Comparison of a Modified Hemoglobin Regeneration Efficiency Method with a Slope-Ratio Assay in Measuring Relative Bioavailability of Cocoa Powder Iron Using Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 1103-1109
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Yokoi ◽  
Aki Konomi ◽  
Miki Otagi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Powder Iron ◽  
Regeneration Efficiency

scholarly journals Relative bioavailability of guanidinoacetic acid delivered ruminally or abomasally to cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah F Speer ◽  
Kimberly A Pearl ◽  
Evan C Titgemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Treatment Sequence ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Water Infusion ◽  
Guanidinoacetic Acid ◽  
Abomasal Infusion ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples

Abstract This study assessed the relative bioavailability of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) in cattle. Seven ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (initial body weight of 280 kg) were used in an experiment with a 5 × 5 Latin square design; the two additional steers received a treatment sequence identical to two steers in the Latin square. Treatments were: control (no GAA, water infusion), ruminal infusion of 10 or 20 g/d GAA, and abomasal infusion of 10 or 20 g/d GAA, with all infusions delivered continuously. Periods were 7 d in length, and on day 7, blood and urine samples were collected to determine the concentrations of GAA and its associated metabolites. Plasma creatine concentrations increased linearly (P < 0.01) with GAA infusion to the abomasum and tended to increase linearly (P = 0.06) when GAA was infused ruminally. Urinary creatine concentrations increased linearly with increasing amounts of GAA infused in the abomasum (P < 0.01) and the rumen (P < 0.05). There were no significant effects of GAA infusion to either the abomasum or rumen on plasma or urinary concentrations of GAA. Plasma creatinine concentrations were not affected by GAA infusion to the abomasum or rumen. Urinary creatinine concentrations decreased when GAA was infused abomasally (P < 0.05). Because plasma and urinary creatine concentrations yielded the statistically strongest linear responses, they were selected as the primary response criteria for quantifying ruminal escape of GAA. Calculated by slope-ratio methodology, estimates for the ruminal escape of GAA based on plasma creatine and urinary creatine concentrations were 47% and 49%, respectively. Ruminally infused GAA was about half as effective as abomasally infused GAA in elevating plasma and urinary concentrations of creatine.

scholarly journals Bioavailability ofD-methionine relative toL-methionine for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsu Kong ◽  
Jong Young Ahn ◽  
Beob G. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Quadratic Response

This experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability ofD-methionine (Met) relative toL-Met for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay. A total of 50 crossbred barrows with an initial BW of 13.5 kg (SD = 1.0) were used in an N balance study. A Met-deficient basal diet (BD) was formulated to contain an adequate amount of all amino acids (AA) for 10–20 kg pigs except for Met. The two reference diets were prepared by supplementing the BD with 0.4 or 0.8 gL-Met/kg at the expense of corn starch, and an equivalent concentration ofD-Met was added to the BD for the two test diets. The pigs were adapted to the experimental diets for 5 d and then total but separated collection of feces and urine was conducted for 4 d according to the marker-to-marker procedure. Nitrogen intakes were similar across the treatments. Fecal N output was not affected by Met supplementation regardless of source and consequently apparent N digestibility did not change. Conversely, there was a negative linear response (P< 0.01) to Met supplementation with both Met isomers in urinary N output, which resulted in increased retained N (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake). No quadratic response was observed in any of the N balance criteria. The estimated bioavailability ofD-Met relative toL-Met from urinary N output (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake) as dependent variables using supplemental Met intake (g/4 d) as an independent variable were 87.6% and 89.6%, respectively; however, approximately 95% of the fiducial limits for the relative bioavailability estimates included 100%. In conclusion, with an absence of statistical significance, the present study indicated that the mean relative bioequivalence ofD- toL-Met was 87.6% based on urinary N output or 89.6% based on N retention.

scholarly journals Relative bioavailability of phosphorus in low-phytate soybean meal for broiler chicks

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Sands ◽  
D. Ragland ◽  
J. R. Wilcox ◽  
O. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Response Criteria ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Total P

