scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Pelagic and Benthic Fishes of Ogbese River, Ondo State, South-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Omowumi Olayinka-Olagunju ◽  
Adekunle A. Dosumu ◽  
Adetola Mary Olatunji-Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fish Organs ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Human Pollution

AbstractThe bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of heavy metal (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, and As) concentrations in benthic and pelagic fish organs (muscles, gills, liver, and hearts), and concentrations of heavy metals in water and sediments of Ogbese River, Ondo State, Nigeria were investigated. From the results, the concentrations of heavy metals in the water were within the permissible limits stipulated by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, in the sediments, Cd, Cr, Fe, and Mn concentrations were higher than the limits, while Zn, As, Pb, and Cu were within limits. Heavy metals concentrations in the fish organs showed that all fish species were within the permissible limits implying no contamination. More so, the BAFs in all fish organs revealed no probability of accumulation while the geoaccumulation index and contamination factor showed no contamination to moderate contamination. The potential ecological risk index also showed moderate risk factor indicating that the water and sediments were not extremely polluted for higher organisms but may be toxic for lower ones. The study concludes that constant monitoring and study should be conducted by researchers and the Ministry of Water Resource and that the community should be aware of the danger human pollution can cause to the river.

scholarly journals Geochemistry pollution status and ecotoxicological risk assessment of heavy metals in the Pahang River sediment after the high magnitude of flood event

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. Lim ◽  
N. A. Zakaria ◽  
K. Y. Foo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
River Sediment ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Pollution Status

Abstract The present work is aimed at assessing the aftermath effects of the 2014 flood tragedy on the distribution, pollution status and ecological risks of the heavy metals deposited in the surface river sediment. A series of environmental pollution indexes, specifically the enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), modified degree of contamination (mCd), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (PERI) and sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) have been adopted. Results revealed that the freshly deposited sediments collected soon after the flood event were dominated by Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cr and Cd, with the average concentrations of 38.74, 16,892, 17.71, 4.65, 29.22, 42.36 and 0.29 mg/kg, respectively. According to the heavy metal pollution indexes, Pahang River sediments were moderately to severely contaminated with Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cr, while Cd with the highest risk of 91.09 was the predominant element that illustrated an aesthetic ecological risk to the water body after the tragic flood event. The findings highlighted a critical deterioration of the heavy metals content, driven by the catastrophic flood event, which has drastically altered their geochemical cycles, sedimentary pollution status and biochemical balance of the river's environment.

scholarly journals Quality assessment of some bottled water produced in Okitipupa, Ondo state, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Folorunso Femi Adekunle ◽  
Folorunso Aderonke Similoluwa ◽  
Oyebamiji Abel Kolawole ◽  
Akintelu Sunday Adewale
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bottle Water ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Health Organization

The aim of this study was to assess the safety level of some bottled water produced in Okitipupa, Ondo State Nigeria. Several packs of bottled water were obtained from three different manufacturers. Some physicochemical parameters and heavy metals were investigated to assess the quality of the bottle water using standard methods. The results from the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals were in with World Health Organization (WHO) standard for drinking water when compared. This study confirmed that the analyzed bottled water has good quality. Therefore, these bottled water are said to be safe for drinking.

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Selected Cereals Grown Near Illegal Mine Sites at Poyentanga in Wa of the Upper West Region, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfred Etsey Sebiawu ◽  
Mensah Jackson Napolean ◽  
Emmanuel Amankwah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Illegal Mining ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Mine Sites ◽  
Health Organization

 The contamination of cereals by heavy metals due to illegal mining activities in most farming communities has been a major challenge to food production in Ghana. The research is thus to examine bio-accumulation of heavy metals (Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pd) and Zinc (Zn)) concentration in Maize and Millet grown near illegal mining sites at Poyentanga. The study area was divided into five farming zones (farm 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) and soil and crop samples were taken from each of the zones to the laboratory for analysis using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer and the results compared to World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits. The results indicated presence of the selected heavy metals in the cereals and soils sampled from the community. Cd, Pb and Fe concentrations in the cereals were found to be above the WHO permissible limits whereas As and Zn concentrations were below. The soil concentrations of all the five heavy metals were extremely below the WHO permissible limits. It was also observed that farms near the mining sites have higher concentrations with the concentration in the maize being lower than that of Millet. The contamination levels in both cereals are as follows: Zn < As < Fe < Pb < Cd. The bioaccumulation ratio indicated that Cd, As and Pb levels were higher in Millet whereas Fe and Zn were highest in the Maize. These results therefore show that the consumption of these cereals for a very long time could have adverse health effect on the community and an indication that activities of illegal mining could thus affect the quality and safety of food produced in many farming communities. The research was concluded with recommendations to improve agricultural activities in such communities.

