scholarly journals Intergroup Contact as a Potential Path to Neutralize the Detrimental Effect of National Identification on Xenophobia in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petia Genkova ◽  
Christoph Daniel Schaefer ◽  
Simone Karch
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Integral Characteristic ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
National Identification ◽  
Majority Population

AbstractProceeding globalization and the increase in global mobility entail that a growing proportion of people in economically developed countries have a migration background, so that cultural diversity has become an integral characteristic of many societies. Consequently, national identifications and attitudes towards immigrants are gaining importance in both international and intra-societal contexts. Previous studies revealed that in some countries, including Germany, national identification is associated with negative attitudes towards outgroups. In the present article, the interplay between national identification and intergroup contact is analyzed, with xenophobia as the criterion. The study is based on a cross-sectional survey amongst members of the majority population in Germany. It was predicted and found that the association between national identification and xenophobia is moderated by intergroup contact. There was only an association between national identification and xenophobia in participants with below-average or average levels of contact, whilst for those with above-average levels of contact, there was no significant association. Thus, the results point to the importance of contact experiences as a path to neutralize the effects of national identification on xenophobia, possibly by assisting in a redefinition of national belonging.

scholarly journals Perspectives of future pharmacists on the potential for development and implementation of pharmacist prescribing in Qatar

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-123
Author(s):  
Mohammad Issam Diab ◽  
Angham Ibrahim ◽  
Oraib Abdallah ◽  
Alla El-Awaisi ◽  
Monica Zolezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pharmacist Prescribing ◽  
Barriers To Implementation ◽  
Special Training Program

AbstractBackground Pharmacists in many developed countries have been granted prescribing authorities under what is known as “non-medical prescribing” or “pharmacist prescribing”. However, such prescribing privileges are not available in many developing countries. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the perspectives of future pharmacists (recent pharmacy graduates and pharmacy students) on pharmacist prescribing and its potential implementation in Qatar. Methods A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used: (1) a cross-sectional survey using a pre-tested questionnaire and; (2) focus group discussions to allow for an in-depth understanding of the issue, with a focus on pharmacists prescribing competencies as well as barriers for its implementation. Main outcome measures Future pharmacists’ perspectives and attitudes towards pharmacist prescribing in Qatar. Results The majority of the respondents (94.4%) indicated awareness of the prescribing competency related to selecting treatment options. Furthermore, the majority (92.4%) believed that pharmacists should undergo prescribing training and accreditation before been legally allowed to prescribe, a point that was reiterated in the focus group discussions. Participants generally expressed support for collaborative and supplementary prescribing models when developing prescribing frameworks for Qatar. Four categories emerged under the theme barriers to implementation of pharmacist prescribing: lack of prescribing competency, pharmacist mindset, lack of accessibility to patient records and counseling rooms, and diversity of education and training background. Conclusion The majority of recent pharmacy graduates and students were in favor of pharmacist prescribing been implemented in Qatar. However, a special training program was deemed necessary to qualify pharmacists to prescribe safely and effectively.

scholarly journals SEPTICEMIA;

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 808-811
Author(s):  
SAEMA TEHSEEN ◽  
AFIFA WAHEED ◽  
NABEELA SHAMI
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Elective Termination ◽  
Complete History ◽  
Definite Role

Induced Miscarriage is defined as the elective termination of pregnancy before 24 weeks of gestation. Objectives: To determinethe frequency of sepsis associated with induced Miscarriage. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Department of Obstetrics andGynaecology, Unit-II, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore. Duration of Study: Six months from 25-12-08 to 24-06-09. Materials andMethods: Total 110 cases were taken. Complete history including parity and mode of admission was taken. All information was recorded onspecially designed proforma. Results: A large number of patients turned out to be para 3-4 i.e. 87 (79%), 15 cases (13.7%) had the paritybetween 5-7 and only 8 cases (7.3%) were para 1-2 (Table-I).On analyzing the mode of admission it was found that 50 (45.4%) patients wereadmitted through out-patient department. 60 cases (54.6%) were admitted through emergency (Table-II). Finally the frequency of sepsisamongst women presenting with Miscarriage was calculated and it was found to be 25 (22.7%). 85 (77.3%) cases did not show any evidence ofsepsis (Table-III). Conclusions: Illegal Miscarriages are a major contribution to septic morbidity leading to a large number of maternal deathswhich is a dilemma in under developed countries like ours. Better public awareness and access to contraceptive measures has a definite role toplay in improving the outcome.

