scholarly journals Clinical value of digital tomographic fusion imaging in the diagnosis of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangang Zhang ◽  
Zhuhai Wang ◽  
Ge Hong
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Fusion Imaging ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
High Detection Rate ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background To explore the clinical significance of digital tomographic fusion imaging in the diagnosis of avascular disease of the femoral head in adults. Methods Eighty-two adult patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head confirmed by MRI in the department of orthopedics of our hospital were studied retrospectively. The related signs of adult avascular necrosis of the femoral head were diagnosed by digital tomographic fusion imaging, and the detection rates of digital X-ray (DR) and digital tomosynthesis (DTS) were compared to clarify the clinical value of digital tomographic fusion imaging in the diagnosis of adult avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Results DTS detected DR and 78 cases identified 55 cases. Taking the results of CT/MRI as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of DR and DTS in the diagnosis of ANFH were calculated. There was a significant difference in the detection rate between the two methods (P < 0.05). Conclusion The digital tomographic fusion imaging technique has the advantages of high detection rate and excellent image quality, is economical, and is worth popularizing. For those with negative X-rays, DTS diagnosis and CT or/and MRI can avoid unnecessary CT and MRI examinations, which is helpful to reduce the waste of medical resources.

scholarly journals [18F]-JK-PSMA-7 PET/CT Under Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Advanced Prostate Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Dietlein ◽  
Peter Mueller ◽  
Carsten Kobe ◽  
Heike Endepols ◽  
Melanie Hohberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
High Detection Rate ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Detection

Abstract Purpose PSMA imaging is frequently used for monitoring of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer. In a previous study, [18F]-JK-PSMA-7 exhibited favorable properties for tumor localization after biochemical recurrence. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the performance of [18F]-JK-PSMA-7 under ADT. Procedures We examined the performance of [18F]-JK-PSMA-7 in 70 patients (first cohort) with increasing or detectable PSA values under ADT (PSA < 2 ng/ml for 21/70 patients). We further analyzed 58 independent patients with PSA levels < 2 ng/ml under ADT, who were imaged with [68Ga]PSMA-11 or [18F]DCFPyL (second cohort). Finally, we compared detection rates between [18F]-JK-PSMA-7, [68Ga]PSMA-11, and [18F]DCFPyL. Results In the first cohort, we detected [18F]-JK-PSMA-7-positive lesions in 63/70 patients. In patients with PSA levels ≥ 2 ng/ml, the detection rate was 100 % (49/49). In patients with PSA < 2 ng/ml, the detection rate was significantly lower (66.7 %, 14/21, p = 9.7 × 10−5) and dropped from 85.7 % (12/14, PSA levels between 0.3 and 2.0 ng/ml) to 28.6 % (2/7) for PSA levels < 0.3 ng/ml (p = 1.73 × 10−2). In the second cohort (PSA < 2 ng/ml), the detection rate was 79.3 % (46/58) for [68Ga]PSMA-11 or [18F]DCFPyL. Again, the detection rate was significantly higher (p = 1.1 × 10−2) for patients with PSA levels between 0.3 and 2.0 ng/ml (87.0 %, 40/46) relative to those with PSA levels < 0.3 ng/ml (50 %, 6/12). No significant difference was found between [18F]-JK-PSMA-7 and [68Ga]PSMA-11 or [18F]DCFPyL in patients with PSA levels < 2 ng/ml (p = 0.4295). Conclusion [18F]-JK-PSMA-7 PET showed a high detection rate in patients with PSA levels ≥ 0.3 ng/ml under ADT. The lower PSA threshold of 0.3 ng/ml for high detection rates was consistent across the three PSMA ligands. Thus, PSMA imaging is suitable for clinical follow-up of patients with increasing PSA levels under ADT.

scholarly journals MRI-directed biopsy for primary detection of prostate cancer in a population of 223 men: MRI In-Bore vs MRI-transrectal ultrasound fusion-targeted techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Del Monte ◽  
Stefano Cipollari ◽  
Francesco Del Giudice ◽  
Martina Pecoraro ◽  
Marco Bicchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Focal Therapy ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Biopsy Core ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared

