scholarly journals Care Life Expectancy: Gender and Unpaid Work in the Context of Population Aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Ophir ◽  
Jessica Polos
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Unpaid Work

The Paid and Unpaid Working Life Expectancy at 50 in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Ophir
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Paid And Unpaid Work

Abstract Objectives Amid growing concerns about the economic implications of population aging and the sustainability of older adults’ working life, unpaid family care work receives less attention despite its direct relevance to population aging. This paper systematically compares the paid and unpaid working life expectancy at age 50 to understand the overlap and trade-off between paid and unpaid work among older European adults. Method Using data from the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) with the Sullivan method, the paper presents gender differences across 17 countries in life expectancy at age 50 at various paid (employment) and unpaid (caregiving) role configurations. Results When work is defined to include unpaid family caregiving, women and men have similar working life expectancies at age 50, in contrast to prior research. However, its paid and unpaid components are gendered. The results also show that at age 50, women are expected to spend similar number of years providing grandchild care and ADL/IADL care and that most of these years take place after retirement. Discussion The results highlight that the gendered tension between paid and unpaid work persists into older adulthood and needs to be accounted for in working life expectancy measures. The results also underscore the gendered implications of population aging and unpaid work in older adulthood for retirement age policies and strategies for promoting gender equality in later life.

scholarly journals Changing Educational Gradients in Life Expectancy With and Without Disease Among U.S. Older Adults From 2000 to 2010

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 505-505
Author(s):  
Matthew Farina ◽  
Phillip Cantu ◽  
Mark Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Education Group ◽  
Education Groups

Abstract Recent research has documented increasing education inequality in life expectancy among U.S. adults; however, much is unknown about other health status changes. The objective of study is to assess how healthy and unhealthy life expectancies, as classified by common chronic diseases, has changed for older adults across education groups. Data come from the Health and Retirement Study and National Vital Statistics. We created prevalence-based life tables using the Sullivan method to assess sex-specific life expectancies for stroke, heart disease, cancer, and arthritis by education group. In general, unhealthy life expectancy increased with each condition across education groups. However, the increases in unhealthy life expectancy varied greatly. While stroke increased by half a year across education groups, life expectancy with diabetes increased by 3 to 4 years. In contrast, the evidence for healthy life expectancy provides mixed results. Across chronic diseases, healthy life expectancy decreased by 1 to 3 years for respondents without a 4-year degree. Conversely, healthy life expectancy increased for the college educated by .5 to 3 years. While previous research shows increases in life expectancy for the most educated, trends in life expectancy with chronic conditions is less positive: not all additional years are in lived in good health. In addition to documenting life expectancy changes across education groups, research assessing health of older adults should consider the changing inequality across a variety of health conditions, which will have broad implications for population aging and policy intervention.

Adjustment of Legal Retirement Age in Chinese Mainland

2011 ◽  
Vol 422 ◽  
pp. 684-687
Author(s):  
Shi Bin Song ◽  
Qi Song ◽  
Xiao Jun Xue ◽  
Yun Wan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Chinese Mainland ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Legal Retirement Age

With the coming rush of population aging and the termination of the demographic dividend, the question on the extension of the legal retirement age is becoming a hot topic in the community. This paper analyzes factors affecting retirement age，such　as demographic dividend, life expectancy, years of education per capita, supply and demand situation in labor market. From these factors, reasonable quantitative reference standards can be introduced.

scholarly journals Demographic aging in the aspect of gender problems in modern Russia

POPULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Valentina G. Dobrokhleb
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Demographic Dynamics ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Demographic Aging ◽  
Current Century

The purpose of the research is to identify the features of demographic aging in terms of gender problems in modern Russia. The most significant demographic transformation of the current century is the process of population aging. It is established that the distinctive characteristics of the demographic dynamics in our country are: changing age structure of the population against the background of low fertility connected with the second stage of depopulation in Russia; a significant lagging behind not only economically developed but also several developing countries in life expectancy for both women and men; prevailing demographic asymmetry by gender; low indicators of healthy life expectancy, which are calculated without taking into account the gender component; burden of age-related diseases accumulated by the age of 65. It is shown that in Russia the number of elderly and old women exceeds the number of their male coevals by more than 15 million. Social, technological, and demographic transformations impact the dynamics of social roles. The most important change is the growth of women in paid work throughout the world, including in Russia. And women of retirement age have a high risk of social isolation. For many Russian pensioners with low per capita income and no savings the main strategy is that of survival. So now the most topical problem is changing the stereotype of women’s old age, associated with such concepts as lack of development, untidy appearance of a person without gender and desires that causes physical rejection.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POPULATION AGING AND MEDICAL EXPENDITURES IN ROMANIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Lucian Adrian Sala
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Medical Expenditures ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Per Capita

