Potassium-magnesium imbalance causes detrimental effects on growth, starch allocation and Rubisco activity in sugarcane plants

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariani Garcia ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Ciro Antonio Rosolem ◽  
João William Bossolani ◽  
Carlos Antonio Costa Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rubisco Activity ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Mirsid volcanic tuff, alkaline activation, dissolved species, optimum activation time, optimum activating concentration

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
Erika Reisz ◽  
Corneliu-Mircea Davidescu ◽  
Radu Ardelean ◽  
Liviu Costea
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Volcanic Tuff ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Dissolved Species ◽  
Species Optimum ◽  
Potassium Magnesium ◽  
Exchange Properties ◽  
Activating Solution

The purpose of this article is to study the activation of the Mir�id volcanic tuff with NaOH solutions at various concentrations. To be more specific, the work investigated the evolution of the concentrations of species that passed from the tuff into the activating solutions and the quantities of dissolved species from 100 g tuff. The species found in the activating solution were: potassium, magnesium, aluminium and silicon. The shape of the curves - a sudden increase followed by a plateau or a second stage of slower increase - allowed for setting up the optimal activation time at a half-hour. Another finding was the optimal concentration of 1 N for the activating solution. X-ray diffractograms showed the increase of clinoptilolite content in the tuff, thus improving the adsorbent as well as ion exchange properties by activation with NaOH solutions.

scholarly journals Metal Binding Proteins

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-292
Author(s):  
Eugene A. Permyakov
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Metal ions play several major roles in proteins: structural, regulatory, and enzymatic. The binding of some metal ions increase stability of proteins or protein domains. Some metal ions can regulate various cell processes being first, second, or third messengers. Some metal ions, especially transition metal ions, take part in catalysis in many enzymes. From ten to twelve metals are vitally important for activity of living organisms: sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, zinc, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, and tungsten. This short review is devoted to structural, physical, chemical, and physiological properties of proteins, which specifically bind these metal cations.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Heading-and-Winning Machines in the Conditions of Potash Mines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3444
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Lavrenko ◽  
Dmitriy I. Shishlyannikov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Mechanized Method ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Potash Mine ◽  
Complex Indicators ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

The authors focus on the process of potash ore production by a mechanized method. They show that currently there are no approved procedures for assessing the performance of heading-and-winning machines operating in the conditions of potash mines. This causes difficulties in determining the field of application of heading-and-winning machines, complicates the search for implicit technical solutions for the modernisation of existing models of mining units, prohibits real-time monitoring of the stability of stope-based technological processes and makes it difficult to assess the performance of the services concerning mining enterprises. The work represents an aggregate assessment of the performance of heading-and-winning machines for potash mines by determining complex indicators describing the technological and technical levels of organising the work in stopes. Such indicators are the coefficients of productivity and energy efficiency, respectively. Experimental studies have been carried out in the conditions of the potash mine of the Verkhnekamskoye potassium-magnesium salt deposit to assess the performance of the latest and most productive Ural-20R heading-and-winning machines manufactured in Russia. Using the above methodological approaches, this paper shows that the unsatisfactory technological performance of the studied machine is due to the low productivity of the mine district transport. The average productivity coefficient was 0.29. At the same time, high values of the energy efficiency coefficient show that the productivity of the machine is on par with design conditions.

scholarly journals Unintended Consequences: Nutritional Impact and Potential Pitfalls of Switching from Animal- to Plant-Based Foods

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2527
Author(s):  
Rachel Tso ◽  
Ciarán G. Forde
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Consumers are shifting towards plant-based diets, driven by both environmental and health reasons. This has led to the development of new plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) that are marketed as being sustainable and good for health. However, it remains unclear whether these novel PBMAs to replace animal foods carry the same established nutritional benefits as traditional plant-based diets based on pulses, legumes and vegetables. We modelled a reference omnivore diet using NHANES 2017–2018 data and compared it to diets that substituted animal products in the reference diet with either traditional or novel plant-based foods to create flexitarian, vegetarian and vegan diets matched for calories and macronutrients. With the exception of the traditional vegan diet, all diets with traditional plant-based substitutes met daily requirements for calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, iron and Vitamin B12 and were lower in saturated fat, sodium and sugar than the reference diet. Diets based on novel plant-based substitutes were below daily requirements for calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc and Vitamin B12 and exceeded the reference diet for saturated fat, sodium and sugar. Much of the recent focus has been on protein quality and quantity, but our case study highlights the risk of unintentionally increasing undesirable nutrients while reducing the overall nutrient density of the diet when less healthy plant-based substitutes are selected. Opportunities exist for PBMA producers to enhance the nutrient profile and diversify the format of future plant-based foods that are marketed as healthy, sustainable alternatives to animal-based products.