A 14-d chick bioassay was conducted to estimate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of P in a low-phytate soybean meal (LPSBM) using slope-ratio techniques. A corn-soybean meal basal diet was formulated to supply total P and Ca at 3.3 and 10.5 g kg-1, respectively. Three reference diets were formulated by the addition of 0, 0.5 or 1.0 g kg-1 total P from monosodium phosphate (MSP). Four test diets were formulated by the addition of 0.5 or 1.0 g kg-1 total P from LPSBM or soybean meal (SBM). The additions of MSP, LPSBM, or SBM were made at the expense of corn starch. A diet consisting of the basal diet plus supplemental methionine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan was also included to confirm that response to diets containing LPSBM or SBM was not due to the higher concentration of amino acids in those diets. Each diet was randomly assigned to six replicate cages of four birds. Birds were fed from 1 to 3 wk of age. Body weight gain (P < 0.01) and feed intake (FI, P < 0.05) increased linearly as supplemental dietary P increased from 0 to 1.0 g kg-1 for chicks fed diets containing MSP or LPSBM. Chicks that received the basal P level had the lowest body weight gain and FI. No differences were observed between the basal diet and the amino-acid-supplemented basal diet in any of the response criteria measured indicating that the response to tests was due to the increasing levels of dietary P. Tibia mineral content (TMC) and tibia ash weight (ASH) increased linearly (P < 0.001) in response to supplemental P from MSP, LPSBM and SBM. The RBV for LPSBM and SBM using ASH as the response criteria were estimated at 52 ± 10% and 36 ± 8%, respectively. The RBV for LPSBM and SBM using TMC as the response criteria were estimated at 61 ± 9% and 39 ± 7% , respectively. The RBV of LPSBM was 12 to 16 percentage points higher than SBM depending on the response criteria used for estimating RBV. The results of this study clearly indicate that P from LPSBM is more bioavailable than P from SBM. Key words: Chicks, phosphorus, low-phytate soybean meal, bioavailability, slope-ratio

scholarly journals Bioavailability of D-methionine relative to L-methionine for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsu Kong ◽  
Jong Young Ahn ◽  
Beob G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Quadratic Response

This experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of D-methionine (Met) relative to L-Met for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay. A total of 50 crossbred barrows with an initial BW of 13.5 kg (SD = 1.0) were used in an N balance study. A Met-deficient basal diet (BD) was formulated to contain an adequate amount of all amino acids for 10 to 20 kg pigs except for Met. The two reference diets were prepared by supplementing the BD with 0.4 or 0.8 g L-Met/kg at the expense of corn starch, and an equivalent concentration of D-Met was added to the BD for the two test diets. The pigs were adapted to the experimental diets for 5 d and then total but separated collection of feces and urine was conducted for 4 d according to the marker-to-marker procedure. Nitrogen intakes were similar across the treatments. Fecal N output was not affected by Met supplementation regardless of source and consequently apparent N digestibility did not change. Conversely, there was a negative linear response (P < 0.01) to Met supplementation with both Met isomers in urinary N output, which resulted in increased retained N (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake). No quadratic response was observed in any of the N balance criteria. The estimated bioavailability of D-Met relative to L-Met from urinary N output (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake) as dependent variables using supplemental Met intake (g/4 d) as an independent variable were 87.6 and 89.6%, respectively, but approximate 95% fiducial limits for the relative bioavailability estimates included 100%. In conclusion, with an absence of statistical significance, the present study indicated that the mean relative bioequivalence of D- to L-Met was 87.6% based on urinary N output or 89.6% based on N retention.

scholarly journals 119 Bioavailability of L-Methionine in comparison to DL-Methionine for nitrogen retention of weaned and growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 66-67
Author(s):  
Raphael P Caetano ◽  
Luan S Santos ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Alini M Veira ◽  
Welex C Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Molar Basis ◽  
Young Pigs