With recent developments in the medical field and faster access to medical professional and healthcare services providers, accompanied by better education and a higher level of hygiene, life expectancy for both males and females in Romania is increasing at a steady pace. From a medical point of view, this is a remarkable accomplishment when compared with past decades when the average life expectancy was much lower than in recent times. A longer life span will automatically, for the most part, have the unwanted effect of increasing spending on medical services on behalf of the state to ensure a better quality of life for the elderly. Therefore, the public health system will be placed under additional pressure on behalf of healthcare providers to offer higher quality services to the elderly. This paper aims to explore the degree of influence that age and income have on the growing costs of medical expenditures on a per capita level. The method employed in exploring to what extent the growing share of elderly individuals and income can explain the rise in medical expenditures is a multiple linear regression model. The expected results are that as the share of elderly individuals grows within Romania’s population and similarly as income on a per capita bases rises, there will be a noticeable increase in per capita medical expenditures.

scholarly journals Social and geographical aspects of population aging

2014 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
V. Yavorska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Stress Situation ◽  
The Impact

Ukraine belongs to countries with a high intensity depopulation processes which conditioned by a number of diverse factors of economic, socio-cultural, institutional character. The extensive and prolonged depopulation stands now as a part and one of the most expressive manifestation of the general crisis of the demographic situation in Ukraine. This article investigates the impact of trends in life expectancy to the indicators of the population aging. It was conducted regional analysis and determined regional differences in terms of life expectancy and the parameters of population aging. The reasons of such a stress situation were identified.

scholarly journals Modern Demographic Processes in Ukraine, Factors of Influence

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Victoria Yavorska ◽  
Vitaliy Sych ◽  
Ihor Hevko ◽  
Inna Shorobura ◽  
Olexandra Dolynska
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Demographic Processes

The presented article gives the analysis of the modern demographic indicators such as life expectancy, age structure and fertility rate of the population in Ukraine and their geographical differences. The aim of the research is a spatial analysis of the demographic situation to determine the development trends of the population of the regions of Ukraine. In the conditions of depopulation and gradual aging of labor force in Ukraine requirements to its qualitative characteristics, first of all a state of health and average life expectancy grow. Ukraine belongs to the countries with high intensity of depopulation processes that is caused by a number of various factors of economic, socio-cultural, institutional character. Large-scale and protracted depopulation is now a component and one of the most pronounced manifestations of the general crisis demographic situation in Ukraine. The tendencies of influence of average life expectancy on indicators of population aging are investigated in the work. The regional analysis is carried out and territorial differences in indicators of average life expectancy and indicators of population aging are defined. The reasons for such a tense situation have been identified. The paper emphasizes that the development of really effective measures aimed at bringing the oblasts out of the deep demographic crisis and slowing down the progressive depopulation should focus not only on reducing mortality, but mainly on improving the health of the population, which can correct high mortality. These demographic trends increase global demographic asymmetry, give a special sharpness and new "sound" to the demographic problem in the global context, and, in addition, have long-term socio-economic consequences for countries with depopulation and deepening aging. In view of this, there is now a need for a comprehensive scientific understanding of the phenomenon of depopulation and assessment of its possible prospects, the development of a strategy to influence depopulation processes by means of sociodemographic policy. In our country, the study of depopulation factors, its nature and origins, analysis of the peculiarities of the deployment of depopulation and assessment of its consequences have become particularly relevant.

The Effects of Population Aging and Life Expectancy on Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-118
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kiziltan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Population Structures

This study examines the effects of gross saving rates, gross capital formation, population aging, and life expectancy on income growth between 1985 and 2018 for selected emerging market and middle-income economies. The estimates by feasible generalized least squares (FGLS), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), canonical cointegrating regressions (CCR), and Driscoll-Kraay methods show the impact of population aging on income growth is positive. However, life expectancy gives positive results for gross domestic product per capita growth and negative results for gross domestic product growth. The results confirm that there is still an increasing population for emerging economies in general. In this respect, they also point to the neutral view approach for these countries. This situation highlights the importance of considering the effects of population aging on sustainable economic growth in emerging countries. For this reason, decision makers in these economies must monitor population structures closely and carefully.

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