Objectives: To compare the detection rates of overall prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant PCa (csPCa) and the median percentage of cancer per biopsy core between MRI-guided In-bore and MRI-TRUS fusion-targeted biopsy (TBx). Methods: In this retrospective study, 223 patients who underwent prostate multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and subsequent MR-directed biopsy were included. For PCa and csPCa detection rate (DR), contingency tables were tested via the Pearson’s chi-squared to explore the variance of the outcome distribution. The percentage of cancer per biopsy core was tested with a two-tailed Mann-Withney test. Results: One hundred and seventeen and 106 patients underwent MRI-TRUS fusion or MRI In-bore TBx, respectively. 402 MRI biopsy targets were identified, of which 206 (51.2%) were biopsied with the MRI-TRUS TBx and 196 (48.8%) with the MRI In-bore TBx technique. Per-patient PCa and csPCa detection rates were 140/223 (62.8%) and 97/223 (43.5%), respectively. PCa-DR was 73/117 (62.4%) and 67/106 (63.2%) for MRI-TRUS and MRI In-Bore TBx (p = 0.9), while csPCa detection rate reached 50/117 (42.7%) and 47/106 (44.3%), respectively (p = 0.81). The median per-patient percentage of malignant tissue within biopsy cores was 50% (IQR: 27–65%) for PCa and 60% (IQR: 35–68%) for csPCa, with a statistically significant difference between the techniques. Conclusion No statistically significant difference in the detection rate of MRI In-bore and MRI-TRUS fusion TBx was found. MRI In-bore TBx showed higher per-core percentage of malignant cells. Advances in knowledge MRI In-bore biopsy might impact risk stratification and patient management considering the higher per-core percentage of malignant cells, especially for patients eligible for active surveillance or focal therapy.

scholarly journals Detection of SFTS Virus RNA and Total Antibodies in Wild Animals, Jiangsu, China, 2014-2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyi Liang ◽  
Zhifeng Li ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Xiaochen Wang ◽  
Jianli Hu
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Severe Fever ◽  
Antibodies Detection

Abstract Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a novel infectious disease caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). Currently, SFTS is endemic to some areas in China, and wild animals are considered to play important roles in the circulation of SFTSV in the environment. Wild animals monitoring for SFTSV has been fulfilled since 2014 in Jiangsu Province. We studied the results of the detection to provide basic data for better diagnosis of wild animals. Methods This research was conducted in Jiangsu Province from 2014 to 2019. Sera of wild animals (Rodents, pheasants and hedgehogs) were collected to detect SFTSV both RNA and total antibodies by qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 25.0 (Chicago, IL, USA).Results A total of 95.8% (1298/1355) of the specimens had the same SFTSV RNA and total antibodies detection results. However, there was a significant difference between the detection rates of SFTSV RNA and total antibodies, and the detection consistency was very poor. The detection rate of SFTSV total antibodies was highest in hedgehogs(19.54%).Conclusions SFTSV total antibodies testing was preferred method during wild animals surveillance. Also, hedgehog could be a competent reservoir for SFTSV.

scholarly journals Tissue Engineering Strategies for Treating Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Sumit Murab ◽  
Teresa Hawk ◽  
Alexander Snyder ◽  
Sydney Herold ◽  
Meghana Totapally ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Surgical Methods

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head commonly leads to symptomatic osteoarthritis of the hip. In older patients, hip replacement is a viable option that restores the hip biomechanics and improves pain but in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients hip replacements impose significant activity limitations and the need for multiple revision surgeries with increasing risk of complication. Early detection of AVN requires a high level of suspicion as diagnostic techniques such as X-rays are not sensitive in the early stages of the disease. There are multiple etiologies that can lead to this disease. In the pediatric and adolescent population, trauma is a commonly recognized cause of AVN. The understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease is limited, adding to the challenge of devising a clinically effective treatment strategy. Surgical techniques to prevent progression of the disease and avoid total hip replacement include core decompression, vascular grafts, and use of bone-marrow derived stem cells with or without adjuncts, such as bisphosphonates and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), all of which are partially effective only in the very early stages of the disease. Further, these strategies often only improve pain and range of motion in the short-term in some patients and do not predictably prevent progression of the disease. Tissue engineering strategies with the combined use of biomaterials, stem cells and growth factors offer a potential strategy to avoid metallic implants and surgery. Structural, bioactive biomaterial platforms could help in stabilizing the femoral head while inducing osteogenic differentiation to regenerate bone and provide angiogenic cues to concomitantly recover vasculature in the femoral head. Moreover, injectable systems that can be delivered using a minimal invasive procedure and provide mechanical support the collapsing femoral head could potentially alleviate the need for surgical interventions in the future. The present review describes the limitations of existing surgical methods and the recent advances in tissue engineering that are leading in the direction of a clinically effective, translational solution for AVN in future.

