Microsite and litter cover effects on soil conditions and seedling recruitment in a saline agricultural system

2011 ◽  
Vol 348 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 397-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Farrell ◽  
Christopher Szota ◽  
Richard J. Hobbs ◽  
Timothy D. Colmer
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Litter Cover

scholarly journals Natural Seedling Recruitment and Regeneration in Deforested and Sand-Filled Mangrove Forest at Eagle Island, Niger Delta Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aroloye O. Numbere
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Natural Seedling ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

Seed recruitment is a major driver of mangrove restoration globally. It is hypothesized that soil condition and channel hydrology can accelerate seedling recruitment and regeneration after a major disturbance. Species abundance, diversity indices, microbial and chemical concentrations in sand-filled mangrove forest was studied. Eight plots (area = 3902.16 m2) were established with ten transects in each plot in a random block design to investigate the effect of soil conditions on seedling growth. A total of 1, 886 seedlings were physically counted. Seedling abundance was significantly different between red (Rizophora racemosa), white (Laguncularia racemosa) and black (Avicennia germinans) mangroves and nypa palm (nypa fruticans). The most dominant species was black mangroves and the least dominant species was nypa palm. Muddy soils had the most abundant species while sandy soils had the least abundant species. Furthermore, semi-muddy soils had the highest species diversity (H = 0.948) whereas muddy soils had the least species diversity (H = 0.022). The soil metal concentration has no correlation with seed abundance and occur in the order Iron>Nitrate>Copper>Cadmium. Soil with high species diversity had high soil microbial population; however, seedling abundance was correlated with soil nutrients and not heavy metals. Small seeds are easily recruited while good soil condition plus existing hydrological connection facilitated natural seedling regeneration in the disturbed mangrove forest.

Natural revegetation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil in semi-arid grasslands

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Bizecki Robson ◽  
J Diane Knight ◽  
Richard E Farrell ◽  
James J Germida
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Litter Cover ◽  
The Impact

One way to identify hydrocarbon-tolerant plant species for reclamation is to sample vegetation at contaminated sites allowed to recover naturally. We compared vegetation and soils of 14 hydrocarbon-contaminated plots in southern Saskatchewan to those of nearby uncontaminated plots to determine the impact on plant communities and soil properties. Contaminated plots had less vegetation and litter cover than uncontaminated plots, and significantly higher soil carbon to nitrogen ratios, pH, and hydrocarbon concentration, and lower nitrogen and phosphorus. Although species richness was not significantly different, Shannon's diversity was lower on contaminated plots. Mean compositional similarity of the plots, measured using Jaccard's index, was only 31%, and cover similarity, measured using Spatz's index, was only 22%. Vegetation composition differences occurred because mycorrhizal, woody and vegetatively reproducing species, and species using birds or unassisted means for seed dispersal were significantly less common on contaminated than uncontaminated plots. Self-pollinated species were significantly more common on contaminated plots. The most abundant species on contaminated soils were the annual forb Kochia scoparia and the native perennial grasses Hordeum jubatum, Distichlis stricta, Agropyron smithii, Agropyron trachycaulum, and Poa canbyi. This research shows that some plant species and functional groups are tolerant of the altered soil conditions at hydrocarbon-contaminated sites.Key words: functional groups, oil spills, phytoremediation, reclamation, succession, vegetation recovery.

scholarly journals Effects of heathland management on seedling recruitment of common juniper (Juniperus communis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-198
Author(s):  
Pieter De Frenne ◽  
Robert Gruwez ◽  
Patrick W.F.M. Hommel ◽  
An De Schrijver ◽  
Rik P.J. Huiskes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Juniperus Communis ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Sod Cutting ◽  
Common Juniper

Background and aims – Common juniper (Juniperus communis L.) is one of the most widespread woody species on the planet. Over recent decades, however, common juniper populations are decreasing in size and number in different regions. Lack of recruitment, caused by extremely low seed viability and the absence of suitable microsites for recruitment, is the key reason for this decline. For successful germination, the seeds need gaps in the existing vegetation and a soil with a relatively high base saturation. The aim of this study was therefore to assess how management actions such as sod cutting, rotavation and liming (alone or in various combinations) influence soil characteristics, seed germination and seedling survival of common juniper.Methods – We installed a sowing experiment across 104 1-m2 plots in four different sites in Belgium and the Netherlands using treatments with different combinations of fencing, sod cutting, rotavation, litter addition and liming. We determined how these treatments affected soil characteristics and how they influenced seed germination and seedling survival.Key results and conclusions – Across the whole experiment, germination rates of juniper seeds were very low (almost always < 1%). Our results confirm that bare ground promotes the germination of juniper seeds. Secondly, higher silt and lutum (clay) proportions in the soil and higher soil organic matter content seemed to have a positive impact on recruitment, possibly due to drought reduction. Management actions that negatively affect those soil characteristics, such as deep sod cutting, should thus be avoided in heathlands on sandy soils. Our results reveal a complex relationship between seedling recruitment success, soil conditions and management of common juniper populations. Overall, combinations of fencing, (superficial) sod cutting and liming or rotavation were most successful.

