Antigenic Proteins from the Excretory–Secretory Products of Toxocara canis Larvae and Evaluation of Their Potential for Immunodiagnostics of Larval Toxocarosis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Skulinová ◽  
Jan Novák ◽  
Libuše Kolářová ◽  
Martin Kašný
Keyword(s):  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Antigenic Proteins ◽  
Secretory Products

scholarly journals Frequency of toxocara infection in children attended by the health public service of Maringá, south Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia L. Paludo ◽  
Dina L.M. Falavigna ◽  
Guita R. Elefant ◽  
Mônica L. Gomes ◽  
Magda L.M. Baggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems ◽  
Prevention Activities ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
South Brazil

The lack of specific laboratorial diagnosis methods and precise symptoms makes the toxocariasis a neglected disease in Public Health Services. This study aims to determine the frequency of Toxocara spp. infection in children attended by the Health Public Service of Hospital Municipal de Maringá, South Brazil. To evaluate the association of epidemiological and clinical data, an observational and cross-section study was carried out. From 14,690 attended children/year aged from seven month to 12 years old, 450 serum samples were randomly collected from September/2004 to September/2005. A questionnaire was used to evaluate epidemiological, clinical and hematological data. An ELISA using Toxocara canis larval excretory-secretory products as antigen detected 130 (28.8%) positive sera, mainly between children from seven month to five years old (p = 0.0016). Significant correlation was observed between positive serology for Toxocara, and frequent playing in sandbox at school or daycare center (p = 0.011) and the presence of a cat at home (p = 0.056). From the families, 50% were dog owners which exposed soil backyards. Eosinophilia (p = 0.776), and signs and symptoms analyzed (fever p = 0.992, pneumonia p = 0.289, cold-like symptoms p = 0.277, cough p = 0.783, gastrointestinal problems p = 0.877, migraine p = 0.979, abdominal pain p = 0.965, joint pain p = 0.686 and skin rash p = 0.105) could not be related to the presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies. Therefore, two asthmatics children showed titles of 1:10,240 and accentuated eosinophilia (p = 0.0001). The authors emphasize the needs of prevention activities.

scholarly journals The somatic proteins of Toxocara canis larvae and excretory-secretory products revealed by proteomics

2018 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia B. da Silva ◽  
Juan R. Urrego A. ◽  
Yisela Oviedo ◽  
Philip J. Cooper ◽  
Luis G.C. Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Secretory Products

scholarly journals Proteinases in Excretory-Secretory Products ofToxocara canisSecond-Stage Larvae: Zymography and Modeling Insights

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Ernesto González-Páez ◽  
Fernando Alba-Hurtado ◽  
Carlos Gerardo García-Tovar ◽  
Raúl Argüello-García
Keyword(s):  
Serine Proteinase ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Serine Proteinases ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Proteolytic Activities ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Physiological Substrates

Components released in excretory-secretory products ofToxocara canislarvae (TES) include phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (TES26), mucins (TES120, MUC2-5), and C-type lectins (TES32, TES70) and their biochemical, immunological, and diagnostic properties have been extensively studied albeit proteinase activities towards physiological substrates are almost unknown. Proteolytic activities in TES samples were first analyzed by gel electrophoresis with gelatin as substrate. Major activities of ~400, 120, and 32 kDa in TES were relatively similar over a broad pH range (5.5–9.0) and all these were of the serine-type as leupeptin abolished gelatinolysis. Further, the ~400 kDa component degraded all physiological substrates tested (laminin, fibronectin, albumin, and goat IgG) and the 120 kDa component degraded albumin and goat IgG while proteinases of lower MW (45, 32, and 26 kDa) only degraded laminin and fibronectin, preferentially at alkaline pH (9.0). By protein modeling approaches using the known sequences of TES components, only TES26 and MUC4 displayed folding patterns significantly related to reference serine proteinases. These data suggest that most of serine proteinase activities secretedin vitroby infective larvae ofT. canishave intriguing nature but otherwise help the parasite to affect multiple components of somatic organs and bodily fluids within the infected host.

