Double herbicide-resistant biotypes of wild oat (Avena fatua) display characteristic metabolic fingerprints before and after applying ACCase- and ALS-inhibitors

Tillage and new herbicide options may be necessary for the control of herbicide-resistant wild oat. The efficacy of soil-applied herbicides such as pyroxasulfone can be influenced by edaphic factors and weed seed recruitment depth, which varies with tillage system. We investigated the effect of tillage and pyroxasulfone rate when applied in the fall and spring on wild oat biomass at three locations in Alberta in 2014–2015. The vertical position of wild oat seeds, with and without tillage, was examined at each site. Wild oat biomass was greater in untilled plots compared with plots with fall tillage at all locations. In two out of three locations, pyroxasulfone efficacy was superior when applied in the fall compared with spring, possibly influenced by low spring rainfall. A single tillage pass at the Edmonton and Kinsella locations did not affect wild oat seed distribution, but there was an increase in seeds present in the surface layer in the untilled treatment at Lacombe. Tillage, used in combination with soil-applied herbicides, may be an option to achieve acceptable control of herbicide-resistant wild oat.

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Impact of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses on the Competitive Ability of Multiple Herbicide Resistant Wild Oat (Avena fatua)

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0064478 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. e64478 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Erik A. Lehnhoff ◽

Barbara K. Keith ◽

William E. Dyer ◽

Fabian D. Menalled

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Competitive Ability ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽

Herbicide Resistant

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Inheritance of multiple herbicide resistance in wild oat (Avena fatua L.)

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p05-008 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 317-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jocelyn D Karlowsky ◽

Anita L Brûlé-Babel ◽

Lyle F Friesen ◽

Rene C Van Acker ◽

Gary H Crow

Keyword(s):

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Nuclear Gene ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Western Canada ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Insight Into ◽

Resistance Genetics ◽

Multiple Herbicide Resistance

To gain some insight into the surprisingly frequent occurrence of multiple herbicide resistant wild oat in western Canada, the inheritance of multiple herbicide resistance was studied in two wild oat (Avena fatua L.) populations, UMWO12-01 and UMWO12-03, from Manitoba, Canada. Both populations are resistant to each of three distinct herbicides, imazametha benz-methyl, flamprop-methyl, and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (hereafter referred to as imazamethabenz, flamprop, and fenoxaprop-P, respectively). Crosses were made between each resistant (R) population and a susceptible (S) wild oat population (UM5) (R/S crosses), and between the two resistant populations (R/R crosses). Subsets of parental, F2 plants, and F2-derived F3 (F2:3) families were treated separately with each of the three herbicides and classified as R or S for individual plants, and homozygous R, segregating, or homozygous S for F2:3 families. F2 plants and F2:3 families from R/S crosses segregated in 3R:1S and 1 homozygous R:2 segregating:1 homozygous S ratios, respectively. These ratios indicate that a single dominant or semi-dominant nuclear gene controls resistance to each of these herbicides in each population. F2 plants and F2:3 families from R/R crosses segregated for resistance/susceptibility when treated with either imazamethabenz or flamprop. Therefore, the genes for resistance to these two herbicides are different in each R population. Individual F2:3 family response demonstrated that the genes were not independent of each other, indicating possible linkage between the genes for resistance to each herbicide. Genetic linkage could explain how the wild oat populations developed multiple resistance in the absence of selection by two of the herbicides, imazamethabenz and flamprop. Key words: Wild oat, Avena fatua, herbicide resistance, genetics of resistance, multiple resistance

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Nature, Occurrence, and Cost of Herbicide-Resistant Wild Oat (Avena fatua) in Small-Grain Production Areas

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00046297 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 612-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Hugh J. Beckie ◽

A. Gordon Thomas ◽

Anne Légère ◽

David J. Kelner ◽

Rene C. van Acker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Great Plains ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Northern Great Plains ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Multiple Group ◽

Production Areas ◽

Group 1

Surveys were conducted across the northern Great Plains of Canada in 1996 and 1997 to determine the nature and occurrence of herbicide-resistant (HR) biotypes of wild oat (Avena fatua). The surveys indicated that resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors (Group 1) occurred most frequently relative to other herbicide groups. Group 1-HR wild oat occurred in over one-half of fields surveyed in each of the three prairie provinces. Of particular concern was the relatively high incidence of multiple-group resistance in wild oat in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. In Saskatchewan, 18% of Group 1-HR populations were also resistant to acetolactate synthase inhibitors (imidazolinones), even though these herbicides were not frequently used. In Manitoba, 27% of fields surveyed had wild oat resistant to herbicides from more than one group. Four populations were resistant to all herbicides registered for use in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Depending on the nature of resistance in wild oat, alternative herbicides available for their control may substantially increase costs to the grower. The cost to growers of managing HR wild oat in Saskatchewan and Manitoba using alternative herbicides is estimated at over $4 million annually. For some HR biotypes, alternative herbicides either are not available or all have the same site of action, which restricts crop or herbicide rotation options and threatens the future sustainability of small-grain annual cropping systems where these infestations occur.

