Online gaming and internet gaming disorder in Iran: patterns, motivations, and correlates

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosein Rafiemanesh ◽  
Rabert Farnam ◽  
Arshiya Sangchooli ◽  
Jamileh Rahimi ◽  
Marziyeh Hamzehzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Online Gaming ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Malay Version of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF-M): Evidence from a Sample of Malaysian Undergraduates

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2592
Author(s):  
Shiao Ling Ling ◽  
Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar ◽  
Kit-Aun Tan ◽  
Norharlina Bahar ◽  
Azlin Baharudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Online Gaming ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Problematic Online Gaming

In recent years, increased interest in Internet Gaming Disorder has led to the development of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form. Translation and subsequent validation of such a scale are important for cross-cultural use. The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties (factor structure, reliability, and validity) of the Malay Version of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form using a sample of Malaysian undergraduates. The present sample included 137 Malaysian undergraduates. Participants completed a self-administered online survey containing demographic items, the Malay Version of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form, the Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire-Short Form, and the Malay Version of the Internet Addiction Test. The present findings confirm the one-factor model of the Malay Version of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form. Good reliability, as measured by Cronbach alpha, was found for the Malay Version of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form. The Malay Version of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form has demonstrated concurrent validity by significantly correlating with the Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire-Short Form as well as demonstrated convergent validity with respect to the Malay Version of the Internet Addiction Test. The Malay Version of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form is a reliable and valid tool for assessing Internet Gaming Disorder in Malaysian undergraduates. As more research is still needed to confirm the status of Internet Gaming Disorder as a formal disorder, it is hoped that the Malay Version of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form can facilitate future research examining antecedents and consequences of Internet Gaming Disorder in a Malaysian setting.

scholarly journals Social anxiety and Internet gaming disorder: The role of motives and metacognitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-628
Author(s):  
Claudia Marino ◽  
Natale Canale ◽  
Alessio Vieno ◽  
Gabriele Caselli ◽  
Luca Scacchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Online Gaming ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackground and aimsIn recent years, Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has been recognized as a mental health problem. Although research has found that social anxiety, motives, the preference for online social interactions (POSI), and metacognitions about online gaming are independent predictors of IGD, less is known about their relative contribution to IGD. The aim of the current study was to model the relationship between social anxiety, motives, POSI, metacognitions about online gaming, and IGD.MethodsFive hundred and forty three Italian gamers who play more than 7 h a week (mean age = 23.9 years; SD = 6.15 years; 82.5% males) were included in the study. The pattern of relationships specified by the theoretical model was examined through path analysis.ResultsResults showed that social anxiety was directly associated with four motives (escape, coping, fantasy, and recreation), POSI, and positive and negative metacognitions about online gaming, and IGD. The Sobel test showed that negative metacognitions about online gaming played the strongest mediating role in the relationship between social anxiety and IGD followed by escape, POSI, and positive metacognitions. The model accounted for 54% of the variance for IGD.Discussion and conclusionsOverall, our findings show that, along with motives and POSI, metacognitions about online gaming may play an important role in the association between social anxiety and IGD. The clinical and preventive implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Internet gaming as a coping method among schizophrenic patients facing psychological distress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Hsuan Chang ◽  
Kun-Chia Chang ◽  
Wen-Li Hou ◽  
Chung-Ying Lin ◽  
Mark D. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Online Gaming ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Internet Gaming

AbstractBackground and aimsPatients with schizophrenia are known to use potentially addictive psychoactive substances as self-medication and to ease psychological distress. Other potentially addictive behaviors such as online gaming are also used to self-medicate and ease psychological distress. However, the role of online gaming and problematic gaming (in the form of internet gaming disorder [IGD]) has not previously been investigated for patients with schizophrenia facing distress.MethodsOne hundred and four participants diagnosed with schizophrenia were recruited and completed a number of psychometric scales including the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSPS), Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS-SF9), Self-Stigma Scale-Short (SSS-S), and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21).ResultsThe results showed significant negative associations between PSPS, IGDS-SF9, and DASS-21, and significant positive correlations between the IGDS-SF-9, SSS-S and DASS-21. Moreover, IGD did not mediate the association between self-stigma and depression. However, IGD significantly mediated the association between self-stigma and anxiety, and the association between self-stigma and stress. In addition, (i) age and self-stigma were significant predictors for IGD; (ii) social function and self-stigma were significant predictors for depression; (iii) social function, self-stigma, and IGD were significant predictors for anxiety; and (iv) self-stigma and IGD were significant predictors for stress.ConclusionThe findings suggest that online gaming may be a coping strategy for individuals with schizophrenia with psychological stress and self-stigma and that for some of these individuals, their gaming may be problematic.

