The Establishment and Spatiotemporal History of A Novel HIV-1 CRF01_AE Lineage in Shenyang City, Northeastern China in 2002–2019

Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder is highly prevalent among people with HIV (PWH) and is a significant public health problem. HIV and METH use are each associated with immune system dysfunction; however, the combined effects on the immune system are poorly understood. This cross-sectional project measured soluble immune biomarkers in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from a control group, people with a history of a METH use disorder (METH+), PWH with no history of METH use disorder (HIV+), and PWH with a history of METH use disorder (HIV+/METH+). HIV, METH, and immune dysfunction can also be associated with affective and cognitive deficits, so we characterized mood and cognition in our participants. Two factor analyses were performed for the plasma and CSF biomarkers. Plasma IL-8, Ccl2, VEGF, and 8-isoprostane loaded onto one factor that was highest in the HIV+/METH+ group (p < 0.047) reflecting worse inflammation, vascular injury, and oxidative stress. This plasma factor was also negatively correlated with delayed recall (R = −0.49, p = 0.010), which was worst in the HIV+/METH+ group (p = 0.030 compared to the control group). Overall, these data implicate that combined HIV-1 infection and METH use may exacerbate inflammation, leading to worse cognition.

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Transmitted drug resistance to Tenofovir/Emtricitabine among persons with newly diagnosed HIV infection in Shenyang city, Northeast China from 2016 to 2018

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06312-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhen Wang ◽

Bin Zhao ◽

Minghui An ◽

Wei Song ◽

Xue Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Northeast China ◽

Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Shenyang City ◽

Subtype B ◽

Recent Hiv Infection ◽

Hiv 1

Abstract Background To assess transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to tenofovir (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC), using as pre-exposure prophylaxis, among newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected residents in Shenyang city, northeast China. Methods Demographic and epidemiological information of all newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected residents in Shenyang city from 2016 to 2018 were anonymously collected from the local HIV epidemic database. HIV-1 pol sequences were amplified from RNA in cryopreserved plasma samples and sequenced directly. Viral subtypes were inferred with phylogenetic analysis and drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were determined according to the Stanford HIVdb algorithm. Recent HIV infection was determined with HIV Limiting Antigen avidity electro immunoassay. Results A total of 2176 sequences (92.4%, 2176/2354) were obtained; 70.9% (1536/2167) were CRF01_AE, followed by CRF07_BC (18.0%, 391/2167), subtype B (4.7%, 102/2167), other subtypes (2.6%, 56/2167), and unique recombinant forms (3.8%, 82/2167). The prevalence of TDR was 4.9% (107/2167), among which, only 0.6% (13/2167) was resistance to TDF/FTC. Most of these subjects had CRF01_AE strains (76.9%, 10/13), were unmarried (76.9%, 10/13), infected through homosexual contact (92.3%, 12/13), and over 30 years old (median age: 33). The TDF/FTC DRMs included K65R (8/13), M184I/V (5/13), and Y115F (2/13). Recent HIV infection accounted for only 23.1% (3/13). Most cases were sporadic in the phylogenetic tree, except two CRF01_AE sequences with K65R (Bootstrap value: 99%). Conclusions The prevalence of TDR to TDF/FTC is low among newly diagnosed HIV-infected cases in Shenyang, suggesting that TDR may have little impact on the protective effect of the ongoing CROPrEP project in Shenyang city.

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Tracing the origin and history of HIV-1 subtype B′ epidemic by near full-length genome analyses

AIDS ◽

10.1097/qad.0b013e328351430d ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 877-884 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Zhe Li ◽

Xiang He ◽

Zhe Wang ◽

Hui Xing ◽

Fan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Full Length ◽

Subtype B ◽

History Of ◽

Genome Analyses ◽

Full Length Genome ◽

Hiv 1

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Elucidation of Early Evolution of HIV-1 Group M in the Congo Basin Using Computational Methods

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12040517 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 517

Author(s):

Marcel Tongo ◽

Darren P. Martin ◽

Jeffrey R. Dorfman

Keyword(s):

