In situ reuse of logically extracted functional components

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Miles ◽  
Arun Lakhotia ◽  
Andrew Walenstein
Keyword(s):  
Functional Components

Experimental Investigation of Laser Sintering of Conductive Adhesive for Functional Prototypes Produced by Embedding Stereolithography

2014 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Bernd Niese ◽  
Philipp Amend ◽  
Uwe Urmoneit ◽  
Stephan Roth ◽  
Michael Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Damage ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Conductive Adhesive ◽  
Flexible Production ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Building Process ◽  
In Situ Generation ◽  
Functional Components

Embedding stereolithography (eSLA) is an additive, hybrid process, which provides a flexible production of 3D components and the ability to integrate electrical and optical conductive structures and functional components within parts. However, the embedding of conductive circuits in stereolithography (SLA) parts assumes usage of process technologies, which enables their direct integration of conductive circuits during the layer-wise building process. In this context, a promising method for in-situ generation of conductive circuits is dispensing of conductive adhesive on the current surface of the SLA part and its subsequent sintering. In this paper, the laser sintering (λ = 355 nm) of conductive adhesive mainly consisting of silver nanoparticles is investigated. The work intends to evaluate the curing behavior of the conductive adhesive, the beam-matter-interactions and the thermal damage of the SLA substrate. The investigations revealed a fast and flexible laser sintering process for the generation of conductive circuits with sufficient electrical conductivity and sufficient current capacity load. In this context, a characterization of the conductive structures is done by measuring their electrical resistance and their potential current capacity load.

Utilising Molecular Biological and Histopathological Techniques to Study the Dopaminergic System in Patients with Melancholia

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Hickie ◽  
Andrew Lloyd ◽  
Gavin Dixon ◽  
Denis Wakefield ◽  
Glenda Halliday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Functional Neuroanatomy ◽  
Postmortem Brain Tissue ◽  
Biochemical Systems ◽  
Functional Components

Objective:To describe the rationale for investigating the dopaminergic system in patients with melancholia by applying molecular biological (notably, in situ hybridisation) and histopathological techniques in postmortem brain tissue. Method:Relevant advances in the functional neuroanatomy of frontostriatal circuits, as well as insights from clinical neuroimaging studies in primary and secondary depressive disorders, are presented. These are integrated with developments in the pharmacological and molecular characteristics of dopamine receptor subtypes and recognition of their selective anatomical distribution. Results:Converging data from the basic and clinical neurosciences suggest that the pathophysiology of depressive disorders characterised by psychomotor phenomena, such as melancholia, may involve dysregulation of dopaminergic mechanisms within complex frontostriatal circuits. Conclusions:The key feature of in situ hybridisation is its capacity to test for variations in the functional components of designated biochemical systems within highly specific anatomical regions. We utilise this approach, in combination with relevant histopathological techniques, to test the structural and functional integrity of the dopaminergic system within key fronto-striatal circuits in patients who had exhibited psychomotor phenomena. The same approach can also be used to study the integrity of other relevant biochemical systems, such as the serotoninergic and noradrenergic systems, in patients with other mood disorders.

scholarly journals The rhodopsin-retinochrome system for retinal re-isomerization predates the origin of cephalopod eyes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Vöcking ◽  
Lucas Leclère ◽  
Harald Hausen
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Visual Cycle ◽  
Phylogenetic Distribution ◽  
Enzymatic Process ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Visual Rhodopsin

Abstract Background The process of photoreception in most animals depends on the light induced isomerization of the chromophore retinal, bound to rhodopsin. To re-use retinal, the all-trans-retinal form needs to be re-isomerized to 11-cis-retinal, which can be achieved in different ways. In vertebrates, this mostly includes a stepwise enzymatic process called the visual cycle. The best studied re-isomerization system in protostomes is the rhodopsin-retinochrome system of cephalopods, which consists of rhodopsin, the photoisomerase retinochrome and the protein RALBP functioning as shuttle for retinal. In this study we investigate the expression of the rhodopsin-retinochrome system and functional components of the vertebrate visual cycle in a polyplacophoran mollusk, Leptochiton asellus, and examine the phylogenetic distribution of the individual components in other protostome animals. Results Tree-based orthology assignments revealed that orthologs of the cephalopod retinochrome and RALBP are present in mollusks outside of cephalopods. By mining our dataset for vertebrate visual cycle components, we also found orthologs of the retinoid binding protein RLBP1, in polyplacophoran mollusks, cephalopods and a phoronid. In situ hybridization and antibody staining revealed that L. asellus retinochrome is co-expressed in the larval chiton photoreceptor cells (PRCs) with the visual rhodopsin, RALBP and RLBP1. In addition, multiple retinal dehydrogenases are expressed in the PRCs, which might also contribute to the rhodopsin-retinochrome system. Conclusions We conclude that the rhodopsin-retinochrome system is a common feature of mollusk PRCs and predates the origin of cephalopod eyes. Our results show that this system has to be extended by adding further components, which surprisingly, are shared with vertebrates.

scholarly journals Ceramic Material Processing Towards Future Space Habitat: Electric Current-Assisted Sintering of Lunar Regolith Simulant

