scholarly journals Genetic differentiation in functional traits among wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) half-sib lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srđan Stojnić ◽  
Branislav Kovačević ◽  
Marko Kebert ◽  
Verica Vasić ◽  
Vanja Vuksanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Wild Cherry ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pearson's Correlation

AbstractUnderstanding intra-specific variation in leaf functional traits is one of the key requirements for the evaluation of species adaptive capacity to ongoing climate change, as well as for designing long-term breeding and conservation strategies. Hence, data of 19 functional traits describing plant physiology, antioxidant properties, anatomy and morphology were determined on 1-year-old seedlings of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) half-sib lines. The variability within and among half-sib lines, as well as the estimation of multi-trait association, were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference test and multivariate analyses: principal component analysis (PCA), canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate linear correlation between the study parameters. The results of the ANOVA showed the presence of statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) among half-sib lines for all study traits. The differences within half-sib lines, observed through the contribution of the examined sources of variation to the total variance (%), had higher impact on total variation in the majority of the examined traits. Pearson’s correlation analysis and PCA showed strong relationships between gas exchange in plants and leaf size and stomatal density, as well as between leaf biomass accumulation, intercellular CO2 concentration and parameters related to antioxidant capacity of plants. Likewise, the results of SDA indicate that transpiration and stomatal conductance contributed to the largest extent, to the discrimination of the wild cherry half-sib lines. In addition, PCA and CDA showed separation of the wild cherry half-sib lines along the first principal component and first canonical variable with regards to humidity of their original sites. Multiple adaptive differences between the wild cherry half-sib lines indicate high potential of the species to adapt rapidly to climate change. The existence of substantial genetic variability among the wild cherry half-sib lines highlights their potential as genetic resources for reforestation purposes and breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an Innovative Digital Assessment Tool in Dental Anatomy

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt T Lam ◽  
So Ran Kwon ◽  
Fang Qian ◽  
Gerald E Denehy
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
T Test ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Digital Assessment ◽  
Dental Anatomy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
One Way Anova

ABSTRACT Aim The E4D Compare software is an innovative tool that provides immediate feedback to students’ projects and competencies. It should provide consistent scores even when different scanners are used which may have inherent subtle differences in calibration. This study aimed to evaluate potential discrepancies in evaluation using the E4D Compare software based on four different NEVO scanners in dental anatomy projects. Additionally, correlation between digital and visual scores was evaluated. Materials and methods Thirty-five projects of maxillary left central incisors were evaluated. Among these, thirty wax-ups were performed by four operators and five consisted of standard dentoform teeth. Five scores were obtained for each project: one from an instructor that visually graded the project and from four different NEVO scanners. A faculty involved in teaching the dental anatomy course blindly scored the 35 projects. One operator scanned all projects to four NEVO scanners (D4D Technologies, Richardson, TX, USA). The images were aligned to the gold standard, and tolerance set at 0.3 mm to generate a score. The score reflected percentage match between the project and the gold standard. One-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to determine whether there was a significant difference in scores among the four NEVO scanners. Paired-sample t-test was used to detect any difference between visual scores and the average scores of the four NEVO scanners. Pearson's correlation test was used to assess the relationship between visual and average scores of NEVO scanners. Results There was no significant difference in mean scores among four different NEVO scanners [F(3, 102) = 2.27, p = 0.0852 one-way ANOVA with repeated measures]. Moreover, the data provided strong evidence that a significant difference existed between visual and digital scores (p = 0.0217; a pairedsample t-test). Mean visual scores were significantly lower than digital scores (72.4 vs 75.1). Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.85 indicated a strong correlation between visual and digital scores (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The E4D Compare software provides consistent scores even when different scanners are used and correlates well with visual scores. Clinical significance The use of innovative digital assessment tools in dental education is promising with the E4D Compare software correlating well with visual scores and providing consistent scores even when different scanners are used. How to cite this article Lam MT, Kwon SR, Qian F, Denehy GE. Evaluation of an Innovative Digital Assessment Tool in Dental Anatomy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(5):366-371.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and molecular variability of maize (Zea mays L.) Induced with X-ray

