Current Treatment Strategies for Heart Failure: Role of Device Therapy and LV Reconstruction

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Praneeth Janaswamy ◽  
Tomos E. Walters ◽  
Babak Nazer ◽  
Randall J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Device Therapy

scholarly journals Peripartum cardiomyopathy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Citro ◽  
Roberta Giudice ◽  
Marco Mirra ◽  
Rosa Paolillo ◽  
Chiara Paolillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Multicenter Trials ◽  
Autoimmune Processes ◽  
Long Term Prognosis

Peripartum cardiomyopathy is an uncommon form of congestive heart failure associated with systolic dysfunction of left ventricle. The onset is characterised by symptoms of heart failure occurring between the last month of pregnancy and 5-6 months postpartum. The early diagnosis and the institution of medical treatment for this disease are essential because the inadequate management may affect the patient’s long-term prognosis and can lead to severe complications, including death.Currently its aetiology is not completely understood. Many aetiopathogenetic hypotheses have been formulated: inflammation, viral agents, autoimmune processes. In the last years, evidences aroused for a role of prolactin and its 16 kDa metabolite in reducing cardiomyocite metabolic activity and contraction. In this article we have reviewed the current literature with special emphasis on the role of prolactin and the related current treatment strategies. In particular, bromocriptine appears promising, even if women need to be informed that the drug stops the production of breastmilk. Further researchers, such as large multicenter trials, are needed to decide the best treatment for the women suffering of this disease.

scholarly journals Peripartum cardiomyopathy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Citro ◽  
Roberta Giudice ◽  
Marco Mirra ◽  
Rosa Paolillo ◽  
Chiara Paolillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Multicenter Trials ◽  
Autoimmune Processes ◽  
Long Term Prognosis

Peripartum cardiomyopathy is an uncommon form of congestive heart failure associated with systolic dysfunction of left ventricle. The onset is characterised by symptoms of heart failure occurring between the last month of pregnancy and 5-6 months postpartum. The early diagnosis and the institution of medical treatment for this disease are essential because the inadequate management may affect the patient’s long-term prognosis and can lead to severe complications, including death.Currently its aetiology is not completely understood. Many aetiopathogenetic hypotheses have been formulated: inflammation, viral agents, autoimmune processes. In the last years, evidences aroused for a role of prolactin and its 16 kDa metabolite in reducing cardiomyocite metabolic activity and contraction. In this article we have reviewed the current literature with special emphasis on the role of prolactin and the related current treatment strategies. In particular, bromocriptine appears promising, even if women need to be informed that the drug stops the production of breastmilk. Further researchers, such as large multicenter trials, are needed to decide the best treatment for the women suffering of this disease.

scholarly journals Targeting cancer stem cells in squamous cell carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demeng Chen ◽  
Cun-Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Small Population

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly aggressive tumor and the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Current treatment strategies for HNSCC are surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or combinatorial therapies. However, the overall 5-year survival rate of HNSCC patients remains at about 50%. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small population among tumor cells, are able to self-renew and differentiate into different tumor cell types in a hierarchical manner, similar to normal tissue. In HNSCC, CSCs are proposed to be responsible for tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular characteristics of CSCs in HNSCC. We summarize current approaches used in the literature for identification of HNSCC CSCs, and mechanisms required for CSC regulation. We also highlight the role of CSCs in treatment failure and therapeutic targeting options for eliminating CSCs in HNSCC.

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding of the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Prendecki ◽  
Charles D. Pusey
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Complement System ◽  
Made In

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are rare systemic autoimmune diseases characterised by inflammation of small blood vessels. Recent developments have been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases, including the pathogenic role of ANCA, neutrophils and monocytes as mediators of injury, dysregulation of the complement system, and the role of T and B cells. Current treatment strategies for AAV are based on broad immunosuppression, which may have significant side effects. Advances in understanding of the pathogenesis of disease have led to the identification of new therapeutic targets which may lead to treatment protocols with less-toxic side effects. The aim of this review is to summarise current information and recent advances in understanding of the pathogenesis of AAV.

scholarly journals Role of the Myokine Irisin on Bone Homeostasis: Review of the Current Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9136
Author(s):  
Amanda Kornel ◽  
Danja J. Den Hartogh ◽  
Panagiota Klentrou ◽  
Evangelia Tsiani
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Bone is a highly dynamic tissue that is constantly adapting to micro-changes to facilitate movement. When the balance between bone building and resorption shifts more towards bone resorption, the result is reduced bone density and mineralization, as seen in osteoporosis or osteopenia. Current treatment strategies aimed to improve bone homeostasis and turnover are lacking in efficacy, resulting in the search for new preventative and nutraceutical treatment options. The myokine irisin, since its discovery in 2012, has been shown to play an important role in many tissues including muscle, adipose, and bone. Evidence indicate that irisin is associated with increased bone formation and decreased bone resorption, leading to reduced risk of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. In addition, low serum irisin levels have been found in individuals with osteoporosis and osteopenia. Irisin targets key signaling proteins, promoting osteoblastogenesis and reducing osteoclastogenesis. The present review summarizes the existing evidence regarding the effects of irisin on bone homeostasis.

