Mechanized Placement of Drip Tape in Potato Comb

Over the past two years, decrease in potato yield has been observed in the Moscow region. One of the main reasons is unfavorable weather conditions. To obtain a guaranteed yield, as well as to improve the quality of products, it is necessary to carry out reclamation works, including additional irrigation. Creation of the optimal water - air balance of the plant throughout the entire growing season will increase productivity, and improve the quality of agricultural products. Drip irrigation is the most economical method of irrigation, but its widespread use is hindered by the high proportion of manual labor when installing the drip tape. A mechanized method of laying the drip tape by placing the working equipment on the Grimme GF-75/4 comb former is offered. The existing methods for determining the irrigation rate do not consider the parameters of the humidification circuit, which leads to excessive irrigation and additional losses of irrigation water. The paper offers a method for determining the irrigation rate considering the shape of the humidification circuit and its geometric parameters.

Comparative Economics of Maize Cultivation under Conventional and Mechanization

Aim: To compare the cost and return analysis of conventional maize cultivation with mechanization. Place of Study: A field experiment on maize crop cultivation by conventional and mechanization was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Karimnagar during Kharif, 2019-20. Methodology: The cost concepts were used to estimate the cost of cultivation under conventional and Mechanization methods. The cost concepts viz., cost A1, cost A2 cost B1 cost B2 and cost C1, cost C2 and C3 were used in the present study. Results: The total costs of cultivation under conventional and mechanization methods were Rs.117794.78 and Rs.104137.92 per hectare respectively indicating 12 % saving with mechanization. Similarly gross returns were Rs. 146064.00 in conventional method against Rs.146988.00 in mechanized method. Net returns recovered were 52% higher with mechanized method i.e Rs.42850.08 compared to conventional method Rs.28269.22. In the same way returns per rupee of investment in conventional method and mechanization were 1.23 and 1.41. Mechanization in cultivation also saves time, labour usage and reduces drudgery.

DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A SMALL-SCALE GROUNDNUT SHELLING MACHINE

Food serves as one of the requirements for the survival of every living being. It exists in various forms and one of this is Groundnut. Groundnut (Arachis hypogea), apart from being considered for food, creates jobs and sources of income for the teeming populace and contributes to GDP of the countries where grown; its contributions to the national growth increase when its production is mechanized. However, in spite of the use of mechanized method of farming, the contributions are still low in developing countries, compared to the developed countries. Some of the factors responsible for this center on the fact that the available machineries are for turkey projects, which are expensive and as such they are viewed irrelevant among the small scale stakeholders in the developing nations, based on the quantity of their produce. In order to find solution to some of these challenges, the present study utilizes the characteristics of both nuts and shells of groundnuts to develop and evaluate the performance of a 20 kg/h groundnut shelling machine. The machine comprises five basic units, namely: the hopper, neck, shelling unit, power transmission unit and frame. The developed machine with a theoretically loading capacity of 2.5 kg/batch, required average of 58.02 minutes to shell the rated capacity to attain shelling efficiency of 80.39 % with loss of 3.125 % due to crushing. Findings show that the minimum productivity of the machine is 20.666 kg/hr, which improves as the moisture content of the feedstock reduces.

Performance Evaluation of Heading-and-Winning Machines in the Conditions of Potash Mines

The authors focus on the process of potash ore production by a mechanized method. They show that currently there are no approved procedures for assessing the performance of heading-and-winning machines operating in the conditions of potash mines. This causes difficulties in determining the field of application of heading-and-winning machines, complicates the search for implicit technical solutions for the modernisation of existing models of mining units, prohibits real-time monitoring of the stability of stope-based technological processes and makes it difficult to assess the performance of the services concerning mining enterprises. The work represents an aggregate assessment of the performance of heading-and-winning machines for potash mines by determining complex indicators describing the technological and technical levels of organising the work in stopes. Such indicators are the coefficients of productivity and energy efficiency, respectively. Experimental studies have been carried out in the conditions of the potash mine of the Verkhnekamskoye potassium-magnesium salt deposit to assess the performance of the latest and most productive Ural-20R heading-and-winning machines manufactured in Russia. Using the above methodological approaches, this paper shows that the unsatisfactory technological performance of the studied machine is due to the low productivity of the mine district transport. The average productivity coefficient was 0.29. At the same time, high values of the energy efficiency coefficient show that the productivity of the machine is on par with design conditions.

