scholarly journals What’s in a Word? Just vs. Fair vs. Appropriate Earnings for Self and Others

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jule Adriaans ◽  
Stefan Liebig ◽  
Clara Sabbagh ◽  
Guillermina Jasso
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Clear Pattern ◽  
Question Wording ◽  
Sense Of Justice ◽  
Justice Evaluation

AbstractDespite Rawls’ famous call to distinguish between justice and fairness, these and other justice-related words often seem to be used interchangeably by both ordinary people and justice researchers. Based on a survey-embedded question wording experiment (N = 4534) fielded in Germany as part of the GESIS Panel, we explore the effects of three justice words— “just,” “fair,” and “appropriate”—on the sense of justice about earnings for self and others. We observe differences in the just reward, justice evaluation, and justice consequences by justice word. For example, justice evaluations of one’s own earnings are more negative, i.e., deeper in the underreward territory, signaling larger just rewards, when using “just” instead of “fair” or “appropriate” in the question wording. No such clear pattern emerges for justice evaluations of others’ earnings. Our analyses show the decreasing effect of an underreward situation on psychosocial health to be significantly stronger in the “just” condition compared to the “fair” condition but do not reveal differential consequences by justice word for measures of satisfaction and trust. Overall, the observed differences by justice words are moderate in size. Nonetheless, our findings suggest caution for justice researchers in communicating with peers and respondents and warrant further inquiry extending research on the role of “justice language” to other language–country contexts.

The reasons of the unreasonable: Is political liberalism still an option?

2021 ◽  
pp. 019145372110405
Author(s):  
Benedetta Giovanola ◽  
Roberta Sala
Keyword(s):  
Political Liberalism ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Public Justification ◽  
Respect For Persons ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Liberal Societies ◽  
Harsh Criticism ◽  
Sense Of Justice

In this study, we claim that political liberalism, despite harsh criticism, is still the best option available for providing a just and stable society. However, we maintain that political liberalism needs to be revised so as to be justifiable from the perspective of not only the “reasonable” in a Rawlsian sense (that we define as “fully” reasonable) but also the ones whom Rawls labels as “unreasonable.” To support our claim, going beyond Rawls’s original account, we unpack the concept of unreasonableness and identify three different subsets that we label as the “partially reasonable,” the “non-reasonable,” and the “unreasonable.” We argue that both the “fully” reasonable and the “partially reasonable” would be included into the constituency of public justification; more specifically, we claim that the latter would support liberal institutions out of their reasons: we define these reasons as mutually intelligible reasons and claim that they allow to acknowledge the importance of a convergence approach to public justification. As for the “non-reasonable” and “unreasonable,” we claim that they cannot be included in the constituency of public justification, but they nonetheless could be compliant with liberal institutions if political liberalism offers them some reasons to comply: here, we claim that political liberalism should include them through engagement and propose reasoning from conjecture as an effecting way of offering reasons for compliance. In particular, we claim that through reasoning from conjecture, the “non-reasonable” could find conciliatory reasons to comply with liberal institutions on a stable base. With regard to the “unreasonable” in the strict sense, we claim that through reasoning from conjecture, their unreasonableness could be contained and they could find reasons—even if just self-interested—for complying with liberal institutions rather than defying them. In our discussion, we consider the different subsets not as “frozen” but as dynamic and open to change, and we aim to propose a more complex and multilayered approach to inclusion that would be able to include a wider set of people. To strengthen our argument, we show that the need for a wider public justification and for broader inclusion in liberal societies is grounded in respect for persons both as equal persons and as particular individuals. In particular, we claim that individuals’ values, ends, commitments, and affiliations activate demands of respect and can strengthen the commitment to the liberal–democratic order. Through a reformulation of the role of respect in liberal societies, we also show a kind of social and communitarian dimension that, we claim, is fully compatible with political liberalism and opens it up to “civic friendship” and “social solidarity,” which are constitutive elements for the development of a sense of justice and for the realization of a just and stable society.

Religious-Commitment Signaling and Impression Management amongst Pentecostals: Relationships to Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-Amylase

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 299-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Dana Lynn ◽  
Jason Joseph Paris ◽  
Cheryl Anne Frye ◽  
Lawrence M. Schell
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Socially Desirable Responding ◽  
Biological Stress ◽  
Communal Orientation ◽  
Willingness To Cooperate

Religious-commitment signaling is thought to indicate willingness to cooperate with a religious group. It follows that a desire to signal affiliation and reap concomitant benefits would lend itself to acting in socially desirable ways. Success or failure in such areas, especially where there is conscious intent, should correspond to proximal indicators of well-being, such as psychosocial or biological stress. To test this model, we assessed religious-commitment signaling and socially desirable responding among a sample of Pentecostals with respect to salivary biomarkers of stress and arousal. Results indicate that cortisol levels on worship and non-worship days were significantly influenced by religious-commitment signaling when moderated by impression management, a conscious form of socially desirable responding. No significant influences on salivary alpha-amylase were detected. These findings are important for understanding how religious-commitment signaling mechanisms may influence stress response when moderated by socially desirable responding and the role of communal orientation to psychosocial health.

