Novel role of long non-coding RNAs in autoimmune cutaneous disease

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with 19 to 24 nucleotides which are evolutionally conserved. MicroRNAs play a regulatory role in many cellular functions such as immune mechanisms, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. The main function of miRNAs is the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation. In fact, many of them act as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. These molecular structures participate in many physiological and pathological processes of the cell. The virus can also produce them for developing its pathogenic processes. It was initially thought that viruses without nuclear replication cycle such as Poxviridae and RNA viruses can not code miRNA, but recently, it has been proven that RNA viruses can also produce miRNA. The aim of this articles is to describe viral miRNAs biogenesis and their effects on cellular and viral genes.

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MicroRNAs as Biomarker for Breast Cancer

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530320666200428113051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 1597-1610 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Taru Aggarwal ◽

Ridhima Wadhwa ◽

Riya Gupta ◽

Keshav Raj Paudel ◽

Trudi Collet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Association Studies ◽

Large Family ◽

Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Cell Multiplication ◽

Cell Physiology ◽

Gene Transcript ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Non Coding Rnas

Regardless of advances in detection and treatment, breast cancer affects about 1.5 million women all over the world. Since the last decade, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been extensively conducted for breast cancer to define the role of miRNA as a tool for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that are associated with the regulation of key cellular processes such as cell multiplication, differentiation, and death. They cause a disturbance in the cell physiology by interfering directly with the translation and stability of a targeted gene transcript. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a large family of non-coding RNAs, which regulate target gene expression and protein levels that affect several human diseases and are suggested as the novel markers or therapeutic targets, including breast cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) alterations are not only associated with metastasis, tumor genesis but also used as biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis or prognosis. These are explained in detail in the following review. This review will also provide an impetus to study the role of microRNAs in breast cancer.

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Emerging role of non-coding RNAs in response of cancer cells to radiotherapy

Pathology - Research and Practice ◽

10.1016/j.prp.2020.153327 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 218 ◽

pp. 153327

Author(s):

Kaveh Ebahimzadeh ◽

Hamed Shoorei ◽

Seyed Ali Mousavinejad ◽

Farhad Tondro Anamag ◽

Marcel E. Dinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Cells ◽

Non Coding Rnas

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The expression profile and role of non-coding RNAs in obesity

European Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173809 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 892 ◽

pp. 173809

Author(s):

Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard ◽

Mohammad Taheri

Keyword(s):

Expression Profile ◽

Non Coding Rnas

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Identification and characterization of early Fusarium wilt responsive mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in banana root using high-throughput sequencing

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95832-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chunzhen Cheng ◽

Fan Liu ◽

Na Tian ◽

Raphael Anue Mensah ◽

Xueli Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Function Analysis ◽

Regulatory Role ◽

Novel Genes ◽

Root Transcriptome ◽

Qrt Pcr ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Infection Stage

AbstractFusarium wilt disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc), has been recognized as the most devastating disease to banana. The regulatory role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in plant defense has been verified in many plant species. However, the understanding of their role during early FocTR4 (Foc tropical race 4) infection stage is very limited. In this study, lncRNA sequencing was used to reveal banana root transcriptome profile changes during early FocTR4 infection stages. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to confirm the expression of eight differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs (DELs) and their predicted target genes (DETs), and three DE genes (DEGs). Totally, 12,109 lncRNAs, 36,519 mRNAs and 2642 novel genes were obtained, of which 1398 (including 78 DELs, 1220 DE known genes and 100 DE novel genes) were identified as FocTR4 responsive DE transcripts. Gene function analysis revealed that most DEGs were involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant–pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism and so on. Coincidently, many DETs have been identified as DEGs in previous transcriptome studies. Moreover, many DETs were found to be involved in ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation, lipoic acid metabolism, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, N-glycan biosynthesis, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and DNA damage response pathways. QRT-PCR result showed the expression patterns of the selected transcripts were mostly consistent with our lncRNA sequencing data. Our present study showed the regulatory role of lncRNAs on known biotic and abiotic stress responsive genes and some new-found FocTR4 responsive genes, which can provide new insights into FocTR4-induced changes in the banana root transcriptome during the early pathogen infection stage.