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Odunayo Joseph Olawuyi ◽  
David Franklin Igata ◽  
Akinlolu Olalekan Akanmu ◽  
Abeeb Abiodun Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Group Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Ten genotypes of maize collected from National Center for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB) were induced with X-ray for morphological and molecular assessment. The experimental design was complete randomized design with four replicates. Morphological and molecular statistical analyses of treated genotypes were conducted using SAS and Power Maker Packages, respectively while dendrogram was generated using Jaccards similarity coefficient using Unweighted Paired Group Method and Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA). The study revealed significant difference which is an indication of genetic variation of characters in treated maize. Genotype DTSR-Wco performed best in plant height (62.35 cm), leaf length (62.35 cm), number of leaves (3.15), leaf width (7.55 cm) and dry leaf biomass (0.24 g). X-ray at 90 Kv/mass, 95 Kv/mass and 100 Kv/mass decreased plant heights to 54.25cm, 53.87cm and 54.10cm respectively compared to Control. Heritability estimate was greater than 70% for all characters evaluated. Genotype TZM 1551 at 0 Kv/mass yielded the highest concentration of DNA at 2841.60 ng/ul and the highest genomic DNA concentration was obtained at 95 Kv/mass for TZM 132 with 1.91%. Primer BMC 1755 was most polymorphic with 58.77% in treated maize genotypes. The plant height was strongly correlated with leaf length (r=0.9), leaf width (r=0.76) and number of leaves (r=0.77). Principal component analysis showed close relationship between plant height (-0.03) and leaf length (0.05) compared with leaf width (-0.67) and number of leaves (0.69). Dry shoot biomass (0.05) was closely related to dry root biomass (-0.03) and dry leaf biomass (-0.04).

scholarly journals Influence of Applied Volume on Efficacy of 3-Minute Surgical Reference Disinfection Method prEN 12791

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 7066-7069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Kampf ◽  
Christiane Ostermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sustained Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
Pearson's Correlation Coefficient

ABSTRACT For assessment of the efficacy of surgical hand disinfection, European reference method prEN 12791 prescribes that the hands must be kept wet with the reference alcohol for 3 min regardless of the applied volume. The aim of this study was to determine whether the applied volume of the reference disinfectant n-propanol (60%, vol/vol) influences the effect on the resident hand flora. Ten experiments with 200 reference disinfections were analyzed. Hands were washed for 1 min with soap. The bacterial prevalue was obtained by rubbing fingertips in tryptic soy broth for 1 min. After this, each subject treated the hands with n-propanol (60%, vol/vol) by using as many portions as necessary to keep hands wet for a total of 3 min. Bacterial postvalues (immediate effect) were obtained for one hand, and the other hand was gloved for 3 h. After the gloves were taken off, a second postvalue was obtained (sustained effect). Most surgical reference disinfections (73%) were achieved with 9 ml of the reference alcohol, followed by 12 ml (24%) and 6 ml (3%). There was no significant difference between the mean log10 reduction values for the three treatment groups, both in terms of the immediate effect (P = 0.333, as determined by analysis of variance) and in terms of the sustained effect (P = 0.442). A higher number of portions did not correlate with a higher reduction factor (for immediate effect, Pearson's correlation coefficient = −0.028 [P = 0.689]; for sustained effect, Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.059 [P = 0.404]). If the hands were kept wet with the reference alcohol for the total application time, the applied volume could vary, but this did not alter the efficacy.

scholarly journals An alternative methodology for teaching and evaluation in medical education: crosswords

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (03) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
A. Vasconcelos ◽  
M. Soares ◽  
F. Silva ◽  
D. Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
Reproducible Method