Soil contamination and ecological risk of heavy metals in alkaline vineyard soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhung Thi Ha Pham ◽  
Izabella Babcsányi ◽  
Andrea Farsang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Vineyard Soil ◽  
Enrichment Process

&lt;p&gt;The soil utilized for grape growing not only has faced the pollution problems but also could be suffered ecological risk by heavy metals from chemical fertilizers and Cu-fungicides. H&amp;#233;tsz&amp;#337;l&amp;#337; vineyard (1.4 ha) with an alkaline reaction in soil (the average soil pH of the 0-10 cm soil layer was 8.02), which is located along and on the southern slope of Tokaj-hill, Tokaj-Hegyalja, Hungary was chosen as study area of this study. The total concentration of heavy metals, enrichment factors (EFs), pollution load index (PLI) and contamination factor (CF) were used to assess the current status and pollution degree of heavy metals in vineyard soil. Besides, the potential ecological risk would be evaluated via the ecological risk factor (Ei) of an individual metal (Zn, Pb, Co, Ni, Cr, Cu) and the potential ecological risk index (PER) of all studied metals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Analysis results showed that all of the heavy metals had lower total contents on average compared with the Hungarian background and pollution limits (Joint Decree (6/2009. (IV. 14) KvVM-E&amp;#252;M-FVM and 10/2000. (VI. 2) K&amp;#246;M-E&amp;#252;M-FVM-KHVM), except for Cu (36.19 mg/kg), Ni (36.50 mg/kg) and Cr (60.26 mg/kg). Thus, the topsoil of H&amp;#233;tsz&amp;#337;l&amp;#337; vineyard in Tokaj was contaminated by Ni, Cr, and Cu at a moderate level. EF analysis (Sc as reference element) reflected that Cu (EF = 2.70) was enriched moderately, in contrast Zn (EF = 1.22), Pb (EF = 1.05), Co (EF = 1.00) were not enriched in the vineyard topsoils. Although EF of Ni and Cr obtained at Tokaj were 1.66 and 2.30 respectively, EF&lt;sub&gt;min&lt;/sub&gt; of these studied metals were around 1 and they EF&lt;sub&gt;max &lt;/sub&gt;were higher than 2 demonstrated that these elements were enriched at some positions. The general assessment of EFs of all soil samples illustrated the anthropogenic origin of Cu, Cr, and Ni while Zn, Pb, and Co were enriched mainly from the geogenic process; and the enrichment process of heavy metals occurred more strongly at the bottom of the slope. CF, which was determined, could be divided into two groups in value, in which CF &amp;#8804; 1 presented a low contamination for Pb (CF = 0.71); Co (CF = 1.00), and 1 &lt; CF &lt; 3 was a moderate contamination for remaining metals Zn, Ni, Cr and Cu with CF figures were 1.06, 1.68, 2.28 and 2.08, respectively. Besides, the topsoil of H&amp;#233;tsz&amp;#337;l&amp;#337; vineyard was considered in the moderate pollution status with FLI was 1.35. The results of Ei indicated that all heavy metal in the topsoil of vineyard showed a low ecological risk, with the descending order of contaminants was Cu (10.38) &gt; Ni (10.07) &gt; Co (4.98) &gt; Cr (4.55) &gt; Pb (3.54) &gt; Zn (1.06). In addition, the mean PER was 34.59 and it revealed a low ecological risk for all metals in the vineyard soil. Even though there was a low potential ecological risk, the moderate level pollution of heavy metals, enrichment process, and the continuous using chemical compounds in viticulture could cause serious risk pollution by heavy metals in the future.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Deposited Particulate Matter Enrichment in Heavy Metals and Related Health Risk: A Case Study of Krakow, Poland

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

The aim of these investigations was to determine the impact of heavy metals bound with deposited particulate matter (PM) on contamination degree and related toxicological effects by calculating enrichment indices, namely, the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), and enrichment factor (EF), as well as the ecological risk index (ERI) and modified hazard quotient (mHQ). Calculations were made based on the selected element concentrations determined in deposited PM samples in Krakow. The results of the investigations revealed that deposited PM was enriched in heavy metals. As Igeo provides information on the level of metal accumulation, it was found that deposited PM was practically uncontaminated with Be, Cd, and Tl (class 0) but heavily to extremely contaminated (class 5) with Co and Sn and extremely contaminated (class 6) with As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn. On the other hand, the calculated values of CF revealed very high contamination of deposited PM with Cd and Zn, considerable contamination with Sn, Pb, and As, and moderate contamination with Cu and Li. Values of calculated EF revealed that among the investigated elements, only Zn originated from anthropogenic sources. For Cd, a small influence of anthropogenic sources was observed. For Pb and Sn, non-crustal sources of emission were expected. The calculated ERI values indicated potential ecological risk levels that were very high for Cd and considerable for Zn, as well as low potential ecological risk for As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Tl. Moreover, the calculated mHQ values of severity of contamination were extreme for Zn, considerable for Cr, and moderate for As, Cu, and Pb. The analysis revealed that the impact of atmospheric and re-suspended PM on inhabitants constitutes a complex effect of a mixture of heavy metals simultaneously affecting human health.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of Chalan Beel Wetland Area in Bangladesh

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdus Salam ◽  
Mohammad Ashraful Alam ◽  
Sulav Indra Paul ◽  
Fatama Islam ◽  
Dinesh Chandra Shaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Significant Enrichment ◽  
The Mean