Abstract Two nitrogen (N) balance studies were conducted to compare the relative bioavailability (RBV) of L-Met with DL-Met as Met sources in young pigs. In each experiment, 42 barrows (PIC; initial BW in Exp. 1: 10.7 kg and Exp. 2: 20.5 kg) were allotted to 7 experimental diets with 6 pigs per treatment. The basal diets (diet 1) were formulated based on corn and soybean meal being deficient in Met, but adequate for the other AA (Exp. 1: 0.24% standardized ileal digestible [SID] Met; 0.53% SID Met + Cys; 1.30% SID Lys; Exp 2: 0.23% SID Met; 0.47% SID Met + Cys; 1.15% SID Lys). Three graded levels of DL-Met and L-Met (0.03, 0.06 and 0.09%) were supplemented to the basal diet on top to create diets 2 to 7 for both studies. In Exp.1, N retention (% of N absorbed) increased linearly (P < 0.05) with supplementation with both Met sources. The slope-ratio regression estimated the RBV of 106% [95% confidence interval (CI): 39 to 173%] for N retention (% of absorbed) on an equi-molar basis. In Exp. 2, N retained (g/d), N retention (% of N intake and % of N absorbed) increased linearly (P < 0.05) by supplementing with both Met sources. There was no effect of Met sources on all N balance parameters in both studies. The slope-ratio estimated the RBV of 89% (95% CI: -28 to 206%) for N retained (g/d), 95% (95% CI: 13 to 177%) for N retention (% of N intake) and 94% (95% CI: 20 to 167%) for N retention (% of N absorbed), respectively on an equi-molar basis. In conclusion, the 95% CI for the RBV of L-Met covers 100%, indicating the RBV of L-Met is not different from that of DL-Met as a Met source for weaned and growing pigs.

scholarly journals Iron bioavailability of cocoa powder as determined by the Hb regeneration efficiency method

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Yokoi ◽  
Aki Konomi ◽  
Miki Otagi
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Ferric Citrate ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Regeneration Efficiency ◽  
The Difference

Fe deficiency is a public-health problem worldwide, and effective measures for preventing Fe deficiency are needed. The aim of the present study was to determine the bioavailability of Fe in cocoa using the Hb regeneration efficiency (HRE) method. Thirty-five F344/N male weanling rats were fed a low-Fe diet for 4 weeks to deplete body Fe stores. Then, four groups of seven animals each were repleted for 20 d using a modified AIN-93G diet fortified with ferrous sulphate, ferric citrate or two brands of cocoa powder to provide a total dietary Fe concentration of 20 mg/kg. As a negative control, seven rats were maintained on the low-Fe diet. The HRE were 0·733, 0·350, 0·357 and 0·336 for ferrous sulphate, ferric citrate and the two brands of cocoa powder, respectively. The relative biological values (RBV), defined as the ratio of the sample HRE to that of ferrous sulphate, were 0·478, 0·488 and 0·459 for ferric citrate and the two brands of cocoa powder, respectively. The Fe bioavailability of cocoa was significantly less than that of ferrous sulphate and was similar to that of ferric citrate. The difference in Fe bioavailability between the two brands of cocoa powder was negligible. When the negative control was used to correct the data, estimates of the RBV derived from Hb gain were similar to those derived from the HRE. These results suggest that cocoa is a significant source of moderately bioavailable Fe.

Bioavailability of the DL-methionine and the calcium salt of DL-methionine hydroxy analog compared with L-methionine for nitrogen retention in starter pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhou ◽  
Zhengcai Yuan ◽  
Daiwen Chen ◽  
Huifeng Wang ◽  
Yan Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
N Retention ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Linear Slope

