Effect of Polyglycerol Esters of Fatty Acids on the Physicochemical Properties and Stability of β-Carotene Emulsions during Digestion in Simulated Gastric Fluid

Background: Alginate-based, raft-forming antacid products with reflux suppressant activity are complex formulations expected to achieve effective raft formation and cause elimination or displacement of the acid pocket, which is typically manifested in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Methods: In the present study, six alginate-based raft-forming products commercially available in the Indian market were compared in terms of their acid neutralization properties, strength, resilience and structural and thermal properties of their rafts. Percent alginate content was also determined.Results: Rafts of products containing calcium-based antacids formed voluminous, porous and floating rafts within seconds of addition to the simulated gastric fluid (SGF) compared with the products that contained aluminium and magnesium-based antacids. Marked differences were not evident in the ANC (acid neutralization capacity) values of the various products. No correlation was observed between ANC and raft-forming capacity or duration of neutralization. Raft structures affected their neutralization profiles. Rafts of porous and absorbent nature could retain their ANC probably due to release of trapped antacids. Further, raft strengths of only two products were above the British Pharmacopoeia specification of not less than 7.5 g. Sodium alginate content was within specifications (85-115%) for three of the six products.Conclusions: Raft-forming formulations with higher alginate content and calcium-based antacids have better physicochemical properties such as ANC, neutralization profiles, raft strength and raft resilience than those with lower alginate content or those containing aluminium or magnesium-based antacids.

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Formulation of Quaternized Aminated Chitosan Nanoparticles for Efficient Encapsulation and Slow Release of Curcumin

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020449 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 449

Author(s):

Ahmed M. Omer ◽

Zyta M. Ziora ◽

Tamer M. Tamer ◽

Randa E. Khalifa ◽

Mohamed A. Hassan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Slow Release ◽

Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Gastric Fluid ◽

Release Profile ◽

Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽

Maximum Value ◽

Structure Surface ◽

Drug Encapsulation Efficiency

An effective drug nanocarrier was developed on the basis of a quaternized aminated chitosan (Q-AmCs) derivative for the efficient encapsulation and slow release of the curcumin (Cur)-drug. A simple ionic gelation method was conducted to formulate Q-AmCs nanoparticles (NPs), using different ratios of sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as an ionic crosslinker. Various characterization tools were employed to investigate the structure, surface morphology, and thermal properties of the formulated nanoparticles. The formulated Q-AmCs NPs displayed a smaller particle size of 162 ± 9.10 nm, and higher surface positive charges, with a maximum potential of +48.3 mV, compared to native aminated chitosan (AmCs) NPs (231 ± 7.14 nm, +32.8 mV). The Cur-drug encapsulation efficiency was greatly improved and reached a maximum value of 94.4 ± 0.91%, compared to 75.0 ± 1.13% for AmCs NPs. Moreover, the in vitro Cur-release profile was investigated under the conditions of simulated gastric fluid [SGF; pH 1.2] and simulated colon fluid [SCF; pH 7.4]. For Q-AmCs NPs, the Cur-release rate was meaningfully decreased, and recorded a cumulative release value of 54.0% at pH 7.4, compared to 73.0% for AmCs NPs. The formulated nanoparticles exhibited acceptable biocompatibility and biodegradability. These findings emphasize that Q-AmCs NPs have an outstanding potential for the delivery and slow release of anticancer drugs.

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Modelling inactivation of wild‐type and clinical Escherichia coli O26 strains using UV‐C and thermal treatment and subsequent persistence in simulated gastric fluid

Journal of Applied Microbiology ◽

10.1111/jam.14397 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 127 (5) ◽

pp. 1564-1575 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

V.S. Castro ◽

D.K.A. Rosario ◽

Y.S. Mutz ◽

A.C.C. Paletta ◽

E.E.S. Figueiredo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Thermal Treatment ◽

Gastric Fluid ◽

Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽

Wild Type ◽

Uv C

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Influence of β-carotene concentration on the physicochemical properties, degradation and antioxidant activity of nanoemulsions stabilized by whey protein hydrolyzate-pectin soluble complexes

LWT ◽

10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111148 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 ◽

pp. 111148

Author(s):