This study aimed to determine the levels and possible sources of heavy metals (HMs) in the sediments of Chalan beel (a large lake-like aquatic ecosystem) area located in the northwestern part of Bangladesh. The mean concentrations (mg kg−1) of two HMs, Cd (6.22) and Pb (51.39) exceeded the world normal averages (WNA), whereas the mean concentrations (mg kg−1) of Ni (60.46), Zn (10.75), Mn (8.64) and Cu (4.71) were below the WNA. The sediments showed significant enrichment with Cd, Pb and Ni in the studied area. The geo-accumulation index values of Cd (3.72) and Pb (0.76) were significantly higher in the sediments. The contamination factor and potential ecological risk index values of Cd and Pb revealed that Chalan beel was extremely and moderately contaminated by these heavy metals, respectively. Analysis of dye complexes used in handlooms around the Chalan beel areas revealed that mean concentrations of Cd and Pb exceeded the WNA. Furthermore, analyses of principal component, cluster and correlation matrix indicated that the presence of the higher levels of Cd and Pb in the sediments might be linked to various anthropogenic activities like discharged dyes into the beel water from the nearby handloom dyeing factories.

scholarly journals “Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil of Chattogram Hill Tracts, Bangladesh and Concomitant Health Risk”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troyee Barua ◽  
AKM Saiful Islam Bhuian ◽  
Mayeen Uddin Khandaker ◽  
Nipa Deb ◽  
Shahadat Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals

Abstract The increased human population and associated activities may create a risk in the ecological balance of Chattogram Hill Tracts (CHT), Bangladesh via contamination of soil with toxic heavy metals. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess the concentration of heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Copper, Zinc, Iron, Manganese, Chromium and Nickel) in forest soils of the CHT area by using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The degree of contamination of soil was evaluated by five indices: geo-accumulation index (I geo ), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI). According to these criteria, these soils can be classified as moderately contaminated with some metals. Furthermore, the identification of pollution sources based on principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis have revealed that all analyzed metals are anthropogenic except Fe. Calculated hazard index>1 indicates the possibility of noncarcinogenic effect due to higher value of Fe. Carcinogenic risks through the ingestion, inhalation and dermal pathway for carcinogenic elements (Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni) shows a non-significant risk (CR<10 -6 ) for both children and adults living in the studied area. Measured data may help the policymakers to reduce the potential effects of soil contamination on eco-environment and human health.

scholarly journals Tortum Gölü Yüzey Sedimentlerindeki Metal Birikiminin Ekolojik İndeksler Yolu ile Kapsamlı Risk Değerlendirmesi

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Kürker
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Lake Catchment

In this study, ecological risks arising from the accumulation of some heavy metals in surface sediments of Lake Tortum are discussed based on the use of ecological indices, such as enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (PER) and the mean probable effect concentration quotient (mPEC-Q). Sediment samples were collected from six different sites using Van Veen grab and heavy metal and organic carbon content of sediments were determined. Results testify to the existence of minimal to moderate contamination in lake sediment. The highest value for the enrichment factor pertains to Cd caused by the use of fossil fuels in settlement areas in the lake catchment. PLI and PER estimations, on the other hand, reveals the presence of low heavy metals-induced ecological risk in lake sediments. Ranging between 15% and 29%, mPEC-Q values are indicative of the fact that Lake Tortum is a low-moderate priority site in terms of toxicity level caused by heavy metals.

scholarly journals Toxic Levels of Some Heavy Metals in Drinking Network Surface Water of Damietta Governorate, Egypt

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. M. EL-Bady
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract. In this paper, the heavy metals of the surface drinking water of Damietta governorate were evaluated. Damietta district, Farascore City, EL-Zarka City and Kafr Saad City are the main locations of drinking water pollution. The villages of the Damietta governorate have concentration values less than the permissible limits of World Health Organization (WHO) and Egyptian Ministry Health (EMH).

scholarly journals Heavy metals in soils and forage grasses irrigated with Vieira River water, Montes Claros, Brazil, contaminated with sewage wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Matheus Mendes Reis ◽  
Leonardo David Tuffi Santos ◽  
Ariovaldo José da Silva ◽  
Gevany Paulino de Pinho ◽  
Leonardo Michel Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
River Water ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Forage Grasses

 There is great concern with soil and plant contamination by heavy metals due to the use of polluted water in agricultural irrigation. In this study, areas irrigated with Vieira River water were evaluated as to contamination by As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. The Vieira River receives effluent from Montes Claros city, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. To do so, two irrigated areas were selected, one upstream and one downstream of the Montes Claros city. Wastewater discharge increased the concentration of As and Ni in the water of Vieira River, and consequently, of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soil and of As and Zn in forage grasses. However, the content of heavy metals in the soil did not exceed the internationally recommended limits. Pollution load index (PLI) and contamination factor (CF) indicated the existence of pollution and moderate contamination in downstream soils of the city of Montes Claros. Potential ecological risk index (RI) and ecological risk factor (Er) indicated a low ecological risk, but these indicators were higher in downstream soils of Montes Claros. Arsenic (As) was the only heavy metal that featured a transfer factor (TF) higher than the widespread values found in literature and positive geoaccumulation index (Igeo), indicative of anthropogenic pollution.

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