Abstract Introduction: Crosswords have been used to complement medical education in a fun way, yet they were not used as a method for the evaluation of students' performance. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the development of crosswords and verify their validity as a method of performance evaluation in embryology. Materials and Methods: We used crossword based on subjects about stages of embryonic development with different levels of difficulty. To validate the crossword as the evaluation method of teaching, two evaluation methods were applied (the traditional and with crosswords, simultaneously) on students of Federal University of Piaui. The performance of students was analyzed with Pearson's correlation coefficient and data were analyzed to check for normal distribution through the Shapiro-Wilk test with significance level of 0.05. The tests were performed on the BioEstat statistical software version 5.0. Results: As result a total of 28 students were evaluated. It was observed that the resulting score of both the traditional and crossword evaluation methods demonstrating normal distribution (p=0.4127 and p=0.7016, respectively), did not present vices and tendencies. The average scores were 7.1 ± 2.0 and 6.9 ± 1.7 for the traditional and crossword evaluation methods, respectively, showing statistically significant difference (p=0.0001; r=0.67), demonstrating a moderate Pearson's correlation between the methods. Conclusion: In conclusion, crosswords may be used as supplementary material for teaching embryology. Also, crossword functioned as validated and reproducible method of performance evaluation that can be used in as alternative and/or complementary teaching of embryology or other disciplines in the medical ield.

scholarly journals Birth weight and refractive state measured by Spot Vision Screener in children aged 40 months

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000808
Author(s):  
Shunya Tatara ◽  
Masako Ishii ◽  
Reiko Nogami
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Refractive State ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Vision Screener

ObjectivesChildren with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) often have myopia. Even without ROP, birth weight and refractive state are related immediately after birth, but this relationship is reduced with increasing age. Here, we examined whether refractive state and birth weight were associated in 40-month-old children.Methods and analysisOf 541 children aged 40 months in Tsubame City, Japan, who underwent a medical examination between April 2018 and March 2019, this cross-sectional study enrolled 411 whose birth weights were available (76% of all).We measured the non-cycloplegic refraction using a Spot Vision Screener and correlated this with birth weight. Children were divided into three groups according to normal (2500–3500 g), high (>3500 g) or low (<2500 g) birth weights, and mean differences in spherical equivalent (SE) between the groups were analysed.ResultsThe average SE for the right eye was 0.34 D (95% CI 0.28 to 0.40). Average birth weight was 3032.1 g (95% CI 2990.2 to 3073.9). Birth weight did not correlate with SE for the right eye (Pearson’s correlation, r=−0.015, p=0.765) or with the degree of anisometropia (Pearson’s correlation, r=−0.05, p=0.355). Furthermore, the mean SE showed no significant difference across the three groups of children with different birth weights (one-way analysis of variance, p=0.939).ConclusionData on refractive states and birth weight for 411 children of similar age in one Japanese city were analysed, showing that birth weight did not influence SE, J0, J45 and the absolute degree of anisometropia at about 40 months of age.

scholarly journals The Reliability of a New Device for Measuring the Maximum Bite Force

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Santosh R. Patil ◽  
G. Maragathavalli ◽  
D. N. S. V. Ramesh ◽  
Giridhar S. Naidu ◽  
Mohammad Khursheed Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Bite Force ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation Coefficient ◽  
New Device ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
Pearson's Correlation Coefficient

