Independently Controlled Carbon and Nitrogen Potential: A New Approach to Carbonitriding Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1945-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Michael Winter
Keyword(s):  
New Approach ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Potential

scholarly journals Anoxic-biocathode microbial desalination cell as a new approach for wastewater remediation and clean water production

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-563
Author(s):  
Simone Perazzoli ◽  
José Pedro de Santana Neto ◽  
Hugo M. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Abundance ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Anode Chamber ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Wastewater Remediation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Desalination Cell ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

Abstract Bioelectrochemical systems are emerging as a promising and friendly alternative to convert the energy stored in wastewater directly into electricity by microorganisms and utilize it in situ to drive desalination. To better understand such processes, we propose the development of an anoxic biocathode microbial desalination Cell for the conversion of carbon- and nitrogen-rich wastewaters into bioenergy and to perform salt removal. Our results demonstrate a power output of 0.425 W m−3 with desalination, organic matter removal and nitrate conversion efficiencies of 43.69, 99.85 and 92.11% respectively. Microbiological analysis revealed Proteobacteria as the dominant phylum in the anode (88.45%) and biocathode (97.13%). While a relatively higher bacterial abundance was developed in the anode chamber, the biocathode showed a greater variety of microorganisms, with a predominance of Paracoccus (73.2%), which are related to the denitrification process. These findings are promising and provide new opportunities for the development and application of this technology in the field of wastewater treatment to produce cleaner water and conserve natural resources.

Metabolic Disorders Leading to Mental Deficiency

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 566-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Mental Deficiency ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Metabolic Basis ◽  
Mental Defect

Abstract A new approach is described for the detection of abnormal metabolites in the urine of patients with known or suspected metabolic disorders. Distribution curves are presented for nonurea organic carbon and nitrogen which form a basis for judging whether grossly abnormal amounts of organic materials are present in the urine. Families with recurrent mental retardation have been identified whose mental defect may be on an unknown metabolic basis.

Control of iron nitride formation by a high magnetic field

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2082-2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.P. Tong ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
J. Sun ◽  
L. Zuo ◽  
J.C. He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
High Magnetic Field ◽  
Nitriding Process ◽  
Iron Nitride ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Nitriding Reaction ◽  
Nitride Formation ◽  
Nitrogen Potential

The influence of high magnetic field on nitriding behavior was investigated in a mixture of NH3 and H2. It was found that high magnetic field could shift the equilibrium of nitriding reaction; this proved that the critical nitrogen potential to form γ′-Fe4N and ε-Fe3N phase was evidently enhanced compared with conventional nitriding. This research provides a new approach for a selective nitriding process.

Isotope ratio analysis of carbon and nitrogen by elemental analyser continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-CF-IRMS) without the use of a reference gas

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 310-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Bay ◽  
S. H. Chan ◽  
T. Walczyk
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Isotope Ratio ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Isotope Ratio Analysis

A new approach to normalize carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios measured by EA-CF-IRMS without using a reference gas for correction of instrumental drifts and instrumental isotope fractionation.

Development of New Alloys with Excellent High Temperature Creep Characteristics of 700°C or More

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 3076-3081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi Muneki ◽  
Hiroshi Okubo ◽  
Hirokazu Okada ◽  
Masaaki Igarashi ◽  
Fujio Abe
Keyword(s):  
Creep Test ◽  
Dispersion Strengthening ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Conventional Steel ◽  
Ni Alloys ◽  
Martensitic Microstructure ◽  
Creep Characteristics ◽  
Heat Resistant Steels

The carbon and nitrogen free new alloys which were composed of the supersaturated martensitic microstructure with high dislocation density before the creep test have been investigated systematically. These alloys were produced from the new approach which raised creep strength by the utilization of the reverse transformed austenite phase as a matrix and intermetallic compounds such as Laves and μ-phases as precipitates during creep test. It is important that these alloys are independent of any carbides and carbo-nitrides as strengthening factors. Creep behavior of the alloys is found to be different from that of the conventional high-Cr ferritic heat resistant steels. The minimum creep rates of the Fe-Ni alloys at 700°C are found to be much lower than that of the conventional steel, which is due to fine dispersion strengthening useful even at 700°C in these alloys. As a result carbon and nitrogen free alloys exhibited superior creep properties at temperatures more over 700°C, and steam oxidation resistance.

Metabolic signalling and the partitioning of resources in plant storage organs

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIGEL G. HALFORD
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Young Plant ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cultivated Potato ◽  
Metabolic Signalling ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Plant Storage

The most important harvested organs of crop plants, such as seeds, tubers and fruits, are often described as assimilate sinks. They play little or no part in the fixation of carbon through the production of sugars through photosynthesis, or in the uptake of nitrogen and sulphur, but import these assimilated resources to support metabolism and to store them in the form of starch, oils and proteins. Wild plants store resources in seeds and tubers to later support an emergent young plant. Cultivated crops are effectively storing resources to provide us with food and many have been bred to accumulate much more than would be required otherwise. For example, approximately 80% of a cultivated potato plant's dry weight is contained in its tubers, ten times the proportion in the tubers of its wild relatives (Inoue & Tanaka 1978). Cultivation and breeding has brought about a shift in the partitioning of carbon and nitrogen assimilate between the organs of the plant.

The O–C diagrams of minor planets − a new approach to modelling the rotation

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Gy. Szabó ◽  
K. Sárneczky ◽  
L.L. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Minor Planet ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Ccd Observations

AbstractA widely used tool in studying quasi-monoperiodic processes is the O–C diagram. This paper deals with the application of this diagram in minor planet studies. The main difference between our approach and the classical O–C diagram is that we transform the epoch (=time) dependence into the geocentric longitude domain. We outline a rotation modelling using this modified O–C and illustrate the abilities with detailed error analysis. The primary assumption, that the monotonity and the shape of this diagram is (almost) independent of the geometry of the asteroids is discussed and tested. The monotonity enables an unambiguous distinction between the prograde and retrograde rotation, thus the four-fold (or in some cases the two-fold) ambiguities can be avoided. This turned out to be the main advantage of the O–C examination. As an extension to the theoretical work, we present some preliminary results on 1727 Mette based on new CCD observations.

A New Approach to the Demonstration of Oxidase-Localization Using Tannic Acid Or Catechin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
V. Mizuhira ◽  
Y. Futaesaku
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Tissue Block ◽  
Active Reaction ◽  
The Cross

Previously we reported that tannic acid is a very effective fixative for proteins including polypeptides. Especially, in the cross section of microtubules, thirteen submits in A-tubule and eleven in B-tubule could be observed very clearly. An elastic fiber could be demonstrated very clearly, as an electron opaque, homogeneous fiber. However, tannic acid did not penetrate into the deep portion of the tissue-block. So we tried Catechin. This shows almost the same chemical natures as that of proteins, as tannic acid. Moreover, we thought that catechin should have two active-reaction sites, one is phenol,and the other is catechole. Catechole site should react with osmium, to make Os- black. Phenol-site should react with peroxidase existing perhydroxide.

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