scholarly journals Paediatricians’ attitudes and beliefs towards transgender people: a cross-sectional survey in Israel

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e031569
Author(s):  
Nitsan Landau ◽  
Uri Hamiel ◽  
Itay Tokatly Latzer ◽  
Elinor Mauda ◽  
Noah Levek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Gender Beliefs ◽  
Human Value ◽  
And Gender

ObjectiveThe number of transgender and gender non-conforming children is on the rise. For these children, the timing of medical intervention is crucial, yet transgender children report poorer overall physical and mental health outcomes compared with their cisgender peers. We aim to describe how paediatricians perceive transgender people.SettingThe ‘Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs Scale’, which consists of 29 items in three domains—human value, interpersonal comfort and sex/gender beliefs—was administered to 391 senior and resident paediatricians in Israel. The responses on a 7-point Likert scale were collapsed into two categories: a mean score of ≥6 for each domain was a ‘Favourable’ perception and <6 ‘Unfavourable’.ResultsOf 355 respondents (91% response rate), 221 (62%) were females, 132 (37%) were males and 2 identified as ‘other’; 290 (82%) were born in ‘trans-respect countries’, 274 (77%) identified as secular, 223 (63%) were senior physicians and 132 (27%) were residents. Overall, 90% of the cohort scored favourably on the ‘Human value’ domain, 68% on ‘Interpersonal comfort’ and 40% on ‘Sex/gender beliefs’. In the ‘Interpersonal comfort’ domain, being a man, birthplace in a transphobic country, identification as religious and being a senior physician were all associated with increased ORs for an unfavourable score: 2.1 (95% CI 1.3 to 3.4), 3.4 (95% CI 1.9 to 6.3), 2.4 (95% CI 1.4 to 4.2) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.0), respectively. In the ‘Sex/gender beliefs’ domain, being a man and identifying as religious had significantly increased ORs for unfavourable scores: 2.2 (95% CI 1.3 to 3.5) and 10.6 (95% CI 4.7 to 24.1), respectively.ConclusionsNegative attitudes towards transgender people are still widespread among paediatricians. Interventions are warranted to positively impact these attitudes.

scholarly journals Childhood Sanitation Practices and Incidence of Diarrhea in Slum Communities With Implications for Community-Based Education in Less Developed Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akpovire B Oduaran ◽  
Okechukwu Stephen Chukwudeh
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Based Education ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Slum Dwellers

Abstract Background Diarrhoea is a major cause of mortality among under-five children, especially in less developed countries. Previous studies on childhood diarrhoea have largely focused on biomedical methods with little attention given to community-based approach to reduce the prevalence of the disease in the slums, classified in literature among areas of high diarrhoea incidence. The key question is does childhood sanitation practices influence the incidence of diarrhea? This study, was therefore, designed to examine the association between childhood sanitation practices and incidence of diarrhea using community-based approach.Methods The value beliefs and planned behavior theories were adopted as framework, while cross-sectional survey was use to elicit data from 900 mothers of under-five children who had lived in the study locations for at least 12 months preceding the research and 10 In-depth interviews was conducted.Results There was a positive significant association between defecating with unimproved toilet facilities (χ2=42.167, p<0.05), cleaning buttocks with inappropriate materials (χ2=4.274, p<0.05), disposing faeces around household environments (χ2=10.542, p<0.05), and childhood diarrhea. The odds was higher among children whose mothers had no education (OR=1.560), widow (OR=5.542), poor (OR=1.556), and children that defecates with unhygienic toilet facilities (OR=7.806).Conclusion Community perceptions interact with poverty to influence unhygienic toilet practices in the slums. This has negative health implications on the lives of low-income and vulnerable slum dwellers. Thus, community-based education on improved sanitary practices is necessary to reduce diarrhoea prevalence.