scholarly journals Generalised Versus Specific Internet Use-Related Addiction Problems: A Mixed Methods Study on Internet, Gaming, and Social Networking Behaviours

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olatz Lopez-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Potential Problem ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Online Gaming ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Pathological Internet Use

The field of technological behavioural addictions is moving towards specific problems (i.e., gaming disorder). However, more evidence of generalised versus specific Internet use-related addiction problems (generalised pathological Internet use (GPIU) vs. specific pathological Internet use (SPIU)) is still needed. This mixed methods study aimed to disentangle GPIU from SPIU. A partially mixed sequential equal status study design (QUAN→QUAL) was undertaken. First, through an online survey, which adapted the compulsive Internet use scale (CIUS) for three types of problems (i.e., generalised Internet use, and specific online gaming and social networking). Second, potential problem users’ perceptions of the evolution of these problems (aetiology, development, consequences, and factors) were ascertained, through semi-structured interviews, together with their opinion on present Internet gaming disorder (IGD) criteria adapted to each problem studied. Findings showed the CIUS remains valid and reliable for GPIU and SPIUs examined; a prevalence between 10.8% and 37.4% was estimated for potential at-risk problem gamers and Internet users, respectively, who reported their preference for maintaining their virtual lives. Half of the sample had a risk of a unique or mixed profile of these problems. Moreover, device patterns, gender, and age issues emerged, such as problem gamers being proportionally equal male and female young or middle-aged adults. GPIU was highly associated with problem social networking use, and weakly with problematic gaming, but both SPIUs were independent. Concerning addictive symptoms, salience, deception, and tolerance required redefinition, especially for SPIUs, while better-valued IGD criteria applied to GPIU and SPIUs were: Risk relationships or opportunities, give up other activities, withdrawal, and continue despite problems. Thus, although problems studied are present as risk behaviours, SPIUs seem to cover the addictive symptomatology in those categorised as potential problem users, online gaming being the most severe behavioural addiction problem.

scholarly journals Trait Emotional Intelligence and Internet Gaming Disorder Among Gamers: The Mediating Role of Online Gaming Motives and Moderating Role of Age Groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1446-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kagan Kircaburun ◽  
Zsolt Demetrovics ◽  
Mark D. Griffiths ◽  
Orsolya Király ◽  
Bernadette Kun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Online Gaming ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Trait Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Moderating Role

AbstractPersonality differences are important determinants of problematic online behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of loneliness, depression, and online gaming motives and moderating role of age on the relationship between trait emotional intelligence (EI) and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) via the construction of a multiple mediation model. A total of 478 online gamers completed a self-report online survey, including validated psychometric scales assessing the aforementioned constructs. Results indicated that trait EI was directly and indirectly associated with IGD and that the motive of escape was a partial mediator between trait EI and IGD among the total sample and adult gamers, but not among adolescents. Moreover, trait EI was associated with coping, skill development, fantasy, and recreation gaming motives only among total sample and adult gamers, and the escape motive was positively associated with IGD among total sample and adult gamers. However, among these relationships, only the association between trait EI and fantasy was significantly moderated by age group. Furthermore, the direct effect of trait EI was stronger among adolescent gamers when compared to adult gamers. Results showed that trait EI is inversely associated with IGD and affects gaming for different motives among adolescent and adult gamers.

scholarly journals Evidence on Problematic Online Gaming and Social Anxiety over the Past Ten Years: a Systematic Literature Review

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Gioia ◽  
Gianluca Mariano Colella ◽  
Valentina Boursier
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Online Gaming ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Keywords Internet ◽  
Problematic Online Gaming ◽  
Online Video Games