Objective. To test the inter- and intraexaminer reliability of a recently developed instrument for measuring the maximum bite force (MBF). Material and Methods. Sixty patients who were clinically confirmed as having Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) and 60 healthy controls were included in this study. For each subject, age, gender, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. The maximum bite force was recorded in alternate order with a bite force sensor (D1) and an occlusal force meter (D2). Bite force was measured in the first molar region. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and kappa statistic were applied to assess the reliability between D1 and D2 in the assessment of maximum bite force. The independent t -test was performed to find the statistical significance between the two study groups. The paired t -test was applied to find out the difference between the right and left disease in groups of two devices separately. The one-way analysis of covariance (ANOVA) was performed to find the significant difference between grades of OSMF. Results. The results of the kappa values were 0.8531 ± 0.0724 and 0.7336 ± 0.0737 for interdevice reliability in OSMF patients in right and left sides. Similar findings were obtained in right and left sides of healthy individuals ( 0.7549 ± 0.0816 and 0.9440 ± 0.0806 ) and in the total sample ( 0.8132 ± 0.0544 and 0.8303 ± 0.0538 ). Pearson’s correlation coefficient between two devices revealed a high and significant positive correlation between D1 and D2 separately and in the whole sample. Conclusion. The observations of the present study suggest that the bite force sensor can be used as a reliable device for measuring bite force.

scholarly journals Combined Treatment with Oral Hypoglycemic Agents and Insulin in Longer Run May Lead to Cognitive Derangement Secondary to Hypoglycemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 511-518
Author(s):  
Aman Gupta ◽  
Abhishek Kumar Singh ◽  
Ramesh Deka C
Keyword(s):  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pearson's Correlation

To determine the risk associated with combined therapy of oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin in the development of cognitive decline secondary to hypoglycemia. The study comprised of two arms, in arm 1 (n=30) diabetic patients on OHA and insulin combined therapy were observed for cognitive derangement based on Mini Cog score (Pearson’s correlation r was calculated between the two)and the patients were also ruled out for hypoglycemia episodes. Similarly, in arm 2(n=30), only OHA therapy patients were evaluated on the same parameters using Pearson’s correlation. Mean Mini Cog scores were found to be 1.79  in patients on combinational therapy of OHA and insulin. In the case of patients only on OHA for diabetes control mean Mini Cog, the score was 2.0. Pearson’s coefficient r 1 between OHA plus insulin duration of therapy in years with Mini Cog score was  -0.5831 at a statistically significant p value of 0.0007. While on the other hand, patients only on OHA therapy (in years)were not significantly correlated with Mini Cog scores.(r 2= - 0.0149 ; p value =0.93771).In the arm 1 (OHA + Insulin(n=30)), the average number of hypoglycemia episodes were found to be 2.633 as compared to the OHA only group in which mean hypoglycemia episodes were 0.866. There was a significant difference in the hypoglycemia episodes, as confirmed by the student t-test (4.06368) at a p value = 0.000147. Based on the study findings, combined Treatment with Oral Hypoglycemic agents and insulin in longer run may lead to cognitive derangement secondary to hypoglycemia.*Significance level <0.01, Negative correlations are indicative of lower the values of battery scores higher would be cognitive derangement.

scholarly journals Relationship between Thickness of Early Oral Tongue Carcinoma (T1, T2) with Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Md Abdur Razzak ◽  
Belayat Hossain Siddique ◽  
Azharul Islam ◽  
Md Hasanul Haque ◽  
Md Abdus Sattar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Tumor Thickness ◽  
Tongue Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Tongue ◽  
Neck Node ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Neck Node Metastasis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pearson's Correlation

Background: Carcinoma of oral tongue is the most common oral cancer and because of its structure and function is prone for early local and regional spread of cancer. The final outcome of a primary tongue carcinoma patient depends upon various prognostic factors like thickness of tumor, depth of invasion, size of lesion and neck node 67metastasis. Risk of metastasis and spread to neck nodes increases with increase in tumor thickness Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Otolayngology- Head & Neck Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka for 18 months. Thirty patients with early oral tongue carcinoma i.e.T1 & T2 as per UICC and AJC criteria were included in this study by purposive non-randomized sampling technique. Result of the study were expressed as mean, standard deviation (+SD), frequency and percentages. Unpaired Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation co-efficient (r) test were performed. Results: Result of the study showed the mean (+SD) thickness of the tumor was 3.62 (+1.46) mm. Minimum thickness 1.1mm and maximum thickness 7.8mm. Only 21 (70%) subjects neck node were metastasized from tongue and mean (+SD) tumor thickness of the positive neck node metastasis was 5.54 (+1.07) mm and negative neck node metastasis was 2.87 (+0.75) mm. This indicated a significant difference between the groups. Pearson’s correlation co-efficient r (+0.981) which indicated tumor thickness was positively correlated with neck node metastasis. Conclusion: Tumor thickness of the early oral carcinoma positively correlated with neck node metastasis. Correlation between thickness and metastatic lymph node can help planning the treatment regimen and indicate the disease prognosis. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2021; 27(1): 25-35

