scholarly journals Use of TEOM monitors for continuous long-term sampling of ambient particles for analysis of constituents and biological effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Reza Nosratabadi ◽  
Pål Graff ◽  
Helen Karlsson ◽  
Anders G. Ljungman ◽  
Per Leanderson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Ambient Particles

The mechanistic role of thymoquinone in Parkinson's disease: focus on neuroprotection in pre-clinical studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Najim Uddin ◽  
Mohammad Injamul Hoq ◽  
Israt Jahan ◽  
Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui ◽  
Chayan Dhar Clinton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Movement Difficulties

: Thymoquinone (TQ) is one of the leading phytochemicals, which is abundantly found in Nigella sativa L. seeds. TQ exhibited various biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-tumoral in several pre-clinical studies. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term neurodegenerative disease with movement difficulties, and the common feature of neurodegeneration in PD patients is caused by dopaminergic neural damage in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The neuroprotective activity of TQ has been studied in various neurological disorders. TQ-mediated neuroprotection against PD yet to be reported in a single frame; therefore, this review is intended to narrate the potentiality of TQ in the therapy of PD. TQ has been shown to protect against neurotoxins via amelioration of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, thereby protects neurodegeneration in PD models. TQ could be an emerging therapeutic intervention in PD management, but mechanistic studies have been remained to be investigated to clarify its neuroprotective role.

scholarly journals Effects of Manganese Porphyrins on Cellular Sulfur Metabolism

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Olson ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Andrea K. Steiger ◽  
Michael D. Pluth ◽  
Charles R. Tessier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Redox Cycle ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Manganese Porphyrins ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
H2s Production

Manganese porphyrins (MnPs), MnTE-2-PyP5+, MnTnHex-2-PyP5+ and MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+, are superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics and form a redox cycle between O2 and reductants, including ascorbic acid, ultimately producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We previously found that MnPs oxidize hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to polysulfides (PS; H2Sn, n = 2–6) in buffer. Here, we examine the effects of MnPs for 24 h on H2S metabolism and PS production in HEK293, A549, HT29 and bone marrow derived stem cells (BMDSC) using H2S (AzMC, MeRho-AZ) and PS (SSP4) fluorophores. All MnPs decreased intracellular H2S production and increased intracellular PS. H2S metabolism and PS production were unaffected by cellular O2 (5% versus 21% O2), H2O2 or ascorbic acid. We observed with confocal microscopy that mitochondria are a major site of H2S production in HEK293 cells and that MnPs decrease mitochondrial H2S production and increase PS in what appeared to be nucleoli and cytosolic fibrillary elements. This supports a role for MnPs in the metabolism of H2S to PS, the latter serving as both short- and long-term antioxidants, and suggests that some of the biological effects of MnPs may be attributable to sulfur metabolism.

scholarly journals Long-Term Water Quality and Biological Effects of Alum Treatment of Lake Morey, Vermont

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Smeltzer ◽  
Richard A. Kirn ◽  
Steven Fiske
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Alum Treatment

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Hydrogen Intervention on Plasma Metabolites and Gut Microbiome of Rats in Health Status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xie ◽  
Xue Jiang ◽  
Yang Yi ◽  
Zi-Jia Liu ◽  
Chen Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene

Abstract The potential for preventive and therapeutic applications of H2 have now been confirmed in various disease. However, the effects of H2 on health status have not been fully elucidated. Our previous study reported changes in the body weight and 13 serum biochemical parameters during the six-month hydrogen intervention. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of long-term hydrogen consumption, the plasma metabolome and gut microbiota were investigated in this study. Compared with the control group, 14 and 10 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified in hydrogen-rich water (HRW) and hydrogen inhalation (HI) group, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that HRW intake mainly affected starch and sucrose metabolism, and DMs in HI group were mainly enriched in arginine biosynthesis. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that HRW intake induced significant changes in the structure of gut microbiota, while no marked bacterial community differences was observed in HI group. HRW intake mainly induced significant increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Clostridium XI, and decrease in Bacteroides. HI mainly induced decreased abundances of Blautia and Paraprevotella. The results of this study provide basic data for further research on hydrogen medicine. Determination of the effects of hydrogen intervention on microbiota profiles could also shed light on identification of mechanism underlying the biological effects of molecular hydrogen.

