scholarly journals Security token offerings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lambert ◽  
Daniel Liebau ◽  
Peter Roosenboom
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Finance ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Entrepreneurial Finance ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Securities Laws ◽  
Initial Coin Offerings

Abstract This paper posits that distinguishing security token offerings (STOs) from initial coin offerings (ICOs) is important for the study of entrepreneurial finance. We first provide a working definition of a security token and present an overview of the STO market using a unique STO sample. The STO activity developed after the end of the ICO market bubble. The STO market is, however, still a nascent market. STOs are geographically dispersed but concentrated in jurisdictions with accommodating securities laws. Next, we explore STO success factors. We show that various issuer and offering characteristics traditionally used in the ICO literature also matter for STO success. We also find that success is associated with good governance practices, consistent with the corporate finance literature. We conclude by discussing the implications of native digital securities, the next generation of security tokens, for entrepreneurial finance.

scholarly journals Epitomising Public Sector Management of Public Private Partnerships: A Trajectory of Good Governance

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Jude Thaddeo Mugarura ◽  
Zwelinzima Ndevu
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Research And Policy ◽  
Made In

While research and policy documents seem to equate public private partnerships (PPPs) to a “marriage made in heaven”, globally they have had flimsy impact on public service delivery. Such seem to be caused by myopic governance emanating from scattered PPP governance literature, lack of a clear PPP good governance overview, as well as overemphasis of PPP financing over the wider PPP governance aspects. Using scholarly documents through content analysis, this study therefore intended to identify and examine the elements of a PPP governance system, and thereafter provide strategies of enforcing good governance practices for PPPs to serve their intended purpose. Findings indicate that PPP principles, critical success factors, stakeholder and risk management, and management of PPP maturity trends, make up a PPP good governance system. Finally, for each of the findings established, the study proposes appropriate good governance practices for sustainable PPP interventions.

scholarly journals Transformasi Tadbir Urus Wakaf oleh Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Perlis (MAIPs)

Sains Insani ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-224
Author(s):  
Marina Abu Bakar ◽  
Shofian Ahmad ◽  
Ahmad Dahlan Salleh ◽  
Mohd Fairuz Nohd Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
The State ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Governance Practices

Wakaf ialah apa-apa harta yang ditahan hak pewakaf ke atas harta tersebut daripada sebarang urusan jual beli, pewarisan, hibah dan wasiat, ada masa yang sama mengekalkan sumber fizikalnya untuk kebajikan dengan niat mendekatkan diri pewakaf kepada Allah SWT. Di Malaysia, wakaf ditadbir oleh Majlis Agama Islam Negeri (MAIN) di negeri masing-masing. Namun, dewasa ini wakaf sering dikaitkan dengan masalah tadbir urus rentetan daripada kelompongan yang terdapat dalam tadbir urus institusi wakaf itu sendiri. Seiring dengan kebangkitan institusi wakaf mutakhir ini, maka panggilan ke arah pengamalan tadbir urus yang baik dan amalan terbaik wakaf semakin terserlah. Ini kerana amalan terbaik tadbir urus yang baik perlu diadaptasi oleh MAIN lantaran ia merupakan antara faktor kejayaan yang bersifat kritikal untuk menghidupkan semula institusi wakaf di Malaysia. Artikel ini bertujuan membincangkan transformasi tadbir urus Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Perlis (MAIPs) selaku institusi yang menguruskan wakaf di negeri Perlis. Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif dan menggunapakai reka bentuk kajian kes. Dalam menganalisa data kajian, penulis menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan. Data kajian dikumpul melalui dokumen dan temu bual separa struktur bersama pegawai-pegawai wakaf di MAIPs. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa MAIPs telah melalui beberapa fasa transformasi tadbir urus yang positif dalam menguruskan wakaf di Perlis. Kejayaan tadbir urus yang diimplementasikan oleh MAIPs merupakan bukti bahawa MAIPs bersikap proaktif dalam mengurus dan mentadbir wakaf di negeri Perlis. Implikasi kajian ini dapat membantu pembuat dasar, pentadbir dan pengurus institusi wakaf untuk menambahbaik sistem tadbir urus yang sedia ada agar wakaf dapat dimartabatkan dan dimanfaatkan untuk umat Islam di Malaysia secara keseluruhannya. ABSTRACT Waqf is any property that the donor retains right over the property from any sale, inheritance, grant and will, at the same time retaining his physical source for welfare with the intention of bringing the donor closer to Allah SWT. In Malaysia, waqf is governed by the State Islamic Religious Council (SIRC) in their respective states. However recently, these waqf are often associated with stringent governance problems resulting from the gaps inherent in the governance of the waqf institution itself. With the rise of the modern waqf institution, the call for good governance practices and the best practices of waqf is growing. This is because good governance practices need to be adapted by SIRC as it is one of the critical success factors for revitalizing the waqf institution in Malaysia. This article is intended to discuss the governance transformation of the Perlis Islamic Religious and Malay Customs Council (MAIPs) as the institution that administers waqf in the state of Perlis. This study is a qualitative study with case study designation. In analyzing the research data, the authors use the content analysis method. The data were collected through documents and semi-structured interviews with MAIPs officers. The result shows that MAIPs has gone through several phases of positive governance transformation in managing waqf in Perlis. The success of the governance implemented by MAIPs is a proof that MAIPs is proactive in managing and administering wakaf in Perlis. The implication of this study is to help policy makers, administrators and managers of the waqf institution to improve the existing governance system so that waqf can be fully utilized for Muslims in Malaysia.