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4128
Author(s):  
Xin Li Phuah ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Bruce Zhang ◽  
Jaehun Cho ◽  
Xinghang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Lunar Regolith ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Ferromagnetic Behavior ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Future Space ◽  
Conventional Sintering ◽  
Lunar Regolith Simulant ◽  
Functional Components

In situ utilization of available resources in space is necessary for future space habitation. However, direct sintering of the lunar regolith on the Moon as structural and functional components is considered to be challenging due to the sintering conditions. To address this issue, we demonstrate the use of electric current-assisted sintering (ECAS) as a single-step method of compacting and densifying lunar regolith simulant JSC-1A. The sintering temperature and pressure required to achieve a relative density of 97% and microhardness of 6 GPa are 700 °C and 50 MPa, which are significantly lower than for the conventional sintering technique. The sintered samples also demonstrated ferroelectric and ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. This study presents the feasibility of using ECAS to sinter lunar regolith for future space resource utilization and habitation.

Digital Design Automation to Support In-Situ Embedding of Functional Components in Additive Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Malviya ◽  
Swapnil Sinha ◽  
Nicholas A. Meisel
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Design Knowledge ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
In Situ Embedding

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) offers access to the entire volume of a printed artifact during the build operation. This makes it possible to embedding foreign components (e.g. sensors, motors, actuators) into AM parts, thus enabling multifunctional products directly from the build tray. However, the process of designing for embedding currently requires extensive designer expertise in AM. Current methods rely on a designer to select an orientation for the embedded component and design a cavity such that the component can be successfully embedded without compromising the print quality of the final part. For irregular geometries, additional design knowledge is required to prepare a shape converter: a secondary piece to ensure a flush deposition surface on top of the embedded component. This research aims to develop a tool to automate these different design decisions for in-situ embedding, thus reducing the need for expert design knowledge. A three-stage process is proposed to 1) find the optimum orientation based on cavity volume and cross-section area, 2) create the necessary cavity geometry to successfully insert the component, and 3) perform a Boolean operation to create the digital design for any requisite shape converter. Performance of the tool is demonstrated with four test cases with varying levels of geometric complexity. These test cases show that the proposed process successfully handles arbitrary embedded geometries, though several limitations are noted for future work.

scholarly journals Sustained Local Delivery of Diclofenac from Three-Dimensional Ultrafine Fibrous Protein Scaffolds with Ultrahigh Drug Loading Capacity

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
S. M. Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Ran Li ◽  
Yichao Wang ◽  
Narendra Reddy ◽  
Wanshuang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Loading ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Fibrous Scaffolds ◽  
Fibrous Protein ◽  
Loading Methods ◽  
Functional Components

The three-dimensional (3D) ultrafine fibrous scaffolds loaded with functional components can not only provide support to 3D tissue repair, but also deliver the components in-situ with small dosage and low fusion frequency. However, the conventional loading methods possess drawbacks such as low loading capacity or high burst release. In this research, an ultralow concentration phase separation (ULCPS) technique was developed to form 3D ultrafine gelatin fibers and, meanwhile, load an anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac, with high capacities for the long-term delivery. The developed scaffolds could achieve a maximum drug loading capacity of 12 wt.% and a highest drug loading efficiency of 84% while maintaining their 3D ultrafine fibrous structure with high specific pore volumes from 227.9 to 237.19 cm3/mg. The initial release at the first hour could be reduced from 34.7% to 42.2%, and a sustained linear release profile was observed with a rate of about 1% per day in the following 30 days. The diclofenac loaded in and released from the ULCPS scaffolds could keep its therapeutic molecular structure. The cell viability has not been affected by the release of drug when the loading was less than 12 wt.%. The results proved the possibility to develop various 3D ultrafine fibrous scaffolds, which can supply functional components in-situ with a long-term.

scholarly journals Gels serving as carriers for functional fillers and facilitating novel composite paper production

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 7313-7314
Author(s):  
Jingyi Nie ◽  
Shunxi Song ◽  
Jiantao Liang
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Synthesis ◽  
Fiber Suspension ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Functional Fillers ◽  
Functional Paper ◽  
Composite Paper

Functional fillers can facilitate the development of novel composite paper products for specific end uses. But using functional components as fillers by direct addition to the fiber suspension may fall short of the desired goals. The functional filler may fail to be efficiently retained. Gels can serve as carriers of functional paper fillers by coupling with them during in-situ synthesis and the gelation process. This strategy is favorable for the effective utilization of functional paper fillers, without hampering the intrinsic properties of paper. Additional merits of this strategy include versatility and compatibility with existing paper-making processes.

Rendez vous with Saturn's rings

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 743-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry T. Nock
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Low Thrust ◽  
Ring Plane ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Total Impulse ◽  
Saturn's Rings

ABSTRACTA mission to rendezvous with the rings of Saturn is studied with regard to science rationale and instrumentation and engineering feasibility and design. Future detailedin situexploration of the rings of Saturn will require spacecraft systems with enormous propulsive capability. NASA is currently studying the critical technologies for just such a system, called Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP). Electric propulsion is the only technology which can effectively provide the required total impulse for this demanding mission. Furthermore, the power source must be nuclear because the solar energy reaching Saturn is only 1% of that at the Earth. An important aspect of this mission is the ability of the low thrust propulsion system to continuously boost the spacecraft above the ring plane as it spirals in toward Saturn, thus enabling scientific measurements of ring particles from only a few kilometers.

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