scholarly journals 3D versus 2D Systematic Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy: Higher Cancer Detection Rate in Clinical Practice

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Peltier ◽  
Fouad Aoun ◽  
Fouad El-Khoury ◽  
Eric Hawaux ◽  
Ksenija Limani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Cancer Detection Rate ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives. To compare prostate cancer detection rates of extended 2D versus 3D biopsies and to further assess the clinical impact of this method in day-to-day practice.Methods. We analyzed the data of a cohort of 220 consecutive patients with no prior history of prostate cancer who underwent an initial prostate biopsy in daily practice due to an abnormal PSA and/or DRE using, respectively, the classical 2D and the new 3D systems. All the biopsies were done by a single experienced operator using the same standardized protocol.Results. There was no significant difference in terms of age, total PSA, or prostate volume between the two groups. However, cancer detection rate was significantly higher using the 3D versus the 2D system, 50% versus 34% (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference while comparing the 2 groups in term of nonsignificant cancer detection.Conclusion. There is reasonable evidence demonstrating the superiority of the 3D-guided biopsies in detecting prostate cancers that would have been missed using the 2D extended protocol.

Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (1P1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bartolozzi ◽  
R. Lencioni ◽  
D. Caramella ◽  
A. Palla ◽  
A. M. Bassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nodular Lesions ◽  
The Difference

Twenty-two patients with 37 small (3 cm or less) nodular lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were examined with ultrasonography (US), CT, MR imaging, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and CT following intraarterial injection of Lipiodol (Lipiodol-CT). All patients subsequently underwent surgery, and the gold standard was provided by intraoperative US. The detection rate was 70% for US, 65% for CT, 62% for MR imaging, 73% for DSA, and 86% for Lipiodol-CT. A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed between the detection rate of Lipiodol-CT and the detection rates of all the other imaging modalities. The difference was even more manifest (p<0.02) when only lesions smaller than or equal to 1 cm were considered. It is concluded that Lipiodol-CT is the single most sensitive examination to detect small nodules of HCC. It should therefore be considered a mandatory step in the preoperative evaluation of patients with HCC considered to be surgical candidates after noninvasive imaging studies.

scholarly journals First Detection of Rotavirus C in Asymptomatic Pigs from India with Unexpected Dominance and Characterization of the Structural and Nonstructural Genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhuri S Joshi ◽  
Shalu A. Arya ◽  
Manohar S. Shinde ◽  
Varanasi Gopalkrishna
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections

Abstract Epidemiological and molecular investigation was conducted on Rotavirus C (RVC), the viral agent documented with rising prevalence rate, disease severity and cross species transmission and large outbreak potential. Fecal specimens of pigs collected from two cities of Maharashtra state, India tested for RVC showed 20.1% detection rate with majority below 3 months of age. No significant difference in detection rates was observed in the specimens collected in 2009 from Northern and in 2013 from Western parts of Maharashtra. The phylogenetic analyses showed presence of the I7 and I10 genotypes of the VP6 gene and representative strains with G1 and E5 genotypes of the VP7 and NSP4 gene respectively. Full genome characterization of a single strain showed presence of G1, P1, I7, R1, C1, M3, A1, N5, T5, E5, H1 genotypes of the VP7, VP4, VP6, VP1, VP2, VP3, NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, NSP4 and NSP5 genes respectively. This is the first evidence of detection of porcine RVC in asymptomatic pigs in India as well as with highest detection rate reported in asymptomatic pigs till date globally. Identification of porcine RVC at two time intervals and two different parts of Maharashtra state indicates the possibility of continuous circulation of RVC in pig population through asymptomatic infections.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the development of avascular necrosis in non-operative treatment of the acute slipped capital femoral epiphysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemanja Slavkovic ◽  
Zoran Vukasinovic ◽  
Slobodan Slavkovic
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Cast Immobilization ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Difficult Condition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Introduction: The acute slipped capital femoral epiphysis can result in development of avascular necrosis of the femoral head which is very difficult condition to treat. Orthopedic surgeon can influence the development of avascular necrosis. Objective The main objective in our study was to identify factors influencing the development of avascular necrosis in nonoperative treated patients for the acute slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Method A total of 53 patients and 59 hips treated for the acute slipped capital femoral epiphysis at the Institute for Orthopedic Surgery "Banjica" between 1968-2004 were studied. Necessary data were obtained from the accurate medical records. Results Avascular necrosis of the femoral head was diagnosed in 8 patients (13.56%). Six of them (75%) were treated by manipulative reduction in general anesthesia and spica cast immobilization. Fischer test, used for statistical data processing, found significant difference between two non-operative methods of treatment (p=0.0008). Conclusion Higher-degree epihyseal displacement as well as complete separation of the physis and metaphysis were found to be the risk factors of avascular necrosis. Every manipulation with the affected hip was also associated with higher percentage of avascular necrosis of the femoral head.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Levels Post COVID-19 Vaccination Based on ELISA Method—A Small Real-World Sample Exploration

