scholarly journals Immigrant-native differences in long-term self-employment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Aldén ◽  
Spencer Bastani ◽  
Mats Hammarstedt ◽  
Chizheng Miao
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Organizational Form ◽  
Labor Income ◽  
Capital Income ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Personal Relation ◽  
Large Representative

AbstractWe study immigrant-native differences in long-term self-employment in Sweden combining population-wide register data and a unique survey targeting a large representative sample of the total population of long-term self-employment. Using the registers, we analyze the evolution of labor and capital incomes during the first 10 years following self-employment entry. We find that immigrant-native differences in labor income become smaller, whereas immigrant-native differences in capital income grow stronger, over the course of self-employment. These findings are robust to controlling for factors such as organizational form and type of industry. We use the survey data to gain further insights into immigrant-native differences among the long-term self-employed, and show that immigrant self-employed experience more problems and earn less, but work harder than native self-employed. They also have a less personal relation to their customers, do not enjoy their work as much as natives, and appear to have different perspectives on self-employment in general.

The Epidemiology of Headache in Germany: A Nationwide Survey of A Representative Sample on The Basis of The Headache Classification of The International Headache Society

Cephalalgia ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Göbel ◽  
M Petersen-Braun ◽  
D Soyka
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Total Population ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
German Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
Large Representative

This study presents the first account of the prevalence of headache syndromes, defined according to the International Headache Society criteria, in a large representative sample of the German population; 5000 persons representative of the total population were selected from 30,000 households. Subjects were requested to answer a questionnaire about headache occurrence during their lifetime. The completion rate was 81.2%. Seventy-one point four percent ( n = 2902) reported a history of headache. Twenty-seven point five percent fulfilled the criteria for migraine. Thirty-eight point three percent ( n = 1557) met the criteria for tension-type headache and 5.6% ( n = 229) did not fulfil criteria for either migraine or tension-type headache. Significant correlations were found between the prevalence of the different headache syndromes and sociodemographic variables such as sex, age and place of residence. The prevalence of headache did not exhibit any significant differences between the various länder (states or regions) of Germany. When extrapolated to the total population these results reveal that 54 million people in Germany suffer from headache at least occasionally or persistently. These findings suggest that the magnitude of the neurological disorders, migraine and tension-type headache, is seriously underestimated and thus constitutes a major contemporary health problem.

Turkish Muslims in a German city: Entrepreneurial and residential self-determination

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sarah Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
German City ◽  
Post War ◽  
Oral History Interviews ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Term Objective

Drawing upon a collection of oral history interviews, this paper offers an insight into entrepreneurial and residential patterns and behaviour amongst Turkish Muslims in the German city of Bremen. The academic literature has traditionally argued that Turkish migrants in Germany have been pushed into self-employment, low-quality housing and segregated neighbourhoods as a result of discrimination, and poor employment and housing opportunities. Yet the interviews reveal the extent to which Bremen’s Turkish Muslims’ performances and experiences have overwhelmingly been the consequences of personal choices and ambitions. For many of the city’s Turkish Muslim entrepreneurs, self-employment had been a long-term objective, and they have succeeded in establishing and running their businesses in the manner they choose with regards to location and clientele, for example. Similarly, interviewees stressed the way in which they were able to shape their housing experiences by opting which districts of the city to live in and by purchasing property. On the whole, they perceive their entrepreneurial and residential practices as both consequences and mediums of success, integration and a loyalty to the city of Bremen. The findings are contextualised within the wider debate regarding the long-term legacy of Germany’s post-war guest-worker system and its position as a “country of immigration”.

Clinical Efficacy of Dhatryadi Ghanavati in Shvitra (Vitiligo)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjiri Walinjkar ◽  
P.D. Londhe ◽  
S. R. Makhare ◽  
Anil Avhad
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Skin Disorder ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Effective Therapy ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Percentage Area ◽  
Effective Remedy

Background: Shvitra (vitiligo) is a kind of skin disorder comprising of white coloured skin patches which is considered as a social stigma. Worldwide prevalence of Vitiligo is observed as 1% of the total population. Due to the chronic nature, long term treatment, lack of uniform effective therapy and unpredictable course the disease is usually very demoralizing for patients. Aim: To study the efficacy of ‘Dhatryadi Ghanavati’ in the management of Shvitra. Materials and Methods: Total 50 patients of Shvitra from OPD and IPD unit of Dr. M.N. Agashe Hospital, Satara were selected and provided with Dhatryadi Ghanavati 1gm B.D. for the duration of 3 months. Results: 100% relief was observed in Daha and Kandu followed by 83.33% relief was observed in Rukshata. 34.51% improvement was seen in number of patches, 34.82% in size of patches and 34.29% in percentage area involved. Color of the patches was improved by 69.01% whereas 44% improvement was seen in hair discoloration. Conclusion: The compound formulation ‘Dhatryadi Ghanavati’ was found as an effective remedy for ‘Shvitra’. The parameters like number of patches, size of patches, percentage area involved and colour of patches showed statistically highly significant results.

scholarly journals Solo self-employment, entrepreneurial subjectivity and the security–precarity continuum: Evidence from private tutors in the supplementary education industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110092
Author(s):  
Sarah L Holloway ◽  
Helena Pimlott-Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Supplementary Education ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Education Industry