scholarly journals Diabetic Kinome Inhibitors—A New Opportunity for β-Cells Restoration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 9083
Author(s):  
Barbara Pucelik ◽  
Agata Barzowska ◽  
Janusz M. Dąbrowski ◽  
Anna Czarna
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Binding Modes ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
And Function

Diabetes, and several diseases related to diabetes, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders, represent one of the major ongoing threats to human life, becoming a true pandemic of the 21st century. Current treatment strategies for diabetes mainly involve promoting β-cell differentiation, and one of the most widely studied targets for β-cell regeneration is DYRK1A kinase, a member of the DYRK family. DYRK1A has been characterized as a key regulator of cell growth, differentiation, and signal transduction in various organisms, while further roles and substrates are the subjects of extensive investigation. The targets of interest in this review are implicated in the regulation of β-cells through DYRK1A inhibition—through driving their transition from highly inefficient and death-prone populations into efficient and sufficient precursors of islet regeneration. Increasing evidence for the role of DYRK1A in diabetes progression and β-cell proliferation expands the potential for pharmaceutical applications of DYRK1A inhibitors. The variety of new compounds and binding modes, determined by crystal structure and in vitro studies, may lead to new strategies for diabetes treatment. This review provides recent insights into the initial self-activation of DYRK1A by tyrosine autophosphorylation. Moreover, the importance of developing novel DYRK1A inhibitors and their implications for the treatment of diabetes are thoroughly discussed. The evolving understanding of DYRK kinase structure and function and emerging high-throughput screening technologies have been described. As a final point of this work, we intend to promote the term “diabetic kinome” as part of scientific terminology to emphasize the role of the synergistic action of multiple kinases in governing the molecular processes that underlie this particular group of diseases.

scholarly journals Association Between Arterial Stiffness and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Chi ◽  
Yifan Liu ◽  
Yawei Xu ◽  
Dachun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Media

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in the world. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for about half of all heart failure. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of HFpEF are still unclear, leading to little progress of effective treatment of HFpEF. Arterial stiffness is the decrement of arterial compliance. The media of large arteries degenerate in both physiological and pathological conditions. Many studies have proven that arterial stiffness is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disorders including diastolic dysfunction. In this perspective, we discussed if arterial stiffness is related to HFpEF, and how does arterial stiffness contribute to HFpEF. Finally, we briefly summarized current treatment strategies on arterial stiffness and HFpEF. Though some new drugs were developed, the safety and effectiveness were not adequately assessed. New pharmacologic treatment for arterial stiffness and HFpEF are urgently needed.

scholarly journals The Role of Sex Hormones in Multiple Sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirla Avila ◽  
Arpana Bansal ◽  
John Culberson ◽  
Alan N. Peiris
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelination disorder with an immune-mediated pathophysiology that affects the central nervous system (CNS). Like other autoimmune conditions, it has a predilection for female gender. This suggests a gender bias and a possible hormonal association. Inflammation and demyelination are hallmarks of MS. Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the CNS and these continue to be generated by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). The process of remyelination represents a major form of plasticity in the developing adult CNS. Remyelination does occur in MS, but the process is largely inadequate and/or incomplete. Current treatment strategies primarily focus on reducing inflammation or immunosuppression, but there is a need for more extensive research on re-myelination as a possible mechanism of treatment. Previous studies have shown that pregnancy leads to an increase in OPC proliferation, oligodendrocyte generation and the number of myelinated axons in the maternal CNS. Studies have also suggested that this remyelination is possibly mediated by estriol. Sex hormones in particular have been shown to have an immuno-protective effect in TH1-driven autoimmunity diseases. The aim of our article is to review the available research on sex hormone-specific immune modulatory effects, assess its remyelination potential in MS, and suggest a future path for more extensive research on sex hormone as a target for therapeutics in MS.

scholarly journals The Role of the Cutaneous Microbiome in Hidradenitis Suppurativa—Light at the End of the Microbiological Tunnel

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Langan ◽  
Recke ◽  
Bokor-Billmann ◽  
Billmann ◽  
Kahle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Acne Inversa ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Inflammatory Skin ◽  
Personalised Treatment ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The development of next generation sequencing, coupled with advances in bio-informatics, has provided new insights into the role of the cutaneous microbiome in the pathophysiology of a range of inflammatory skin diseases. In fact, it has even been suggested that the identification of specific skin microbial signatures may not only be useful in terms of diagnosis of skin diseases but they may also ultimately help inform personalised treatment strategies. To date, research investigating the role of microbiota in the development of inflammatory skin diseases has largely focused on atopic eczema and psoriasis vulgaris. The role of the microbiome in Hidradenits suppurativa (HS)—also known as acne inversa—a chronic auto-inflammatory skin disease associated with significant morbidity, has received comparatively little attention. This is despite the fact that antimicrobial therapy plays a central role in the treatment of HS. After briefly outlining the clinical features of HS and current treatment strategies, we move on to review the evidence of microbial dysbiosis in HS pathophysiology. We conclude by outlining the potential for metagenomic studies to deepen our understanding of HS biology but more importantly to identify novel and much needed treatment strategies.

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