scholarly journals Exploration of the Factors Influencing Attitudes to Breastfeeding in Public

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecile Morris ◽  
Peter Schofield ◽  
Craig Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Social Marketing ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Breastfeeding In Public ◽  
Key Barrier ◽  
Social Marketing Campaigns ◽  
B Test

Background Negative attitudes toward breastfeeding in public have consistently been identified as a key barrier to breastfeeding continuation. In order to design effective social marketing campaigns to improve public attitude toward breastfeeding in public, it is critical to identify segments of the population who are less likely to support this activity, their underlying reasons, and the medium through which they can be reached. Research aim The aims were to (a) identify the underlying dimensions that drive acceptance or opposition to breastfeeding in public, (b) test whether specific population segments were more or less likely to support breastfeeding in public, and (c) identify suitable media outlets to reach them. Methods A cross-sectional survey testing agreement with 60 statements was administered online between May 2016 and May 2017 and was completed by 7190 respondents. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify 12 dimensions driving acceptance or opposition to breastfeeding in public. The influence of demographics and media consumption on attitudes toward breastfeeding in public was tested using Welch’s t tests and one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs). Results Acceptance of breastfeeding in public was found to differ with gender, age, religion, and parental and breastfeeding status, but not household income. Support for breastfeeding in public also varied with media consumption habits. Conclusions This work lays the foundation to design effective social marketing campaigns aimed at increasing public support for breastfeeding in public.

scholarly journals Trends in thinness prevalence among adolescents in ten European countries and the USA (1998–2006): a cross-sectional survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2207-2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Lazzeri ◽  
Stefania Rossi ◽  
Colette Kelly ◽  
Carine Vereecken ◽  
Namanjeet Ahluwalia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of ‘graded thinness’ in children aged 11, 13 and 15 years in eleven developed countries and to identify trends in the prevalence of ‘thinness’ (BMI < 17 kg/m2 at age 18 years) by age and gender.DesignCross-sectional study using data collected through self-reported questionnaires.SettingData were taken from the 1997/1998, 2001/2002 and 2005/2006 surveys of the Health Behaviours in School-aged Children (HBSC) Study.SubjectsChildren and adolescents from ten European countries and the USA (n 158 000).ResultsPrevalence of grades 1, 2 and 3 of thinness was higher among 11-year-old students compared with the 13- and 15-year-olds in all countries. A higher prevalence of thinness was observed in girls than in boys. Since 1998 the prevalence of thinness decreased steadily in Czech boys and girls, while it increased for French girls. In the total European sample of females, thinness decreased from 1998 to 2006 (χ2 for trend, P < 0·01). Age-adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that Czech boys and girls, and Flemish and American girls were less likely to be thin in 2006 than in 1998; while a noteworthy increment, even if borderline significant, was observed for French girls with a 41 % increase in the likelihood to be thin.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that thinness is an important overlooked phenomenon with wide variation in prevalence and trends across developed countries. It deserves further longitudinal studies in a multinational context that could increase the understanding of the factors associated with thinness and contribute to developing preventive and nutritional programmes targeted at controlling obesity and chronic diseases, while monitoring thinness.

scholarly journals Extending the UTAUT model to understand the customers’ acceptance and use of internet banking in Lebanon

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 830-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Tarhini ◽  
Mazen El-Masri ◽  
Maged Ali ◽  
Alan Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Internet Banking ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Facilitating Conditions