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Assessment of the role of non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease

European Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173914 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 896 ◽

pp. 173914

Author(s):

Omidvar Rezaei ◽

Saeedeh Nateghinia ◽

Mehrdad A. Estiar ◽

Mohammad Taheri ◽

Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Non Coding Rnas

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Drug Resistance in Osteosarcoma: Emerging Biomarkers, Therapeutic Targets and Treatment Strategies

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13122878 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2878

Author(s):

Claudia Maria Hattinger ◽

Maria Pia Patrizio ◽

Leonardo Fantoni ◽

Chiara Casotti ◽

Chiara Riganti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Therapeutic Targets ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Cure Rate ◽

Acquired Drug Resistance ◽

Unselected Patient ◽

Dismal Prognosis ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

High Grade Osteosarcoma

High-grade osteosarcoma (HGOS), the most common primary malignant tumor of bone, is a highly aggressive neoplasm with a cure rate of approximately 40–50% in unselected patient populations. The major clinical problems opposing the cure of HGOS are the presence of inherent or acquired drug resistance and the development of metastasis. Since the drugs used in first-line chemotherapy protocols for HGOS and clinical outcome have not significantly evolved in the past three decades, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic biomarkers and targeted treatment strategies, which may increase the currently available spectrum of cure modalities. Unresponsive or chemoresistant (refractory) HGOS patients usually encounter a dismal prognosis, mostly because therapeutic options and drugs effective for rescue treatments are scarce. Tailored treatments for different subgroups of HGOS patients stratified according to drug resistance-related biomarkers thus appear as an option that may improve this situation. This review explores drug resistance-related biomarkers, therapeutic targets and new candidate treatment strategies, which have emerged in HGOS. In addition to consolidated biomarkers, specific attention has been paid to the role of non-coding RNAs, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles, and cancer stem cells as contributors to drug resistance in HGOS, in order to highlight new candidate markers and therapeutic targets. The possible use of new non-conventional drugs to overcome the main mechanisms of drug resistance in HGOS are finally discussed.

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The role of exosomal non‐coding RNAs in aging‐related diseases

BioFactors ◽

10.1002/biof.1715 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sanam Dolati ◽

Seyed Kazem Shakouri ◽

Neda Dolatkhah ◽

Mehdi Yousefi ◽

Farhad Jadidi‐ Niaragh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Non Coding Rnas

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Advances in the role of miRNAs in the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma

Open Medicine ◽

10.1515/med-2020-0205 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1003-1011

Author(s):

Guanyu Zhang ◽

Yiran Li ◽

Jiasheng Xu ◽

Zhenfang Xiong

Keyword(s):

Target Gene ◽

Early Stage ◽

Research Direction ◽

Research Progress ◽

Skeletal System ◽

Translation Process ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

New Research ◽

Post Transcriptional Regulation

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the skeletal system in the clinic. It mainly occurs in adolescent patients and the pathogenesis of the disease is very complicated. The distant metastasis may occur in the early stage, and the prognosis is poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs of about 18–25 nt in length that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of genes. miRNAs can regulate target gene expression by promoting the degradation of target mRNAs or inhibiting the translation process, thereby the proliferation of OS cells can be inhibited and the apoptosis can be promoted; in this way, miRNAs can affect the metabolism of OS cells and can also participate in the occurrence, invasion, metastasis, and recurrence of OS. Some miRNAs have already been found to be closely related to the prognosis of patients with OS. Unlike other reviews, this review summarizes the miRNA molecules closely related to the development, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of OS in recent years. The expression and influence of miRNA molecule on OS were discussed in detail, and the related research progress was summarized to provide a new research direction for early diagnosis and treatment of OS.

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