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF 131I AND 125I ISOTOPES OF IODINE IN THE RAT

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. DONIACH ◽  
D. J. SHALE
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Radioiodine Uptake ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Serum Tsh

SUMMARY From the differences in radiation profiles between 131I and 125I isotopes of iodine it would be expected that they would show different effects on thyroid function. The differences should lead to lower rates of thyroid gland destruction with 125I and hence less post-irradiation hypothyroidism. This difference in biological effect has been demonstrated in rats by indirect assessment of thyroid function. In this report the long-term effects of a range of similar doses of 131I and 125I were compared, in male and female rats, by direct assessment of thyroid function. Seventeen months after receiving 25 and 125 μCi of 131I, male and female rats showed significant elevation of serum TSH concentration and a reduction in 3 h radioiodine uptake. Rats receiving 1 and 5 μCi of 131I and all doses of 125I showed no significant changes in thyroid function. These findings confirm the previously reported differences in effect between the 131I and 125I isotopes of iodine in the rat.

Long-Term Temporal Changes in the Estrogenic Composition of Treated Sewage Effluent and Its Biological Effects on Fish

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1521-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor P. Rodgers-Gray ◽  
Susan Jobling ◽  
Steven Morris ◽  
Carole Kelly ◽  
Sonia Kirby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Treated Sewage Effluent

scholarly journals Material Science in Cervical Total Disc Replacement

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin H. Pham ◽  
Vivek A. Mehta ◽  
Alexander Tuchman ◽  
Patrick C. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Total Disc Replacement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disc Replacement ◽  
Disc Space ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
Cervical Total Disc Replacement ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Cobalt Chrome

Current cervical total disc replacement (TDR) designs incorporate a variety of different biomaterials including polyethylene, stainless steel, titanium (Ti), and cobalt-chrome (CoCr). These materials are most important in their utilization as bearing surfaces which allow for articular motion at the disc space. Long-term biological effects of implanted materials include wear debris, host inflammatory immune reactions, and osteolysis resulting in implant failure. We review here the most common materials used in cervical TDR prosthetic devices, examine their bearing surfaces, describe the construction of the seven current cervical TDR devices that are approved for use in the United States, and discuss known adverse biological effects associated with long-term implantation of these materials. It is important to appreciate and understand the variety of biomaterials available in the design and construction of these prosthetics and the considerations which guide their implementation.

scholarly journals Longstanding Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis of More Than 20 Years

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 632-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis ◽  
Gastric Body ◽  
Clinical Relapse ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mucosal Folds ◽  
Erosive Change ◽  
Symptomatic Benefit

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is an eosinophil-predominant inflammatory process that may be detected in endoscopic gastric or intestinal biopsies. The long-term natural history and effects of EGE treatment are not known. A 44-year-old man with abdominal pain was treated with oral ketotifen and followed for more than 20 years. Ketotifen provided symptomatic benefit, with prompt clinical relapse if the drug was discontinued. However, despite the use of ketotifen, the endoscopic abnormalities persisted and appeared to progress. Gastric body and antral mucosal folds appeared thickened, erythematous and friable, with minimal erosive change. Later, even during long asymptomatic periods suggesting clinical ‘remission’, inflammatory polypoid change, previously described in children with EGE, developed with mucosal ‘pock-marking’ and apparent scarring. Ketotifen treatment does not appear to prohibit or reverse the inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa in EGE, although long-term effects of steroids may be avoided. In the future, treatment of EGE may involve monoclonal antibody agents that target the specific biological effects of the eosino-phil, apparently central to this unusual inflammatory process.

The laboratory estimation of the biological effects of organic pollutants

1975 ◽  
Vol 189 (1096) ◽  
pp. 459-477 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Animal Community ◽  
Measured Response

The laboratory estimation of the toxic effects of organic pollutants relies on successive investigations of increasing sensitivity. Acute toxicity tests are useful in providing an index of relative toxicity between compounds but are of limited value for making ecological predictions. Many factors can influence the assessment of acute toxicity, with chemical stability of the test solutions and the species of test organisms employed being perhaps the most important of these. Many sub-lethal tests are also of limited value because the importance of the measured response for the well-being of the animal community as a whole is not established. The basic requirements of sub-lethal techniques are discussed, especially in relation to compounds which may exert their toxic action through accumulation in the tissues in the long term. The possibility of relating the toxicity of a compound to its chemical structure is considered.

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