1, 2, and 3 months after conclusion of a PA treatment consisting of 3 weeks at soil water tension (SWT) of −20 kPa. Measurements included leaf gas exchange, root growth, and organ dry mass partitioning. PA did not reduce net CO2 assimilation (A) during the deficit period. At the end of the PA period, total dry matter accumulation per plant and for each organ was unaffected, but proportional dry matter partitioning to roots was favored. After resuming full irrigation, A increased and whole plant water use was more than doubled in PA-treated plants. However, water use and A of PA-treated plants decreased to reconverge with those of control plants by 6 weeks after the PA treatment. Over the course of the study, PA plants maintained lower stem height to stem diameter ratios, and shorter internode lengths. However, these changes did not improve photosynthetic response to any of the water-deficit treatments. We conclude that papaya exhibits some signs of stress memory, but that rapid short-term acclimation responses dominate papaya responses to soil water deficit.

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Inoculation of Wheat Plants with Pseudomonas spp. and Azospirillum brasilense under Drought Stress

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2020/v42i230461 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Samuel Luiz Fioreze ◽

Magaiver Gindri Pinheiro ◽

Yriá Dias Pereira ◽

Sonia Purin da Cruz

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Stress Inoculation ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Pseudomonas Spp

Aims: To investigate the effect of inoculation and co-inoculation of Pseudomonas spp. and Azospirillum brasilense on the morphophysiological characters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress conditions. Study Design: A randomized complete block design was used in a split plot scheme with four replicates. The plots consisted of irrigated and drought conditions. The subplots consisted of control (without inoculation), inoculation of Pseudomonas spp., inoculation of A. brasilense and co-inoculation of Pseudomonas spp. + A. brasilense. Liquid inoculant was used for two bacteria. Place and Duration of Study: Agricultural Experimental Area of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus of Curitibanos, SC, Brazil, between July and October 2018. Methodology: Inoculation was performed at the time of sowing. Water deficit was characterized by irrigation suppression after plant emergence, considering a 25-day period without significant rainfall. At the end of the water restriction period, SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) index and morphologic parameters of wheat plants was determined. Results: Drought stress decreased dry matter accumulation of wheat plants, in terms of number of tillers, above ground dry matter and root-shoot ratio. Inoculation or co-inoculation with Pseudomonas spp. and A. brasilense did not affect plant growth. Under drought stress, SPAD index was higher in plants co-inoculated with Pseudomonas spp. and A. brasilense. Conclusion: Although maintains SPAD index of wheat plants under drought stress, inoculation and co-inoculation with Pseudomonas spp. and A. brasilense do not influence the morphological characters of wheat plants.

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Subsoiling Impact on Soil Physical Structure, Root Activity, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Water Use Efficiency in Maize

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology ◽

10.17957/ijab/15.1726 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (04) ◽

pp. 751-760

Author(s):

Weiping Yan

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Soil Structure ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽

Root Activity ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Arid Areas ◽

Semi Arid

In order to promote the comprehensive production capacity and yield of farmland soil, the effects of subsoil tillage on soil structure, root activity, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, yield and water use through long-term positioning research in semi-arid areas were studied. This study was started in 2011 and investigated in the 2015–2016 research cycle. The experiment was conducted with five treatments including 30 cm subsoiling (SS-30) and 40 cm subsoiling (SS-40) before spring sowing, 30 cm (AS-30) and 40 cm (SS-40) between rows after autumn harvest and no subsoiling (CK). The effects of subsoiling on soil properties, crop growth, yield and water use of maize in semi-arid areas were investigated. The results showed that subsoiling significantly reduced the penetration resistance and bulk density of soil, and significantly increased the soil moisture content from subsoiling to the surface. Subsoiling increased GSand Ci, Tr, Pnand WUE in maize plants, and significantly increased root activity. Subsoiling significantly increased dry weight of aboveground part and root, significantly decreased root shoot ratio, and significantly increased WUE per plant. Subsoiling significantly increased 100 grain weight, yield and WUE of population. Subsoiling can effectively improve the soil structure, enhance the water storage capacity of the soil in arid areas, delay water loss, improve root activity, net photosynthetic rate, dry matter accumulation and WUE, and promote crop growth and yield of maize. Subsoiling in autumn has the best effect on soil improvement. Increasing the subsoiling depth properly can improve their effects, which will gradually less with the passage of time.© 2021 Friends Science Publishers

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Effect of Microsprinkler Irrigation under Plastic Film on Photosynthesis and Fruit Yield of Greenhouse Tomato

Journal of Sensors ◽

10.1155/2020/8849419 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Mingzhi Zhang ◽

Zhenguang Lu ◽

Qingjun Bai ◽

Yushun Zhang ◽

Xinqiang Qiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Plastic Film ◽

Greenhouse Tomato ◽

Use Efficiency

The aim of this study is to exam the effect of microsprinkler irrigation technology under plastic film (MSPF) and to evaluate the reasonable micropore group spacing and capillary arrangement density in the greenhouse. Compared with drip irrigation under plastic film (DIPF) and microsprinkling irrigation (MSI) conditions, the effects of different micropore group spacing (L1: 30 cm micropore group spacing, L2: 50 cm micropore group spacing) and capillary arrangement density (C1: one pipe for one row, C2: one pipe for two rows, and C3: one pipe for three rows) with the MSPF on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit yield of tomatoes were studied using completely randomized trial design. The results showed that under the same irrigation amount, compared with DIPF and MSI, the photosynthetic rate of tomatoes treated with L1C2 increased by 8.24% and 13.55%, respectively. The total dry matter accumulation, yield, and water use efficiency at condition of L1C2 increased by 12.16%, 19.39%, and 10.03% compared with DIPF and 26.38%, 20.46%, and 31.02% compared with MSI, respectively. The results provide evidence that the MSPF can be applied to greenhouse tomatoes. The photosynthetic rate, total dry matter accumulation, yield, and water use efficiency of tomato leaves cultivated at a micropore group spacing of 30 cm were 1.07, 1.13, 1.14, and 1.13 times higher than those of 50 cm, respectively. With the decrease in capillary arrangement density, the photosynthetic characteristics of the tomato leaves, the total dry matter accumulation, and yield of tomatoes all experienced a decline. It is recommended to use a combination of one pipe for two rows of capillaries at a 30 cm micropore group spacing as the technical parameter of greenhouse tomato with MSPF in arid and semiarid sandy loam soils.