A Working Definition of Mind

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Farr
Keyword(s):  
Working Definition ◽  
Definition Of

COMPETENCE APPROACH IN EUROPEAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: ESSENCE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS (ARCHETYPAL ASPECT)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Martha Ivanivna Karpa
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
European Public ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of

The article reveals the main features of the competence approach in the practice of European public administration. The features of the competence approach in public administration are determined on the basis of analysis of the basic concepts of public administration. In the dynamics of the formation and development of popular theories of interaction between state and local authorities, such as the theory of a free community, community (public) and public and state (the theory of municipal dualism), we can trace a number of characteristic features of a competency approach, which manifests itself both through the general theoretical relations and manifestations, and through the practice of coexistence of public authorities. There is a problem of definition and distribution of public functions as a prerequisite for defining and shaping the competences of public institutions. An important issue in the context of a competent approach is the institutional consolidation of functions in the context of the existence of the basic models of territorial organization of power. In each of the varieties of the Governance concept (Responsive Governance concept, Democratic Governance concept, Good Governance concept), the specifics of the use of competencies are defined. The archetypal symbols in the European public administration are singled out using the analysis of competence in public administration in its main constituents. A brief description of the archetypal aspect of European public administration is given. The main components of competence are shown in connection with the existing archetypal symbols and the characteristic trends of their development. Their connection is shown according to the scheme “the entity component (who?) — the object component (what?) — the administrative component (how?) — the basis (in what environment?)”. Concerning the trends of development of a competence approach in the context of practice and theory of public administration, it is determined that modern concepts of public administration are characterized by shifting the balance between state and public institutions to the sphere of common goals and tasks, and thus responsibility. The joint activity of all subjects of society requires new forms of cooperation, definition of the spheres and subjects of each entity’s activity for effective cooperation, distribution of functions and competences of the entities, formation and consolidation of their status characteristics.

Establishing a Working Definition of User Experience for eHealth Interventions: A Scoping Review of Self-Reported User Experience Measures and Delphi Consultation with eHealth Researchers and Adolescents (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda S Newton ◽  
Sonja March ◽  
Nicole D Gehring ◽  
Arlen K Rowe ◽  
Ashley D Radomski
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Perceived Impact ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ehealth Intervention