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Patch Management of Herbicide-Resistant Wild Oat (Avena fatua)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-04-222r.1 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 697-705 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Hugh J. Beckie ◽

Linda M. Hall ◽

Barclay Schuba

Keyword(s):

Seed Dispersal ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cropping System ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Western Canada ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Combine Harvester ◽

Over Time

A study was conducted at a 64-ha site in western Canada to determine how preventing seed shed from herbicide-resistant wild oat affects patch expansion over a 6-yr period. Seed shed was prevented in two patches and allowed to occur in two patches (nontreated controls). Annual patch expansion was determined by seed bank sampling and mapping. Crop management practices were performed by the grower. Area of treated patches increased by 35% over the 6-yr period, whereas nontreated patches increased by 330%. Patch expansion was attributed mainly to natural seed dispersal (nontreated) or seed movement by equipment at time of seeding (nontreated and treated). Extensive seed shed from plants in nontreated patches before harvest or control of resistant plants by alternative herbicides minimized seed movement by the combine harvester. Although both treated and nontreated patches were relatively stable over time in this cropping system, preventing seed production and shed in herbicide-resistant wild oat patches can markedly slow the rate of patch expansion.

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Survey of herbicide-resistant wild oat (Avena fatua) in two townships in Saskatchewan

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p01-067 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 463-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

H. J. Beckie ◽

A. G. Thomas ◽

F. C. Stevenson

Keyword(s):

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Farm Size ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Multiple Group ◽

Group 2 ◽

Als Inhibitors ◽

Group Resistance ◽

Group 1

The nature and occurrence of herbicide resistance in wild oat in annual crops grown in the Grassland and Parkland regions of Saskatchewan were determined in a systematic survey of fields in two townships in 1997. The survey found that over one-half of fields in both townships had populations resistant to Group 1 [acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors], Group 2 [acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors], and/or Group 8 (e.g., triallate, difenzoquat) herbicides. Forty-three percent of fields in the Grassland township and 48% of fields in the Parkland township had Group 1-resistant (HR) wild oat; 30 and 17% of fields in the Grassland and Parkland township, respectively, had populations exhibiting Group 2 resistance, whereas about 15% of fields in both townships had Group 8-HR wild oat. Single- (Groups 1, 2, or 8) and multiple-group resistance (1, 2; 1, 8; 2, 8; 1, 2, 8) were exhibited in populations in fields in both townships. Frequency of occurrence of resistance was not generally affected by farm size. The nature of resistance in wild oat populations is more diverse, differences in distribution and abundance of HR wild oat biotypes between Grassland and Parkland regions are generally less apparent, and occurrence of resistance is more prevalent than documented previously. Key words: Avena fatua, herbicide resistance, survey

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Evaluation of panicle removal methods and crop topping applications as supplemental tools for wild oat (Avena fatua) management

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2021.54 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-36

Author(s):

Breanne D. Tidemann ◽

K. Neil Harker ◽

Steve J. Shirtliffe ◽

Christian J. Willenborg ◽

Eric N. Johnson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Field Studies ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Optimal Timing ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Early Crop ◽

Industry Standard

Abstract Increased frequency and occurrence of herbicide-resistant biotypes heightens the need for alternative wild oat management strategies. There is an opportunity to exploit the height differential between wild oat and crops by targeting wild oat between panicle emergence and seed shed timing. Two field studies were conducted either in Lacombe, AB, or Lacombe, AB and Saskatoon, SK from 2015-2017. In the first study, we compared panicle removal methods: hand clipping, use of a hedge trimmer and a selective herbicide crop topping application to a weedy check and an industry standard in-crop herbicide application in wheat. These treatments were tested early (at panicle emergence), late (at initiation of seed shed) or in combination at one location over three years. In the second study, we investigated optimal timing of panicle removal via a hedge trimmer with weekly removals in comparison to a weedy check in wheat and lentil. This study was conducted at two locations, Lacombe, AB and Saskatoon, SK over three years. Among all the tested methods, the early crop topping treatment consistently had the largest impact on wild oat density, dockage, seedbank and subsequent year crop yield. The early (at panicle emergence) or combination of the early and late (at initiation of seed shed) treatments tended to reduce wild oat populations the following season the most compared to the late treatments. Subsequent wild oat populations were not influenced by panicle removal timing, but only by crop and location interactions. Panicle removal timing did significantly affect wild oat dockage in the year of treatment but no consistent optimal timing could be identified. However, the two studies together highlight a number of additional questions to be investigated, as well as the opportunity to manage wild oat seedbank inputs at the panicle emergence stage of the wild oat lifecycle.