The indicator of risk of water contamination by nitrate-nitrogen

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. De Jong ◽  
J Y Yang ◽  
C F Drury ◽  
E C Huffman ◽  
V. Kirkwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Risk Class ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Drinking Water Guideline

Drriven by changes in agricultural production practices, nitrogen (N) inputs have increased steadily on Canadian farms. An agro-environmental indicator was developed to monitor potential water pollution by N: indicator risk of water contamination by nitrate-nitrogen (IROWC-N). The indicator links the residual soil nitrogen (RSN) indicator to climate and soil conditions to assess the likelihood of N moving through the soil and out of the agricultural system. The results are assessed in terms of Nlost via leached water (Nlost) and its concentration in the leached water (Nconc), with the IROWC-N risk classes based on Nlost and Nconc criteria. The estimated amount of Nlost in Canada ranged from 5.1 kg N ha-1 in 1991 to 6.4 kg N ha-1 in 2001. Nconc values remained fairly constant during the 1981 to 1996 census years (ranging from 3.7 to 4.5 mg N L-1), but increased sharply (27%) to 5.7 mg N L-1 in 2001 as compared with 1996. During the 1981 to 2001 period, close to 80% of the Canadian farmland area remained in the very low and low IROWC-N risk classes, but over the years 18% shifted to a higher risk class. In 2001, large areas (> 1 million ha) in the high risk IROWC-N class were found in Manitoba, southern and eastern Ontario and in Quebec. Provincial averages of Nlost over 5 census years (1981, 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001) varied from less than 5 kg N ha-1 in Alberta and Saskatchewan to more than 20 kg N ha-1 in Ontario, Quebec and the Atlantic provinces. With the exception of Manitoba, provincial Nconc values did not exceed the Canadian drinking water guideline of 10 mg NO3-N L-1. In each of the census years, British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan had more than 70% of the farmland area in the very low and low risk classes for IROWC-N. In Ontario and Quebec, most of the farmland area was either in the low or in the high risk class. More than 50% of the farmland area in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland was in the very low, low and moderate risk classes, whereas in Manitoba and Prince Edward Island, more than 60% of the farmland was in the moderate and higher level risk classes for IROWC-N. Overall, the 20-yr trend in risk of water contamination by N was worsening. Key words: Water contamination by nitrogen, nitrate, water quality, Soil Landscapes of Canada, Census of Agriculture

scholarly journals 643 Site-specific Management for the 21st Century

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 558D-558
Author(s):  
Pierre C. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Soil Site

The new agricultural system called soil/site specific crop management (SSCM), now more generally named precision agriculture (precision farming) is the start of a revolution in natural resource management based on INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND CONTROL: it is bringing agriculture in the digital and information age. New technologies in the early 80s, particularly the microprocessor, made possible the development in the United States of farm machinery computers and controllers, the electronic acquisition and process of spatial field data to build farm geographic record keeping systems, the production of soil/site specific condition and management maps using GIS, the positioning of machines using GPS, and the development of real-time soil and crop sensors, particularly yield sensors. The concept of precision agriculture originated from a better awareness of soil and crop conditions variability within fields. The variability of soil conditions within parcels in the U.S. has been demonstrated in many ways (soil survey, soil sampling, and remote sensing) for both soil nutrients and soil physical properties (e.g., available water and compaction). It is progressively found that the concept of precision agriculture can be applied to a variety of crops and practices; management technological levels; and farm types and sizes. For example, in addition to grain crops (corn, soybeans, and wheat), applications are now developed for sugar beet and sugar cane, potato, cotton, peanut, vegetables, turf, or- chard, livestock, tree plantation, etc. Precision agriculture is still in infancy but it is the agricultural system of the future because it offers a unique variety of potential benefits in profitability, productivity, sustainability, crop quality, food safety, environmental protection, on-farm quality of life, and rural economic development.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Cropping Pattern and Crop Combination Regions of Thiruvarur District (2011-2016), Tamilnadu, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Geetha ◽  
R. Maniyosai
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Agricultural Planning ◽  
Suitable Combination ◽  
Agricultural Geography ◽  
Area Development