Purpose A number of studies have shown that internet banking (IB) implementation is not only determined by banks or government support, but also by perceptions and experience of IB users. IB studies have showed encouraging results from academics in developed countries. Yet little is known about the user adoption of IB in Lebanon. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that may hinder or facilitate the acceptance and usage of IB in Lebanon. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual framework was developed through extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) by incorporating two additional factors namely; perceived credibility (PC) and task-technology fit (TTF). A quantitative approach based on cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from 408 IB consumers. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling based on AMOS 20.0. Findings The results of the structural path revealed that performance expectancy (PE), social influence, PC and TTF to be significant predictors in influencing customers’ behavioural intention (BI) to use IB and explained 61 per cent of its variance, with PE was found the strongest antecedent of BI. Contrary to the UTAUT, the effect of effort expectancy on BI was insignificant. In addition, both BI and facilitating conditions were found to affect the actual usage behaviour and explained 64 per cent of its variance Practical implications This study would be helpful for bank managers and policy makers to explain the currently relatively low penetration rate of IB in formulating strategies to encourage the adoption and acceptance of IB by Lebanese customers, where IB is still considered an innovation. Originality/value This study is the first research that extend the UTAUT by incorporating two additional factors namely; PC and TTF to study the IB in the Lebanese context. This study contributes to the research on computer technology usage by looking at IB adoption and incorporation into the lives of customers via the BI to use and actual usage of IB in Lebanon.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and psychological status of patients living with hepatitis C in five provinces in China: a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e040434
Author(s):  
Tian-Shuo Zhao ◽  
Cunduo Jin ◽  
Yishan Wang ◽  
Fuqiang Cui
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

ObjectiveThis study investigated the knowledge, attitudes and psychological status of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive patients through a cross-sectional survey to provide scientific strategies for improving their treatment compliance and quality of life.SettingThe research was conducted in nine hospitals in five provincial administrative regions in China, namely Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Beijing, Hebei and Sichuan.ParticipantsA total of 457 patients were recruited for this study and 409 patients were included in the final analysis. The participants were 215 men and 194 women, with an average age of 59 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were scores on scales assessing knowledge, attitudes and psychological status. The secondary outcomes were transmission of HCV, preference regarding the mode in which information about HCV was provided and factors affecting treatment.ResultsBlood transfusion was the most common route of HCV transmission (42.7%), followed by surgery (15.9%) and blood donation/sale (8.7%). The misunderstanding of HCV and negative attitudes towards other HCV-positive patients were relatively common among HCV-positive patients and were more pronounced among rural and ethnic minority populations. HCV-positive patients were generally categorised as possibly having symptoms of depression. Patients with negative attitudes were more likely to have symptoms of depression (OR=0.6, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.8).ConclusionsHCV-positive patients had a poor understanding of HCV and a negative attitude towards other HCV-positive patients. It is very important to develop effective health education strategies to improve the knowledge, attitudes and mental health of HCV-positive patients and enhance treatment compliance.

scholarly journals Prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics and its related factors among Chinese residents: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxv Yin ◽  
Ketao Mu ◽  
Heping Yang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Zhenyuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Seek Health Care

Abstract Background Self-medication is one of the most common forms of inappropriate use of antibiotics. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) in China and evaluate the related factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Wuhan, Hubei, China from July 1, 2019 to July 31, 2019. Participants were recruited in public places to answer a structured questionnaire. The information of participants’ social demographic characteristics, antibiotic knowledge and health beliefs were collected. Binary Logistics regression analysis was used to examine the associated factors of SMA. Results Of the 3206 participants, 10.32% reported SMA in the past 6 months. Participants who with middle or high perceived barriers to seek health care services showed a higher likelihood of SMA (P < 0.05). Participants who with middle or high perceived threats of self-medication, and who with middle or high self-efficacy to overcome obstacles showed a lower likelihood of SMA (P < 0.05). Conclusions Compared with developed countries, the prevalence of SMA in China is still higher. Measures to conduct public health education and improve the accessibility of health services are crucial to decrease the overall self-medication rate in China.

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