BACKGROUND Across eHealth intervention studies involving children, adolescents, and their parents, researchers have measured users’ experiences to assist with intervention development, refinement, and evaluation. To date, there are no widely agreed-on definitions or measures of ‘user experience’ to support a standardized approach for evaluation and comparison within or across interventions. OBJECTIVE We conducted a scoping review with subsequent Delphi consultation to (1) identify how user experience is defined and measured in eHealth research studies, (2) characterize the measurement tools used, and (3) establish working definitions for domains of user experience that could be used in future eHealth evaluations. METHODS We systematically searched electronic databases for published and gray literature available from January 1, 2005 to April 11, 2019. Studies assessing an eHealth intervention that targeted any health condition and was designed for use by children, adolescents, and their parents were eligible for inclusion. eHealth interventions needed to be web-, computer-, or mobile-based, mediated by the internet with some degree of interactivity. Studies were also required to report the measurement of ‘user experience’ as first-person experiences, involving cognitive and behavioural factors, reported by intervention users. Two reviewers independently screened studies for relevance and appraised the quality of user experience measures using published criteria: ‘well-established’, ‘approaching well-established’, ‘promising’, or ‘not yet established’. We conducted a descriptive analysis of how user experience was defined and measured in each study. Review findings subsequently informed the survey questions used in the Delphi consultations with eHealth researchers and adolescent users for how user experience should be defined and measured. RESULTS Of the 8,634 articles screened for eligibility, 129 and one erratum were included in the review. Thirty eHealth researchers and 27 adolescents participated in the Delphi consultations. Based on the literature and consultations, we proposed working definitions for six main user experience domains: acceptability, satisfaction, credibility, usability, user-reported adherence, and perceived impact. While most studies incorporated a study-specific measure, we identified ten well-established measures to quantify five of the six domains of user experience (all except for self-reported adherence). Our adolescent and researcher participants ranked perceived impact as one of the most important domains of user experience and usability as one of the least important domains. Rankings between adolescents and researchers diverged for other domains. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the various ways user experience has been defined and measured across studies and what aspects are most valued by researchers and adolescent users. We propose incorporating the working definitions and available measures of user experience to support consistent evaluation and reporting of outcomes across studies. Future studies can refine the definitions and measurement of user experience, explore how user experience relates to other eHealth outcomes, and inform the design and use of human-centred eHealth interventions.

The New Governance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. W. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
British Government ◽  
New Governance ◽  
New Public ◽  
Cybernetic System ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Self Organizing

The chapter reviews the several definitions of governance: the minimal state; corporate governance; the new public management, ‘good’ governance; a socio-cybernetic system. It then stipulates a definition of governance as self-organizing, inter-organizational networks. It argues there is a trend from government to governance in British government because of the hollowing-out pressures and the tools for intergovernmental management are integral to effective steering. Policy networks are already widespread. This trend is not widely recognized and has important implications not only for the practice of British government but also for democratic accountability. Governance as self-organizing networks is a challenge to governability because the networks can become autonomous and resist central guidance. They are set fair to become the prime example of governing without government.

scholarly journals What is Salience?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 713-722
Author(s):  
Vincent Boswijk ◽  
Matt Coler
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractA commonly used concept in linguistics is salience. Oftentimes it is used without definition, and the meaning of the concept is repeatedly assumed to be self-explanatory. The definitions that are provided may vary greatly from one operationalization of salience to the next. In order to find out whether it is possible to postulate an overarching working definition of linguistic salience that subsumes usage across linguistic subdomains, we review these different operationalizations of linguistic salience. This article focuses on salience in sociolinguistics, cognitive linguistics, second-language acquisition (SLA), and semantics. In this article, we give an overview of how these fields operationalize salience. Finally, we discuss correlations and contradictions between the different operationalizations.

In Search of a Standard: References to the Rule of Law in the Case-law of the European Court of Human Rights

ICL Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-69
Author(s):  
Eszter Polgári
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
European Court ◽  
Structured Analysis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Grand Chamber

AbstractThe present article maps the explicit references to the rule of law in the jurisprudence of the ECtHR by examining the judgments of the Grand Chamber and the Plenary Court. On the basis of the structured analysis it seeks to identify the constitutive elements of the Court’s rule of law concept and contrast it with the author’s working definition and the position of other Council of Europe organs. The review of the case-law indicates that the Court primarily associates the rule of law with access to court, judicial safeguards, legality and democracy, and it follows a moderately thick definition of the concept including formal, procedural and some substantive elements. The rule of law references are predominantly ancillary arguments giving weight to other Convention-based considerations and it is not applied as a self-standing standard.

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