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Early Evolution ◽

Congo Basin ◽

Global Epidemic ◽

The Past ◽

History Of ◽

Cold Spots ◽

Genomic Regions ◽

Basin Region ◽

Hiv 1

The Congo Basin region is believed to be the site of the cross-species transmission event that yielded HIV-1 group M (HIV-1M). It is thus likely that the virus has been present and evolving in the region since that cross-species transmission. As HIV-1M was only discovered in the early 1980s, our directly observed record of the epidemic is largely limited to the past four decades. Nevertheless, by exploiting the genetic relatedness of contemporary HIV-1M sequences, phylogenetic methods provide a powerful framework for investigating simultaneously the evolutionary and epidemiologic history of the virus. Such an approach has been taken to find that the currently classified HIV-1 M subtypes and Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) do not give a complete view of HIV-1 diversity. In addition, the currently identified major HIV-1M subtypes were likely genetically predisposed to becoming a major component of the present epidemic, even before the events that resulted in the global epidemic. Further efforts have identified statistically significant hot- and cold-spots of HIV-1M subtypes sequence inheritance in genomic regions of recombinant forms. In this review we provide ours and others recent findings on the emergence and spread of HIV-1M variants in the region, which have provided insights into the early evolution of this virus.

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Strategies for Enhancing Existing Studies of the Natural History of HIV-1 Infection Among Drug Users

Substance Use & Misuse ◽

10.3109/10826089709035566 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (12-13) ◽

pp. 1691-1696

Author(s):

Dale D Chitwood ◽

Mary Comerford ◽

Edward J Trapido

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Drug Users ◽

History Of ◽

Hiv 1

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A family history of substance dependence obscures the group differences in brain function associated with HIV-1 and ART

Drug and Alcohol Dependence ◽

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.008 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (1-3) ◽

pp. 45-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L.O. Bauer

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Brain Function ◽

Substance Dependence ◽

Group Differences ◽

History Of ◽

Hiv 1

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Constructing the Average Natural History of HIV-1 Infection

10.1063/1.2746741 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

L. Diambra ◽

A. Capurro ◽

C. P. Malta

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

History Of ◽

Hiv 1

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Spatiotemporal and demographic history of the HIV-1 circulating recombinant form CRF31_BC in Brazil

Infection Genetics and Evolution ◽

10.1016/j.meegid.2018.03.024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 ◽

pp. 113-118

Author(s):

Hegger M. Fritsch ◽

Sabrina E.M. Almeida ◽

Aguinaldo R. Pinto ◽

Tiago Gräf

Keyword(s):

Demographic History ◽

Recombinant Form ◽

History Of ◽

Hiv 1

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HIV-1 Nef and T-cell activation: a history of contradictions

Future Virology ◽

10.2217/fvl.13.20 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 391-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Tristan J Markle ◽

Philip Mwimanzi ◽

Mark A Brockman

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

T Cell Activation ◽

Cell Activation ◽

History Of ◽

Hiv 1

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Impact of the M184V/I Mutation on the Efficacy of Abacavir/Lamivudine/Dolutegravir Therapy in HIV Treatment-Experienced Patients

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz330 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Flaminia Olearo ◽

Huyen Nguyen ◽

Fabrice Bonnet ◽

Sabine Yerly ◽

Gilles Wandeler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Outcome ◽

Antiviral Treatment ◽

Composite Endpoint ◽

Hiv Treatment ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Prior History ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact ◽

Hiv 1

Abstract Objective The impact of the M184V/I mutation on the virological failure (VF) rate in HIV-positive patients with suppressed viremia switching to an abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravir regimen has been poorly evaluated. Method This is an observational study from 5 European HIV cohorts among treatment-experienced adults with ≤50 copies/mL of HIV-1 RNA who switched to abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravir. Primary outcome was the time to first VF (2 consecutive HIV-1 RNA >50 copies/mL or single HIV-1 RNA >50 copies/mL accompanied by change in antiretroviral therapy [ART]). We also analyzed a composite outcome considering the presence of VF and/or virological blips. We report also the results of an inverse probability weighting analysis on a restricted population with a prior history of VF on any ART regimen to calculate statistics standardized to the disparate sampling population. Results We included 1626 patients (median follow-up, 288.5 days; interquartile range, 154–441). Patients with a genotypically documented M184V/I mutation (n = 137) had a lower CD4 nadir and a longer history of antiviral treatment. The incidence of VF was 29.8 cases (11.2–79.4) per 1000 person-years in those with a previously documented M184V/I, and 13.6 cases (8.4–21.8) in patients without documented M184V/I. Propensity score weighting in a restricted population (n = 580) showed that M184V/I was not associated with VF or the composite endpoint (hazard ratio [HR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35–4.59 and HR 1.66; 95% CI, 0.81–3.43, respectively). Conclusions In ART-experienced patients switching to an abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravir treatment, we observed few VFs and found no evidence for an impact of previously-acquired M184V/I mutation on this outcome. Additional analyses are required to demonstrate whether these findings will remain robust during a longer follow-up.

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