Abstract Two nitrogen balance studies were conducted to evaluate the relative bioavailability values (RBV) of DL-Methionine (DL-Met) and DL-Methionine hydroxy analog calcium salt (MHA-Ca) to L-Methionine (L-Met) as Met sources fed to pigs. In Exp. 1, 42 pigs were assigned to 7 treatments feeding with basal diet (BD) formulated to be deficient in Met (0.22% standardized ileal digestible basis) but adequate in other amino acids. Diets included (1) BD, (2) BD + 0.025% DL-Met, (3) BD + 0.050% DL-Met, (4) BD + 0.075% DL-Met, (5) BD + 0.025% L-Met, (6) BD + 0.050% L-Met, and (7) BD + 0.075% L-Met. Increasing levels of L-Met and DL-Met enhanced N retained (g/d) and N retention (% of intake) linearly (P &lt; 0.01). Using a linear slope-ratio procedure, a product-to-product RBV of DL-Met compared to L-Met was 94% (95% confidence limits: 65 to 123%) based on N retained expressed as g/d and 99% (95% confidence limits: 70 to 128%) for N retention expressed as % of intake. In Exp. 2, 42 pigs were allotted to 7 treatments in another N-balance trial. Diets included (1) BD, (2) BD + 0.025% L-Met, (3) BD + 0.050% L-Met, (4) BD + 0.075% L-Met, (5) BD + 0.030% MHA-Ca, (6) BD + 0.060% MHA-Ca, and (7) BD + 0.089% MHA-Ca. An increase in dietary inclusion rates of L-Met increased (P &lt; 0.01) N retained (g/d) linearly while increasing levels of MHA-Ca had no effects (P &gt; 0.05) on N retained (g/d) and N retention (% of intake). Using linear slope-ratio regression, the RBV of MHA-Ca compared to L-Met was 70% (95% confidence limits: 59 to 81%) on a product-to-product basis or 83% on equimolar basis based on N retained expressed as g/d. Overall, the mean RBV of DL-Met to L-Met of 97% (95% confidence limits cover 100%) indicated that DL-Met and L-Met are equally bioavailable as Met sources in pigs. Compared to L-Met, the RBV of MHA-Ca was lower at 70% (95% confidence limits: 59 to 81%) on a product-to-product basis or 83% on equimolar basis in starter pigs.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of D-methionine relative to L-methionine for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsu Kong ◽  
Jong Young Ahn ◽  
Beob G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Quadratic Response

This experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of D-methionine (Met) relative to L-Met for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay. A total of 50 crossbred barrows with an initial BW of 13.5 kg (SD = 1.0) were used in an N balance study. A Met-deficient basal diet (BD) was formulated to contain an adequate amount of all amino acids for 10 to 20 kg pigs except for Met. The two reference diets were prepared by supplementing the BD with 0.4 or 0.8 g L-Met/kg at the expense of corn starch, and an equivalent concentration of D-Met was added to the BD for the two test diets. The pigs were adapted to the experimental diets for 5 d and then total but separated collection of feces and urine was conducted for 4 d according to the marker-to-marker procedure. Nitrogen intakes were similar across the treatments. Fecal N output was not affected by Met supplementation regardless of source and consequently apparent N digestibility did not change. Conversely, there was a negative linear response (P < 0.01) to Met supplementation with both Met isomers in urinary N output, which resulted in increased retained N (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake). No quadratic response was observed in any of the N balance criteria. The estimated bioavailability of D-Met relative to L-Met from urinary N output (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake) as dependent variables using supplemental Met intake (g/4 d) as an independent variable were 87.6 and 89.6%, respectively, but approximate 95% fiducial limits for the relative bioavailability estimates included 100%. In conclusion, with an absence of statistical significance, the present study indicated that the mean relative bioequivalence of D- to L-Met was 87.6% based on urinary N output or 89.6% based on N retention.

scholarly journals Digestibility and bioavailability of organic calcium sources for European quail

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3275-3284
Author(s):  
Ana Patricia Alves Leão ◽  
◽  
Sandra Roseli Valerio Lana ◽  
Geraldo Roberto Quintão Lana ◽  
Romilton Ferreira Barros Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Calcium Sources

The objective of this study was to determine the apparent and true digestibility coefficients and relative bioavailability of charru mussel, maçunim (Anomalocardia brasiliana) and oyster shells as organic calcium sources for meat quail. In the digestibility trial, 240 quail were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with five diets (calcitic limestone, calcium carbonate and three marine calcium sources), five replicates and eight quails per experimental unit. The relative bioavailability of calcium was determined by the standard-curve and slope ratio methods in a growth trial in which 288 European quail were distributed in completely randomized experimental design. Treatments consisted of basal diet with a low calcium concentration (0.166%) that was supplemented with two levels of calcium (0.342% and 0.684%) derived from different calcium sources. The apparent and true digestibility coefficients of calcium from charru mussel-, maçunim- and oyster-shell meals for meat quail were 91.85 and 92.04%; 91.71 and 91.90%; and 89.39 and 89.63%, respectively. The relative bioavailability of calcium from charru mussel-, maçunim- and oyster-shell meals obtained using standard-curve and slope ratio methods were 133.22 and 119.18%; 140.05 and 113.69%; and 141.73 and 106.22%, respectively, allowing the use of these organic calcium sources in diet formulations for meat quail.

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