scholarly journals Changes in Anterior Chamber Dimensions Following Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Kirgiz ◽  
Beril Tülü Aygün ◽  
Senay Asik Nacaroglu ◽  
Adem Tellioglu ◽  
Yusuf Yildirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Anterior Chamber Angle ◽  
Small Incision Lenticule Extraction ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Small Incision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
Lenticule Extraction ◽  
Chamber Angle

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the changes in anterior chamber dimensions including horizontal anterior chamber diameter (HACD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and iridocorneal angle (ICA) following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) using Scheimpflug-Placido disk tomographer (Sirius). Methods The records of the 73 eyes of 47 patients who received SMILE for myopia and myopic astigmatism were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative and 6-month postoperative measurements of central corneal thickness (CCT), HACD, ACD, ICA, nasal anterior chamber angle (nACA), and temporal anterior chamber angle (tACA) were obtained by tomography, and compared with paired t-tests. Pearson’s correlation and linear regression tests were used to evaluate the relationship between these parameters. Results The CCT, HACD, and ACD values decreased significantly at 6-month postoperatively (p < 0.05 for all). ICA, nACA, and tACA showed no statistically significant difference postoperatively (p = 0.54, p = 0.118, and p = 0.255, respectively). Pearson’s correlation analysis confirms negative relationship between Δ-HACD and Δ-tACA (r=-0.475, p < 0.01), and a loose negative relationship between change in ACD and change in ICA (r=-0.282, p = 0.016). Age and Δ-tACA were found as predictive parameters for Δ-HACD and, Δ-ICA was a predictor for Δ-ACD. Conclusion While HACD and ACD decreased significantly, there was no significant change in ICA, nACA and tACA. Changes in HACD and ACD should be considered in terms of subsequent surgeries after SMILE.

scholarly journals Evaluating Knowledge, Awareness and Behaviour Among Dental Interns Regarding Ergonomics in Dentistry: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. OR1-OR4
Author(s):  
Rebecca Andrew ◽  
Sonia Narang ◽  
Srishti Aggarwal ◽  
Thongam S.
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Central India ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
Pearson's Correlation Coefficient

INTRODUCTION: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the main reasons that force dentists to retire early from their practice. AIM: To assess the knowledge, awareness and behaviour among dental Interns in central and southern India regarding Ergonomics in DentistryMATERIALS AND METHOD: This cross-sectional study collected data using a questionnaire (pre-tested and pre-validated) amongst dental interns studying in various dental colleges in and around Central India. Participation in the study was voluntary and the questionnaire was divided into 4 sections with a total of 22 close ended questions. Data was anlayzed using SPSS version 21.0; descriptive statistics were applied followed by the unpaired samples t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multivariate logistic regression.RESULTS: The study consisted of 800 dentists, with most having fair knowledge (50.1%) and awareness (49.7%) regarding proper ergonomic posture (knowledge scores showed a significant statistical association). Most interns reported that they sometimes (41.5%) practiced dentistry ergonomically, while only 5.5% reported doing it always (significant difference, p=0.01*). A positive, linear, great strength of association (r: +0.7) and a significant relationship (p = 0.04) was found between knowledge and awareness scores using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. CONCLUSION: Dental awareness programmes are advised to educate dentists about the impending threat of MSDs if dentistry is not practiced ergonomically.

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