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Interaction Between Flooding or Drought Stress and Potato Leafhopper Injury in Alfalfa

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-2002-0502-01-rs ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. L. Barta ◽

R. M. Sulc ◽

M. J. Ogle ◽

R. B. Hammond

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Physiological Response ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Potato Leafhopper ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Feeding Damage ◽

Sharp Decline ◽

Medicago Sativa L

Potato leafhopper is a predominant biotic stress in alfalfa production, whereas drought and flooding are frequent abiotic stresses. Controlled environment studies were conducted to examine the interaction between flooding or drought stress and potato leafhopper (PLH, Empoasca fabae [Harris]) feeding damage on seedlings of two cultivars of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L): one susceptible to PLH, one resistant to PLH. Flooding treatments reduced shoot dry matter accumulation approximately 50% in the absence of PLH in both cultivars and significantly reduced root dry matter in one cultivar. Drought stress significantly reduced shoot dry matter and increased root dry matter. PLH feeding combined with either flooding or drought stress reduced root dry matter accumulation but not shoot dry matter. Flooding injury and PLH feeding injury showed an additive negative response for root dry matter accumulation. Flooded and non-stressed plants accumulated less root total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) when subjected to PLH feeding. Responses of the two cultivars were similar across all biotic and abiotic treatments. The results clearly show that the most damaging physiological response of seedling alfalfa to PLH feeding is a sharp decline in root growth and TNC accumulation. This suggests that seedlings that have experienced even minor root waterlogging damage may be especially susceptible to damage by PLH feeding. Accepted for publication 23 April 2002. Published 2 May 2002.

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Effect of timing of drought stress on growth and grain yield of extra-short-duration pigeonpea lines

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859601008607 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 136 (2) ◽

pp. 179-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

N. H. NAM ◽

Y. S. CHAUHAN ◽

C. JOHANSEN

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Short Duration ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Moisture Stress ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Targeted Screening ◽

The Individual

Four extra-short-duration (ESD) lines in 1991 and eight ESD lines in 1992 were grown with adequate soil moisture throughout their growth or subjected to drought coinciding with the vegetative, flowering and pod-filling stages under rainout shelters. In both years, drought stress treatments significantly reduced dry matter accumulation and grain yield. The extent of reduction in grain yield varied with the line and stage of stress imposition. Drought stress at the flowering stage caused greater reduction in total dry matter and grain yield than the stress imposed during the pre-flowering and pod-filling stages. Drought stress coinciding with the flowering stage reduced grain yield by 40–55% in 1991 and 15–40% in 1992 in different lines. ESD genotypes could extract moisture from up to a metre depth during pre-flowering and flowering stage stress but less so during the pod-filling stage stress. Genotype ICPL 88039, followed by ICPL 89021, showed consistently lowest sensitivity to drought stress at flowering. Protracted drought stress commencing from the pre-flowering to flowering or from the flowering to pod-filling stages was more harmful than stress at the individual stages. The reduction in yield under drought stress could be attributed mainly to less total dry matter accumulation, but also increased abscission of plant parts. The results suggest variation in sensitivity of ESD lines in relation to timing of stress, which should facilitate targeted screening for different intermittent moisture stress environments.

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Effects of foliar application of magnesium sulfate on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and its translocation, and carbohydrate metabolism in grain during wheat grain filling

Cereal Research Communications ◽

10.1007/s42976-020-00026-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 157-163

Author(s):

Qingsong Ba ◽

Lanlan Zhang ◽

Sixiao Chen ◽

Guiping Li ◽

Weilun Wang

Keyword(s):

Magnesium Sulfate ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Wheat Grain

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Growth and dry matter partitioning in sugar beet plants (Beta vulgaris L.) under moderate drought

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4031-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 265-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

D. Choluj ◽

R. Karwowska ◽

M. Jasińska ◽

G. Haber

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Water Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Sucrose Concentration ◽

Sugar Beet Plant ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Final Yield

Growth response of sugar beet plants to drought stress applied at different growth stages has been investigated. Cessation of watering imposed moderate water stress and resulted in the reduction of the relative water content of young and old leaves maximally by 6%. However, water content in taproot was more drastically decreased than in the shoot. Water withholding reduced dry matter accumulation and leaf assimilatory expansion when imposed at successive growth stages, especially in the case of earlier stress application. Substantial change in distribution pattern was observed when stress affected foliar development, more than 80% of dry matter was accumulated in the taproots. Water shortage negatively influenced both taproot and sugar yield by 16–52%, depending on the stress timing in the season. Drought stress did not change the sucrose concentration but when occurred in foliar and early stage of root development, decreased the contents of important non-sugar compounds like potassium and -amino-N solutes in the final yield. Overall, data concerning the different water status in particular organs implies that a hydrodynamic equilibrium does not exist within the sugar beet plant as a response to water stress. Drought imposed on the earlier stage, most drastically influenced plant growth and final yield. When water stress occurs at the end of crop cycle, sugar beet plants had a higher ability to recovery their growth.

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