scholarly journals Can philosophy contribute to a change of ethos? (The road from the law of the ethos toward European law

2003 ◽  
pp. 117-135
Author(s):  
Jovan Arandjelovic
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
European Law ◽  
The Road ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The Law ◽  
Sense Of Justice ◽  
New Criteria

The author examines the character of the changes taking place in contemporary Serbian society. He emphasizes at the same time that contemporary Serbian philosophy is facing these crucial questions as well, which without it cannot be even addressed, let alone solved. The key difference between modern West European and contemporary Serbian societies, seen from the perspective of philosophy, is demonstrated most clearly in the manner of constituting institutions and transforming the modern Serbian society. In the process of building modern institutions philosophy, not just in our country but throughout the Slavic East, has not had the role it played in Europe. Here lies the explanation why natural consciousness and an original ethos, though considerably modified, still remain unadapted and today represent a major obstacle to the establishment of the rule of European law. Without a change in the sense of justice and respect for the law it is impossible to accomplish the transformation of the society in which the law recognized by a democratic state could not be super ordinate to any reason. The crucial role of philosophy in this process is seen by the author not only in establishing modern European institutions and acceptance of the principle of European legislation, but above all in its influence on the transformation of the original ethos and establishment of new criteria on which the reflection, decision making and action of any individual would be based. .

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF “KERAPATAN ADAT NAGARI (KAN)” IN SOLVING THE DISPUTE OF COMMUNAL LAND

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Faisal Bukhari
Keyword(s):  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Religious Philosophy ◽  
Land Disputes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Communal Land ◽  
Sense Of Justice

According to miankabaunese’s traditional law, when a dispute or disagreement occurs in a community, it is resolved by consensus among members of the clan or clan leaders which ends in the fellowship of local custom assosiation called with “Kerapatan Adat Nagari (KAN)”. The problem formulation of this research is; what is the role of Kerapatan Adat Nagari (KAN) in resolving communal land (tanah Ulayat) disputes in one of local villager called Kenagarian Bukik Sikumpa, Lima Puluh Kota Regency? and how the efforts of Kerapatan Adat Nagari (KAN) to overcome obstacles in resolving communal land disputes in Kenagarian Bukik Sikumpa, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. The method of the research is an empirical juridical approach. The conclusion of research is that the role of Kerapatan Adat Nagari (KAN) of Bukik Sikumpa of Lima Puluh Kota district is as the mediator any disputes where the provisions of Perda No. 7 of 2018 as the legal basis. This provision declares that every local villagers have to prioritie in conducting local wisdom deliberation as solving problem among the family, community, and tribal levels. Kerapatan Adat Nagari (KAN) acts as an intermediary in resolving disputes if these three domains of local deliberation have been taken by the disputing families. Due to local religious philosophy "Adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah", every customari chiefs whether they are members of the Kerapatan Adat Nagari (KAN) or who are not, should increase the sense of justice and be wiser for people's trust restoration.

scholarly journals SCIENTISTS OF YEKATERINBURG AS ACTORS PROMOTING THE MOVEMENT FOR THE PRESERVATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
E.V. Zaitseva ◽  
◽  
E.A. Azorkin ◽  
A.N. Alekseychik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Industrial Heritage ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Industrial Regions

Yet several decades ago the term “industrial heritage” was unknown not only to ordinary people, but also to many scientists. However, the transition from an industrial society to a postindustrial one arouses interest in the objects of the former industrial territories. Over the past twenty years, a number of interesting theoretical and applied studies of the industrial heritage of old industrial regions have been formed. These studies raise the problems of the industrial heritage of Russia and its regions, reveal the potential of territories of cultural and historical significance, describe infrastructural complexes and industrial objects of the past. The article describes the role of scholars from one of the main industrial regions of Russia, the Urals, in the popularization of the industrial heritage through theoretical and empirical research. Primary attention is paid to the analysis of the main directions of this activity, presented in publications by various representatives of the scientific community, which form the scientific and cultural background of the topic of preserving the industrial heritage of Russia. There is a large scientific community in Yekaterinburg, represented by many scholars, including Professor V.V. Zapariy, national representative of Russia in TICCIH (the International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage), writing on this topic, which is relevant for the industrial region.

scholarly journals An innovative cardiopulmonary resuscitation mannequin for common people

MEDISAINS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Runi Pramesti Putri ◽  
Endiyono Endiyono
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Led Lights ◽  
And Training

Background: The success of basic life support is determined by the role of the individual(s) who first encountered a patient with a heart attack, and he will be a helper in the situation. Lack of socialization and training for laypeople makes them unable to implement a right first aid in cases of cardiac arrest. There is a need for innovations in cardiac, pulmonary resuscitation for ordinary people to facilitate them in practicing compression measures.Technique: CPR mannequin is made of a plywood material in the shape of the human body; it is 34 cm long, 34 cm wide, and 6.5 cm high. There are 2 LED lights to detect the accuracy of the compression depth.Conclusion: CPR mannequin can facilitate and improve the skills of laypeople in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation

scholarly journals Pemidanaan Terhadap Pelaku Yang Melakukan Penyalah Guna Narkotika