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Barban Selectivity for Wild Oat in Wheat

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500038042 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 476-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Robert W. Neidermyer ◽

John D. Nalewaja

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Leaf Blade ◽

Plant Morphology ◽

Treatment Temperature ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Wheat Growth ◽

Wild Oats

The response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate) was studied as influenced by plant morphology and air temperature after application. Growth of wheat and wild oat seedlings was reduced by barban at 0.3 μg and 0.6 μg applied to the first node, respectively. Barban application to the base and midpoint of the first leaf blade required a lower dose to reduce wild oat growth than wheat growth. Increased tillering occurred from barban injury to the main culm in wheat. Wheat and wild oat susceptibility to barban increased as the post-treatment temperature decreased from 32 to 10 C. Barban selectivity for wild oats in wheat was greater at 27 and 21 C than at 16 and 10 C.

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Effects of Difenzoquat on Photoreactions and Respiration in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Wild Oat (Avena fatua)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450007020x ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 693-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Blaik P. Halling ◽

Richard Behrens

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Electron Transport ◽

Electron Acceptor ◽

Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Leaf Chlorosis ◽

Acceptor Activity ◽

Proton Uptake

Experiments were conducted with isolated protoplasts of wild oat (Avena fatuaL. # AVEFA) and isolated chloroplasts of wild oat and wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), to determine if the methyl sulfate salt of difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolium) might influence photoreactions in these species. Difenzoquat did not affect CO2fixation, uncoupled electron transport, or proton uptake. At concentrations of 0.5 mM and 1 mM, difenzoquat caused a slight, but statistically significant, inhibition of photophosphorylation. Experiments assaying coupled electron transport indicated that inhibition of photophosphorylation occurred not through uncoupling, but by an energy-transfer inhibition. This same effect was observed in isolated mitocondria of both species, with about 50% inhibition of state 3 respiration rates occurring with 10 μM difenzoquat. However, no important differentials were observed in the relative susceptibilities of wheat and wild oat mitochondria. Difenzoquat also functioned as a weak autooxidizing electron acceptor in photosynthetic electron transport. Therefore, difenzoquat-induced leaf chlorosis and necrosis may result from a bipyridilium-type electron acceptor activity if sufficient herbicide is absorbed.

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Wild Oat (Avena Fatua L.) and Canary Grass (Phalaris Minor Ritz.) Management Through Allelopathy

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/v10045-010-0007-3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 41-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Khawar Jabran ◽

Muhammad Farooq ◽

Mubshir Hussain ◽

Muhammad Ali ◽

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Complete Inhibition ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Barnyard Grass ◽

Phalaris Minor ◽

Germination Time ◽

Root And Shoot Length ◽

Canary Grass

Wild Oat (Avena FatuaL.) and Canary Grass (Phalaris MinorRitz.) Management Through AllelopathyEnvironmental contamination, herbicide resistance development among weeds and health concerns due to over and misuse of synthetic herbicides has led the researchers to focus on alternative weed management strategies. Allelochemicals extracted from various plant species can act as natural weed inhibitors. In this study, allelopathic extracts from four plant species sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], mulberry (Morus albaL.), barnyard grass [Echinochloa crusgalli(L.) Beauv.], winter cherry [Withania somnifera(L.)] were tested for their potential to inhibit the most problematic wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) weeds wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) and canary grass (Phalaris minorRitz.). Data regarding time to start germination, time to 50% germination, mean germination time, final germination percentage, germination energy, root and shoot length, number of roots, number of leaves, and seedling fresh and dry weight was recorded for both the weeds, which showed that mulberry was the most inhibitory plant species while sorghum showed least allelopathic suppression against wild oat. Mulberry extracts resulted in a complete inhibition of the wild oat germination. The allelopathic potential for different plants against wild oat was in the order: mulberry > winter cherry > barnyard grass > sorghum. Mulberry, barnyard grass and winter cherry extracts resulted in a complete inhibition of canary grass. Sorghum however exhibited least suppressive or in some cases stimulatory effects on canary grass. Plants revealing strong allelopathic potential can be utilized to derive natural herbicides for weed control.

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