D.I. López-Monterrubio ◽

C. Lobato-Calleros ◽

E.J. Vernon-Carter ◽

J. Alvarez-Ramirez

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Whey Protein ◽

Protein Hydrolyzate ◽

Β Carotene ◽

Soluble Complexes

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Fabrication of Multi-Layered Microspheres Based on Phase Separation for Drug Delivery

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12060723 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 723

Author(s):

He Xia ◽

Ang Li ◽

Jia Man ◽

Jianyong Li ◽

Jianfeng Li

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Phase Separation ◽

Gastric Fluid ◽

Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽

Sustained Drug Release ◽

Simulated Intestinal Fluid ◽

Glycol Diacrylate ◽

Emulsion Droplets ◽

Collection Tube ◽

Poly Ethylene

In this work, we used a co-flow microfluidic device with an injection and a collection tube to generate droplets with different layers due to phase separation. The phase separation system consisted of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate 700 (PEGDA 700), PEGDA 250, and sodium alginate aqueous solution. When the mixture droplets formed in the outer phase, PEGDA 700 in the droplets would transfer into the outer aqueous solution, while PEGDA 250 still stayed in the initial droplet, breaking the miscibility equilibrium of the mixture and triggering the phase separation. As the phase separation proceeded, new cores emerged in the droplets, gradually forming the second and third layers. Emulsion droplets with different layers were polymerized under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation at different stages of phase separation to obtain microspheres. Microspheres with different layers showed various release behaviors in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The release rate decreased with the increase in the number of layers, which showed a potential application in sustained drug release.

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Quantitative Changes of the Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Leaves of Aleurites montana as a Consequence of Growth under 700 ppm CO2 in the Atmosphere

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1996-11-1211 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 51 (11-12) ◽

pp. 833-840 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

P He ◽

A Radunz ◽

K. P Bader ◽

G. H Schmid

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Thylakoid Membrane ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Phospholipid Fraction ◽

Phospholipid Content ◽

The Core ◽

Glycolipid Fraction ◽

Carbonic Acids ◽

And Control ◽

Β Carotene

Abstract Leaf lipids of Aleurites plants that were cultivated for 5 months in air containing 700 ppm CO2, were compared to those of control plants cultivated at 350 ppm CO2. The content of ether soluble lipids referred to dry matter is the same in CO2-and control plants. The comparison of lipids analyzed as the pigments chlorophyll and carotenoids, phospholipids and glycolipids shows that the ratio of phospholipids and glycolipids is slightly shifted in favor of phospholipids in CO2-plants. Thus, within the group of phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol occur in higher concentrations in CO2-plants. Although the differences in the lipid content appear moderate in CO2-and control plants, it is the saturation degree of fatty acids that differs substantially. The fatty acids of CO2-plants contain according to the higher phospholipid content approx. 5% more saturated fatty acids. Stearic acid is three-fold increased. Whereas in the phospholipid fraction saturated fatty acids comprise one half of all fatty acids, the unsaturated fatty acids make up for 80 to 90% in the glycolipid fraction. In CO2-plants not only in the phospholipid fraction but also in the glycolipid fraction saturated fatty acids occur in a higher portion. This means that not only in the cell membrane of CO2-plants but also in the thylakoid membrane the fluidity is decreased. Also in the wax-fraction long-chained carbonic acids with 20 -26 carbon atoms occur. As the portion of these carbonic acids is twice as high in CO2-plants, it is concluded that a stronger formation of the wax layers exists in CO2-plants. By means of Western blotting and by the use of lipid and carotenoid antisera the binding of lipids onto proteins of photosystem II and photosystem I was analyzed. It is seen that besides the major amount of lipids which build up the thylakoid membrane, some lipids are also bound to membrane peptides. Whereas monogalactolipid is bound to the LHCP-complex peptides, to the OEC1 -peptide and the 43 and 47 kDa chlorophyll binding peptides, the anionic lipids sulfoquinovosyldiglyceride and phosphatidylglycerol and digalactolipid are bound to the core peptides of PS II and PS I. β-carotene and the xanthophylls were found to be bound to the core peptides and β-carotene and violaxanthin were also bound to the light-harvesting pigment complex.

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