Influence of Harvesting Methods and Timings on Yield and Quality of Selected Bread Wheat Varieties

An experiment was executed at experimental farm of Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam to quantify the losses in grain yield and quality of wheat in relation to time and method of harvesting. The experiment involved three bread wheat varieties (Kiran-95, Mehran-89 and TD-1) and two harvesting methods; conventional method using Sickle and mechanized method using Reaper. The harvesting times considered were: 5-days-before-maturity (DBM), 5-Days-after-maturity (DAM), 10 DAM, and 15 DAM. The data were recorded for grain yield, yield components (harvest index, seed index, etc.) and some grain quality traits (shriveled & broken grain losses). The results highlighted that, harvesting with reaper was most effective and economical in terms of losses to grain yield and quality over sickle (manual) method of harvesting. Compared to the other harvesting times tested in this study, the wheat crop harvested at proper physiological maturity (5 DAM) was found to be most effective and beneficial to maintain quality and obtain maximum grain yield. Generally, wheat crop harvested through conventional method using sickle showed more harvesting losses at different harvesting intervals. Among three wheat cultivars, the cultivar TD-1 harvested with sickle (manual method) at proper maturity, 5 DBM and 5, 10 and 15 DAM showed 5.55%, 6.54%, 7.09%, 8.06% and 9.45% harvesting losses; and 8.79%, 10.46%, 10.67%, 11.76% and 13.25% hauling losses, respectively. Contrarily, when same cultivar TD-1 was harvested through mechanized method using reaper, the respective treatment plots showed 5.35%, 6.09%, 6.21%, 7.07% and 8.49% harvesting losses, and 8.57%, 9.89%, 9.54%, 10.45% and 11.99% hauling losses to grain yield, respectively. This study suggests that wheat crop should be harvested with reaper at proper physiological maturity. Among the three bread wheat varieties included in the study, the variety Kiran-95 proved to be the most resistant to grain yield and quality losses.

EVALUATION OF THE INTER-REPAIR OPERATION PERIOD OF ELECTRIC SUBMERSIBLE PUMP UNITS

In recent years, in the oil and gas industry of Azerbaijan, the use of electric submersible pumps (SEP) as one of the effective way to increase the level of production of well products. Currently, electric centrifugal pumping units (ECPU) are widely used both on land and in offshore fields. Currently, a total of about 15 % of SOCAR’s oil wells are produced using electric submersible pumping units. ECPU effectiveness is largely determined by both the period of their operation and the frequency of repair and restoration work. It is established that the use of ECPUs contributes to an increase in the service life of equipment and the effectiveness of a mechanized method of oil production. To assess the benefits of the latter, the most important factor is the inter-repair period (Tir) of the equipment. Existing methods for determining the inter-repair period of oilfield equipment are accompanied by large errors, which significantly reduce their reliability. In this regard, the article is tasked with developing a more practical and reliable method for determining the inter-repair period, where the point of change in the nature of the failure rate is adopted as the determining parameter

Cost Optimization in the Operation of Gearbox of Rocking Machine

In this article, technical solutions aimed at optimizing production processes in the field of operation of equipment of the production well stock are considered. In the process of a mechanized method of oil production by sucker-rod pumping units, there are a number of technical problems that have a serious impact on the efficiency of operation of the production stock of wells and, in general, on the volume of oil production. A large-scale problem in the operation of pumping units is oil leakage on drive gearboxes.

The evolution of thick coal seams mining methods in China

The article is shown that the main methods used in China for coal mining from thick seams at the moment are two methods the Complex mechanized method of developing seams at their full capacity (used only in simple geological conditions and is an additional method for the following) and Complex mechanized mining method with coal production (which is used mainly, including in difficult conditions). Despite the fact that these methods have positively proven themselves over the years, their use has a number of significant drawbacks, including a low extraction rate, an increased risk of endogenous combustion and rock burst, and others. Currently, a promising way is a development method with a diagonal (cross-shaped) arrangement of drifts, which helps to eliminate many of the shortcomings of previous methods, including a low recovery coefficient, the risk of spontaneous combustion, the need to support the drift and others. It is expected that this method will be widely used for underground coal mining in deep mines in China with difficult mining and geological conditions.

Efficient Notes Generation through Information Extraction

For a specific topic we find several reference books and textbooks to refer and the content is much more than one needs, therefore at the time of revision or quick study we need the summary and short version of the whole content for revision, especially at the time of examinations. There we expect to build up a semi-mechanized method to produce notes from English content records like Reference Books and Text books. The method talked about is viewed as a spearheading endeavor in the field of NLP (Natural Language Processing).This strategy has a wide scope in the instructive space. The procedure when executed as an application can be utilized by both employees and understudies.