Molecular cloning and partial characterization of a nematode-specific 24 kDa protein fromAscaris suum

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. ISLAM ◽  
T. MIYOSHI ◽  
Y. YOKOMIZO ◽  
N. TSUJI
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

The cloning and molecular characterization of a cDNA encodingAscaris suum24 kDa antigen (As24) are described. The cDNA sequence consists of 853 bp with an open reading frame coding for a protein of 147 amino acids with an inferred signal peptide of 19 amino acids. The predicted molecular mass and pI were 16 kDa and 8·35 respectively. The endogenous protein in adultA. suumwas 24 kDa with the expected pI. A search of the public databases revealed over 50% homology with proteins from filarial parasites but not to other known proteins, suggesting that As24 is a nematode-specific protein. Immunohistochemical studies using polyclonal antibodies raised againstEscherichia coli-expressed recombinant As24 demonstrated that the endogenous As24 proteins were intensely localized in unembryonated eggs within the uterus, uterine and gut epithelium, muscle tissues and in the hypodermis of an adult femaleA. suum. Endogenous As24 was expressed throughoutA. suumdevelopment and was detected in the excretory/secretory products by immunoblot analysis. Importantly, a homologous protein(s) was detected inAscarisfrom human andToxocara canisfrom dog, suggesting that As24 is a nematode-specific protein.

scholarly journals Excretory/Secretory Metabolome of the Zoonotic Roundworm Parasite Toxocara canis

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1157
Author(s):  
Phurpa Wangchuk ◽  
Owen Lavers ◽  
David S. Wishart ◽  
Alex Loukas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Nutritional Environment ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Or Applications ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease affecting humans that is predominantly caused by Toxocara canis and T. cati, primarily parasites of dogs and cats, respectively. Toxocara generally establishes long-term infections by co-opting its host’s physiological processes, while at the same time exploiting the nutritional environment. Adult stage T. canis reside in the gut of the definitive canine host where they employ a suite of strategies to combat intestinal immune responses by actively producing and releasing excretory-secretory products (ESPs). The protein component of T. canis ESPs has been widely studied, but characterisation of the non-protein ESP complement remains neglected. To characterize the secreted metabolome of Toxocara ESPs and to shed light on the parasite’s metabolic processes, we profiled the ESPs of T. canis using both gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) mass spectrometry approaches. We successfully identified 61 small molecules, including 41 polar metabolites, 14 medium-long chain fatty acids (MLCFAs) and six short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). We identified talose, stearic acid and isovalerate as the major compounds belonging to the polar, MLCFA and SCFA chemical classes, respectively. Most of the 61 identified metabolites appear to have been produced by T. canis via three distinct metabolic pathways - fatty acid, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. The majority of the identified ESPs have known biological properties, especially as immunomodulators. However, there is limited/no information on the biological roles or applications of 31 ESP biomolecules, suggesting that these may have novel activities that merit further investigation.

The use of 35S-labelled Toxocara canis to determine larval numbers in tissues

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTThe potential of using 35S-labelled larvae to determine the number of second-stage Toxocara canis larvae present in the tissues of infected animals was assessed. Infective larvae were labelled by in vitro culture with medium containing 35S-methionine. The amount of radiolabel attached to larvae decayed exponentially with time and had an in vitro mean half life of 3·54±0·65 days. The ‘lost’ radiolabel was incorporated into proteins which formed part of the worm's excretory/secretory products. The levels of radioactivity present in different organs of BALB/c mice, infected with 35S-labelled T. canis larvae, varied over the course of infection. Initially most of the radioactivity was present in liver, but over the course of infection 35S liver levels gradually decreased and brain levels increased. By day 14 post-infection the majority of the isotope was present in the brain (p<0·01). Assessment of antibody levels on day 14 post-infection showed that infection with 35S labelled T. canis larvae induced the production of parasite-specific IgM, IgG and IgG1 antibodies.

scholarly journals Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati Somatic and Excretory-Secretory Antigens Are Recognised by C-Type Lectin Receptors

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Marie-Kristin Raulf ◽  
Bernd Lepenies ◽  
Christina Strube
Keyword(s):  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Lectin Receptors ◽  
Oral Aperture ◽  
Protein Library ◽  
Secretory Products

Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, the worldwide occurring intestinal roundworms of canids and felids, represent an important public health threat due to various disease manifestations in humans. Host recognition of pathogens is mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Myeloid C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are PRRs and recognise carbohydrate structures of various pathogens. As Toxocara excretory-secretory products (TES) are predominantly composed of glycoconjugates, they represent suitable targets for CLRs. However, the range of host-derived CLRs recognising Toxocara spp. is still unknown. Using a CLR-hFc fusion protein library, T. canis and T. cati L3 somatic antigens (TSOM) were bound by a variety of CLRs in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while their TES products interacted with macrophage galactose-type lectin-1 (MGL-1). Two prominent candidate CLRs, MGL-1 and macrophage C-type lectin (MCL), were selected for further binding studies. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed binding of MGL-1 to the oral aperture of L3. Immunoblot experiments identified distinct protein fractions representing potential ligands for MGL-1 and MCL. To evaluate how these interactions influence the host immune response, bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (BMDC) assays were performed, showing MCL-dependent T. cati-mediated cytokine production. In conclusion, MGL-1 and MCL are promising candidates for immune modulation during Toxocara infection, deserving further investigation in the future.

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