Abstract Purpose of Review The present study aimed to review the literature concerning the relationship between problematic online gaming (POG) and social anxiety, taking into account the variables implicated in this relationship. This review included studies published between 2010 and 2020 that were indexed in major databases with the following keywords: Internet gaming, disorder, addiction, problematic, social phobia, and social anxiety. Recent Findings In recent years, scientific interest in POG has grown dramatically. Within this prolific research field, difficulties associated with social anxiety have been increasingly explored in relation to POG. Indeed, evidence showed that individuals who experience social anxiety are more exposed to the risk of developing an excessive or addictive gaming behavior. Summary A total of 30 studies satisfied the initial inclusion criteria and were included in the present literature review. Several reviewed studies found a strong association between social anxiety and online gaming disorder. Furthermore, the relationships among social anxiety, POG, age, and psychosocial and comorbid factors were largely explored. Overall, the present review showed that socially anxious individuals might perceive online video games as safer social environments than face-to-face interactions, predisposing individuals to the POG. However, in a mutually reinforcing relationship, individuals with higher POG seem to show higher social anxiety. Therefore, despite online gaming might represent an activity able to alleviate psychopathological symptoms and/or negative emotional states, people might use online gaming to counterbalance distress or negative situations in everyday life, carrying out a maladaptive coping strategy.

scholarly journals Preschool Exposure to Online Games and Internet Gaming Disorder in Adolescents: A Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunsuk Jeong ◽  
Hyeon Woo Yim ◽  
Seung-Yup Lee ◽  
Hae Kook Lee ◽  
Marc N. Potenza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Online Games ◽  
Online Gaming ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Although considerable evidence has already been collected on the effects of early initiation of drug/alcohol consumption on addictive behaviors in adolescents, little is known about the impact of early exposure to online games during preschool ages on the risk of internet gaming disorder (IGD). We evaluated the effects of exposure to online games before entering elementary school on IGD occurrence during the secondary school years using a community-based longitudinal study.Methods: Data from 1,760 adolescents (seventh grade), who were recruited from the iCURE study and followed for 2 years, were analyzed. A high risk of IGD (HRIGD) was assessed by the Internet Game Use Elicited Symptom Screen, a self-reported questionnaire based on the fifth version of DSM-5 IGD criteria. Early exposure to online gaming was defined as when adolescents played online games during their preschool years. A multivariate generalized-estimating-equation model was applied to examine the independent risk factor of the occurrence of HRIGD during the 2-year follow-up period.Results: As compared with the later-exposure group, those with early exposure to online games showed an ~1.7-fold greater incidence of HRIGD over the 2-year follow-ups after adjusting for potential confounders including baseline IGD scores (adjusted relative risk:1.69; 95%confidence interval:1.08–2.66). Pre-specified sensitivity analyses showed that the results were robust.Conclusion: Exposure to online gaming during the preschool years increases the likelihood of occurrence of HRIGD in adolescence. Restricting exposure to online games during the preschool years should be examined as a way to reduce the risk of IGD in adolescents.Clinical Trial Registration:www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT02415322.

scholarly journals Altered core networks of brain connectivity and personality traits in internet gaming disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Won Chun ◽  
Chang-Hyun Park ◽  
Jin-Young Kim ◽  
Jihye Choi ◽  
Hyun Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Online Gaming ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Problematic Online Gaming

AbstractBackground and aimsAlthough the Internet has provided convenience and efficiency in many areas of everyday life, problems stemming from Internet use have also been identified, such as Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Internet addiction, which includes IGD, can be viewed as a behavioral addiction or impulse control disorder. This study investigated the altered functional and effective connectivity of the core brain networks in individuals with IGD compared to healthy controls (HCs).MethodsForty-five adults with IGD and 45 HCs were included in this study. To examine the brain networks related to personality traits that influence problematic online gaming, the left and right central executive network (CEN) and the salience network (SN) were included in the analysis. Also, to examine changes in major brain network topographies, we analyzed the default mode network (DMN).ResultsIGD participants showed lower functional connectivity between the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other regions in the CEN than HC participants during resting state. Also, IGD participants revealed reduced functional connectivity between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and other regions in the SN and lower functional connectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex of the anterior DMN. Notably, in IGD individuals but not HC individuals, there was a positive correlation between IGD severity and effective connectivity and a positive correlation between reward sensitivity and effective connectivity within the ventral striatum of the SN.ConclusionsProblematic online gaming was associated with neurofunctional alterations, impairing the capacity of core brain networks.

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