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1139
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Li ◽  
Chao Liang ◽  
Xiumei Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Positive Detection Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Antibody Levels

This study investigated the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibodies following inoculation with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine. From June to July 2021, 127 participants who had completed COVID-19 vaccination (inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, 64; CoronaVac, 61; CanSino, 2) were recruited and tested using SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody kits. The positive detection rate (inhibition of neutralizing antibodies ≥ 30%) was calculated and stratified according to population characteristics and inoculation time. The positive rate of neutralizing antibody was 47.22% (17/36) in men and 53.85% (49/91) in women, and 54.55% (24/44) in BMI ≥ 24 and 50.60% (42/83) in BMI < 24. Age was stratified as 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, and ≥50; positive detection rates of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were observed in 60.00% (24/40), 50.00% (21/42), 48.39% (15/31), and 42.86% (6/14), respectively, but with no significant difference (x2 = 1.724, p = 0.632). Among 127 vaccinated participants, 66 (51.97%) were positive. The positive detection rate was 63.93% (39/61) with CoronaVac and 42.19% (27/64) with the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (significance x2 = 5.927, p = 0.015). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant difference in vaccination times, with average vaccination weeks in the positive and negative groups of 11.57 ± 6.48 and 17.87 ± 9.17, respectively (t= −4.501, p < 0.001). The positive neutralizing antibody rate was 100.00%, 60.00%, 58.33%, 55.56%, 43.14%, 28.57%, and 0.00% at 2–4, 5–8, 9–12, 13–16,17–20, 21–24, and >24 weeks, respectively (x2 = 18.030, p = 0.006). Neutralizing antibodies were detected after COVID-19 inoculation, with differences relating to inoculation timing. This study provides a reference for vaccine evaluation and follow-up immunization strengthening.

scholarly journals Convolutional Neural Network for Breast and Thyroid Nodules Diagnosis in Ultrasound Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Liang ◽  
Jinsui Yu ◽  
Jianyi Liao ◽  
Zhiyi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Segmented Images ◽  
The Impact

Objective. The incidence of superficial organ diseases has increased rapidly in recent years. New methods such as computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) are widely used to improve diagnostic efficiency. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are one of the most popular methods, and further improvements of CNNs should be considered. This paper aims to develop a multiorgan CAD system based on CNNs for classifying both thyroid and breast nodules and investigate the impact of this system on the diagnostic efficiency of different preprocessing approaches. Methods. The training and validation sets comprised randomly selected thyroid and breast nodule images. The data were subgrouped into 4 models according to the different preprocessing methods (depending on segmentation and the classification method). A prospective data set was selected to verify the clinical value of the CNN model by comparison with ultrasound guidelines. Diagnostic efficiency was assessed based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results. Among the 4 models, the CNN model using segmented images for classification achieved the best result. For the validation set, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) of our CNN model were 84.9%, 69.0%, 62.5%, 88.2%, 75.0%, and 0.769, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the CNN model and the ultrasound guidelines. The combination of the two methods achieved superior diagnostic efficiency compared with their use individually. Conclusions. The study demonstrates the probability, feasibility, and clinical value of CAD in the ultrasound diagnosis of multiple organs. The use of segmented images and classification by the nature of the disease are the main factors responsible for the improvement of the CNN model. Moreover, the combination of the CNN model and ultrasound guidelines results in better diagnostic performance, which will contribute to the improved diagnostic efficiency of CAD systems.

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