Entrepreneurship is regarded by policy makers and politicians as an accelerant for economic development. Economic geography demonstrates that rather than stimulating entrepreneurship in general, policy makers should support specific forms of entrepreneurship that fuel wider growth. The paper's original contribution is to insist that entrepreneurship research must also explore less growth-oriented, but crucially very widespread, forms of entrepreneurial activity. The paper therefore places solo self-employment – the self-employed without employees – centre stage as an exemplar of this trend. Research is presented on private tutors who run businesses from home, offering children one-to-one tuition in the burgeoning supplementary education industry. The paper scrutinises the causes, configuration and consequences of such solo self-employment as an economically marginal, but numerically dominant, form of entrepreneurship. In so doing, it makes three conceptual advances in the exploration of heterogeneous entrepreneurship. First, in examining why individuals become self-employed, the paper moves beyond classic efforts to understand entrepreneurship through binary push/pull mechanisms in models of occupational choice. Instead, the analysis demonstrates the importance of risk in entrepreneurship and paid employment, highlighting the multiple pathways into solo self-employment as opportunities and constraints coalesce in individual's lives. Secondly, in considering how the solo self-employed think about business, the research breaks through conventional definitions of entrepreneurship to demonstrate that solo self-employment involves a distinctively entrepreneurial subjectivity and practices. Thirdly, by investigating the consequences of solo self-employment, the findings transcend dualist interpretations of self-employment as the realm of entrepreneurial wealth or economic precarity, highlighting instead a security–precarity continuum in immediate and long-term outcomes.

scholarly journals Consumption Threshold at Which Virtue Products Become Vice Products: The Case of Beer

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1688
Author(s):  
Enar Ruiz-Conde ◽  
Francisco Mas-Ruiz ◽  
Josefa Parreño-Selva
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Time Inconsistent

Relative vices and virtues have traditionally been defined according to time-inconsistent preferences. Vice products exchange small immediate rewards (e.g., pleasure) for larger delayed costs (e.g., health), while virtue products exchange small immediate costs for larger delayed rewards. This definition can be criticized because there is evidence that small amounts of beer (or chocolate) convey a long-term health benefit, whereas large quantities impose a delayed cost. Thus, we assume that virtue products can become vice products when consumption is above a certain threshold. Survey data identifies alcoholic beer as a product that gives immediate rewards and does not impose a delayed cost. Our analysis reveals a consumption threshold that supports our assumptions.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Impact of Different Offline Population Inclusion Strategies in Probability-Based Online Panels: Evidence From the German Internet Panel and the GESIS Panel

2021 ◽  
pp. 089443932098413
Author(s):  
Carina Cornesse ◽  
Ines Schaurer
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Alternative Mode ◽  
Mail Surveys ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Online Panels ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Postal Mail

While online panels offer numerous advantages, they are often criticized for excluding the offline population. Therefore, some probability-based online panels have developed offline population inclusion strategies. Two dominant approaches prevail: providing internet equipment and offering an alternative survey participation mode. We investigate the impact of these approaches on two probability-based online panels in Germany: the German Internet Panel, which provides members of the offline population with internet equipment, and the GESIS Panel, which offers members of the offline population to participate via postal mail surveys. In addition, we explore the impact of offering an alternative mode only to non-internet users versus also offering the alternative mode to internet users who are unwilling to provide survey data online. Albeit lower recruitment and/or panel wave participation probabilities among offliners than onliners, we find that including the offline population has a positive long-term impact on sample accuracy in both panels. In the GESIS Panel, the positive impact is particularly strong when offering the alternative participation mode to non-internet users and internet users who are unwilling to provide survey data online.

scholarly journals Physical workload and increased frequency of musculoskeletal pain: a cohort study of employed men and women with baseline occasional pain

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-107094
Author(s):  
Kathryn Badarin ◽  
Tomas Hemmingsson ◽  
Lena Hillert ◽  
Katarina Kjellberg
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Job Exposure Matrix ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Strenuous Work ◽  
High Level

ObjectivesMusculoskeletal pain (MSP) is prevalent among the workforce. This study investigates the long-term association between physical workload (PWL) and increased frequency of MSP among male and female employees with pre-existing occasional MSP.MethodsThis study uses the Stockholm Public Health cohort survey data from the baseline 2006. The sample includes 5715 employees with baseline occasional MSP (no more than a few days per month). Eight PWL exposures and overall PWL were estimated using a job-exposure matrix (JEM). The JEM was assigned to occupational titles from a national register in 2006. Follow-up survey data on frequent MSP (a few or more times a week) were collected from 2010. Logistic regressions produced sex-specific ORs with 95% CIs and were adjusted for education, health conditions, psychological distress, smoking, BMI, leisure-time physical activity and decision authority.ResultsAssociations were observed between several aspects of heavy PWL and frequent MSP for men (eg, OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.20, among those in the highest exposure quartile compared with those in the lowest quartile for heavy lifting) and women (eg, OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.29, among those in the highest exposure quartile compared with those in the the lowest quartile for physically strenuous work). Small changes were observed in the OR after adjustment, but most of the ORs for PWL exposures among the men were no longer statistically significantly increased.ConclusionA high level of exposure to heavy PWL was associated with increased frequency of MSP 4 years later for men and women with baseline occasional pain.

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