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-149
Author(s):  
Dewi Untari Dewi ◽  
Nys. Arfa
Keyword(s):  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
The Public ◽  
Group I ◽  
Time Served ◽  
National Police ◽  
Sense Of Justice

ABSTRAK Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana terhadap pelaku penyalahguna narkotika. Tipe penelitian adalah yuridis empiris. Berdasarkan penelitian, ditemukan bahwa tindakan terdakwa telah memenuhi unsur-unsur dari syarat pemidanaan atau telah memenuhi ketentuan penerapan sanksi terhadap tindak pidana penyalahguna Narkotika Golongan I jenis shabu-shabu. Dalam Putusan yang di teliti, hakim menjatuhkan pidana penjara selama 8 (delapan) bulan. Seharusnya Hakim tidak hanya mempertimbangkan fakta yuridis, fakta persidangan dan fakta sosiologis para terdakwa tetapi juga peranan para terdakwa dalam tindak pidana karena tindak pidana dilakukan lebih dari 1 orang. Hakim seharusnya menjatuhkan pidana yang lebih berat terhadap Rida Susana dan Jasrul Harja dibanding Syahrul Yanto karena yang memulai perbuatan pidana ini adalah Rida Susana dan Jasrul Harja sebagai seorang anggota Polri. Oleh karena itu dalam menjatuhkan beratnya pidana terhadap para terdakwa, hakim diharapkan untuk lebih mempertimbangkan peranan terdakwa dalam tindak pidana agar menimbulkan efek jera dan rasa keadilan baik bagi para terdakwa dan masyarakat. ABSTRAK This article aims to discuss the basis for the judges’ consideration in imposing sanction against narcotics offender. The type of research is empirical juridical. It is found that the actions of the defendant had fulfilled the provisions for the application of sanctions against the abuse of Narcotics Group I. In the verdict examined, the judge sentenced him imprisonment for 8 (eight) months. Judges should not only consider the juridical facts, the facts of the trial and the sociological facts of the defendants but also the role of the defendants in the criminal act as the crime was committed by more than 1 person. Judges should have imposed more severe penalties on Rida Susana and Jasrul Harja compared to Syahrul Yanto, as those who started the crime were Rida Susana and Jasrul Harja while in the same time served as member of the National Police. Therefore, in sentencing the sanction against the defendants, the judges are expected to better consider the role of the defendants in the crime in order to create a deterrent effect and sense of justice both for the defendants and the public.

scholarly journals Reasons for Doing Physical Exercise Mediating in the Role of Self-Esteem in Uncontrolled Eating in Nursing Personnel

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes ◽  
María del Mar Molero Jurado ◽  
María del Mar Simón Márquez ◽  
José Jesús Gázquez Linares
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Multiple Mediation ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Healthy Work Environments ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

Background: Since the beginning of the 20th century, the importance of creating healthy work environments and promoting the health of workers in the healthcare sector to create Healthy and Resilient Organizations has been emphasized. In this context, self-esteem is an essential construct which influences health and healthy life styles, and therefore, the general wellbeing of nurses. The objective of this study was to analyze the mediating role of reasons for exercising in the effect that self-esteem has on uncontrolled eating by nursing professionals. Methods: The sample was made up of 1094 nurses who were administered the Rosenberg General Self-esteem Scale, the Goal Content for Exercise Questionnaire and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18. Results: Bivariate correlation analysis and multiple mediation analysis showed that self-esteem has direct and indirect effects on uncontrolled eating. More so, self-esteem predicts doing physical exercise to improve one’s image, recognition and social affiliation, although the effects on uncontrolled eating were only significant through image. Conclusions: The results have important practical implications in the framework of Positive Occupational Health Psychology (POHP) as it emphasizes self-esteem, physical exercise and eating as essential aspects of the health and wellbeing of employees in the healthcare sector, highlighting the importance of creating organizations committed to promoting the psychosocial health of their workers.

scholarly journals THE PLACE OF LOCALITY FOR IDENTITY IN THE NATION: MINORITY NARRATIVES OF COSMOPOLITAN ISTANBUL

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 401a-401a
Author(s):  
Amy Mills
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Politics Of Identity ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Nationalism And Identity ◽  
Muslim Minorities

A greater understanding of the politics of nationalism and identity must consider the importance of locality. This research, conducted among Muslims and non-Muslim minorities in Istanbul, Turkey, and Tel Aviv, Israel, relies on place narratives of Istanbul during the mid-20th century, when Istanbul was transforming into a predominantly Muslim, “Turkish” city. Place narratives reveal the multiplicity of interpretations of the national past and are thus a powerful resource for examining the cultural politics of identity in the national present. This research contributes to studies of national identity, which have traditionally focused on the top-down role of the state in producing the nation, by examining the processes through which ordinary people make meaning of the state-authored nation. I conclude that place-based relationships can transcend national/minority frameworks for identity, as shared ties to local place create feelings of common belonging among diverse residents

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