India is an Agricultural Nation. Its primary occupation is Agriculture. Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry and fisheries accounted for 13.75% of the GDP in 2013, about 50% of the workforce. The crops are generally grown in combination and a particular crop occupies a position of total isolation from other crops. The studies of crop combination regions constitute an important aspect of agricultural geography as it provides a good basis for agricultural regeneration. Through different regions may have different climate and soil conditions. But each region is Individual to crops. For a comprehensive and better understanding of agricultural system the study of crop combination is of great significances and is essential for agricultural planning. The present study enlights to the crop combinations in Thiruvarur District. Agricultural Geography is very need for rural planning, because high density of population and increasing annual growth rate of population. It is necessary to producer cultivate more crops in the same field. So diversification and suitable combination of crops with short duration is necessary for an increase in the production. The study of crop combination is also helpful for the study of the comprehensive area development planning particularly for the rural areas.

scholarly journals Study of compacted soil layers in the out-season soybean corn agricultural system in the Araguaia-Xingu Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
P. H. C. Macena ◽  
Y. O. Castro ◽  
D. C. O. Riva Neto ◽  
N. F. Marinho ◽  
J. A. V. Sant'anna
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Agricultural Production Systems

Resistance to Penetration (RP) can be found on various soil conditions and even on different agricultural production systems. The present work aimed to diagnose compacted layers along the soil profile. For the development of the work, it was necessary to use a specific equipment for data collection of RP whose name and Digital Penetrometer (Falker). Able to measure compacted layers every 5 cm depth up to a distance of 60 cm. along the soil profile in addition, it is able to provide data via graphs through a computer system. Random collections were carried out on different farms in the Araguaia Xingu region, so the criterion used to develop the work was to collect 15 points per plots at a maximum depth of 40cm and the same should be found in its third year of soybean cultivation. Corn (Safrinha). A total of 135 points were collected along 9 farms in the region, and after analyzing the points through the PenetroLOG Software. An average of the 15 points of each farm was carried out, as well as the final average of all the farms to reinforce the individual means. It was concluded that, in the soybean and maize out-season system, the compacted layer is between 14 and 20 cm deep along the soil profile with mean values of pressure of 1975 and 2504 kpa. This suggests alteration of the management used in the soils of the evaluated areas.

Learning from the financial crisis to achieve a sustainable agricultural system

2014 ◽  
pp. 45-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Domenichelli ◽  
Alberto Manelli ◽  
Martina Vallesi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Agricultural System

The methodological approach for the determination of the pressure of artificial raindrops as a question of the theory of splash soil erosion

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Mihail Zver'kov
Keyword(s):  
Block Diagram ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Effective Pressure ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Rain Drops ◽  
Artificial Rain ◽  
The Impact

To the article the results of the theoretical and experimental researches are given on questions of estimates of the dynamic rate effect of raindrop impact on soil. The aim of this work was to analyze the current methods to determine the rate of artificial rain pressure on the soil for the assessment of splash erosion. There are the developed author’s method for calculation the pressure of artificial rain on the soil and the assessment of splash erosion. The study aims to the justification of evaluation methods and the obtaining of quantitative characteristics, prevention and elimination of accelerated (anthropogenic) erosion, the creation and the realization of the required erosion control measures. The paper considers the question of determining the pressure of artificial rain on the soil. At the moment of raindrops impact, there is the tension in the soil, which is called vertical effective pressure. It is noted that the impact of rain drops in the soil there are stresses called vertical effective pressure. The equation for calculation of vertical effective pressure is proposed in this study using the known spectrum of raindrops. Effective pressure was 1.4 Pa for the artificial rain by sprinkler machine «Fregat» and 5.9 Pa for long distance sprinkler DD-30. The article deals with a block diagram of the sequence for determining the effective pressure of rain drops on the soil. This diagram was created by the author’s method of calculation of the effective pressure of rain drops on the soil. The need for an integrated approach to the description of the artificial rain impact on the soil is noted. Various parameters characterizing drop erosion are considered. There are data about the mass of splashed soil in the irrigation of various irrigation machinery and installations. For example, the rate (mass) of splashed soil was 0.28…0.78 t/ha under irrigation sprinkler apparatus RACO 4260–55/701C in the conditions of the Ryazan region. The method allows examining the environmental impact of sprinkler techniques for analyzes of the pressure, caused by raindrops, on the soil. It can also be useful in determining the irrigation rate before the runoff for different types of sprinkler equipment and soil conditions.

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