scholarly journals The Effect of Weed Competition on Apple Fruit Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ersin ATAY ◽  
Seckin GARGIN ◽  
Ahmet ESITKEN ◽  
N. Pinar GUZEL ◽  
A. Nilgun ATAY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
High Density ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Orchard performance is influenced by weed competition. In this study, the effects of weed competition on nutrient contents, chemical and physical fruit quality properties were sought. The study was carried out in a high-density apple orchard (‘Golden Delicious’/M.9) over two consecutive growing seasons. The effect of weed competition was studied at three different levels: weak, moderate and strong. Fruit firmness, soluble solids content, macronutrients (such as nitrogen, potassium and calcium) and potassium+magnesium/calcium ratio in fruit were significantly affected by weed competition. Strong weed competition negatively affected soluble solids content and potassium+magnesium/calcium ratio. In both trial years, soluble solids content was significantly higher in weak weed competition. In the first year of the study, soluble solids content ranged between 13.77±0.06% (strong weed competition) and 15.20±0.10% (weak weed competition). In the following year, soluble solids content values were determined as 13.13±0.23% in strong weed competition and 13.83±0.21% in weak weed competition. Weak weed competition showed superiority for fruit weight and potassium+magnesium/calcium ratio. As a whole, this study indicates that insufficient weed control in tree rows might be a limiting factor for fruit quality in high-density apple orchards.

Fire effects on soil organic matter content, composition, and nutrients in boreal interior Alaska

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 2178-2187 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Neff ◽  
J W Harden ◽  
G Gleixner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Boreal ecosystems contain a substantial fraction of the earth's soil carbon stores and are prone to frequent and severe wildfires. In this study, we examine changes in element and organic matter stocks due to a 1999 wildfire in Alaska. One year after the wildfire, burned soils contained between 1071 and 1420 g/m2 less carbon than unburned soils. Burned soils had lower nitrogen than unburned soils, higher calcium, and nearly unchanged potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus stocks. Burned surface soils tended to have higher concentrations of noncombustible elements such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus compared with unburned soils. Combustion losses of carbon were mostly limited to surface dead moss and fibric horizons, with no change in the underlying mineral horizons. Burning caused significant changes in soil organic matter structure, with a 12% higher ratio of carbon to combustible organic matter in surface burned horizons compared with unburned horizons. Pyrolysis gas chromatography – mass spectroscopy also shows preferential volatilization of polysaccharide-derived organic matter and enrichment of lignin- and lipid-derived compounds in surface soils. The chemistry of deeper soil layers in burned and unburned sites was similar, suggesting that immediate fire impacts were restricted to the surface soil horizon.

The effect of dehydration and rehydration on salt loss in the second-stage larvae of Anguina tritici

Parasitology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Womersley
Keyword(s):  
Salt Content ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Nematode Cuticle ◽  
Calcium Loss ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

SUMMARYThe effect of repeated dehydration and hydration on the salt content of 2nd-stage larvae of Anguina tritici was studied. The sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium contents of the larvae after subjection to varying periods of desiccation and rehydration were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry and flame photometry. External cation concentrations on the cuticle of the head, middle body and tail regions were determined semi-quantitatively with scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with X-ray analysis (EDAX). Salt concentrations decreased with each dehydration/rehydration cycle. The greatest loss occurred on revival from the first desiccation period. The results indicated that A. tritici was incapable of regulating it's internal sodium content during revival, but suggested a limited ability to control potassium, magnesium and calcium loss. Salt loss through the nematode cuticle was restricted to potassium and calcium during desiccation. The salt losses encountered are discussed in relation to nematode osmoregulation and to the survival of the nematode in the anhydrobiotic state.

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