scholarly journals The Cross Talk between Cancer Stem Cells/Cancer Initiating Cells and Tumor Microenvironment: The Missing Piece of the Puzzle for the Efficient Targeting of these Cells with Immunotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Ravindran ◽  
Saad Rasool ◽  
Cristina Maccalli
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Mutual Interaction ◽  
Immunological Profile ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cancer Immunosurveillance

AbstractCancer Stem Cells/Cancer Initiating Cells (CSCs/CICs) is a rare sub-population within a tumor that is responsible for tumor formation, progression and resistance to therapies. The interaction between CSCs/CICs and tumor microenvironment (TME) can sustain “stemness” properties and promote their survival and plasticity. This cross-talk is also pivotal in regulating and modulating CSC/CIC properties. This review will provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying the mutual interaction between CSCs/CICs and TME. Particular focus will be dedicated to the immunological profile of CSCs/CICs and its role in orchestrating cancer immunosurveillance. Moreover, the available immunotherapy strategies that can target CSCs/CICs and of their possible implementation will be discussed. Overall, the dissection of the mechanisms regulating the CSC/CIC-TME interaction is warranted to understand the plasticity and immunoregulatory properties of stem-like tumor cells and to achieve complete eradications of tumors through the optimization of immunotherapy.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: An Overview of Tumor-Mesenchymal Stem Cell Interaction for therapeutic interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheila Montazersaheb ◽  
Ezzatollah Fathi ◽  
Ayoub Mamandi ◽  
Raheleh Farahzadi ◽  
Hamid Reza Heidari
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Tumorigenic Potential ◽  
Different Types

: Tumors are made up of different types of cancer cells that contribute to tumor heterogeneity. Among these cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have a significant role in the onset of cancer and development. Like other stem cells, CSCs are characterized by the capacity for differentiation and self-renewal. A specific population of CSCs is constituted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that differentiate into mesoderm-specific cells. The pro-or anti-tumorigenic potential of MSCs on the proliferation and development of tumor cells has been reported as contradictory results. Also, tumor progression is specified by the corresponding tumor cells like the tumor microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment consists of a network of reciprocal cell types such as endothelial cells, immune cells, MSCs, and fibroblasts as well as growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines. In this review, recent findings related to the tumor microenvironment and associated cell populations, homing of MSCs to tumor sites, and interaction of MSCs with tumor cells will be discussed.

scholarly journals Cancer Stem Cells and Macrophages: Implications in Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Sainz ◽  
Emily Carron ◽  
Mireia Vallespinós ◽  
Heather L. Machado
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
Key Drivers

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a unique subset of cells within tumors with stemlike properties that have been proposed to be key drivers of tumor initiation and progression. CSCs are functionally defined by their unlimited self-renewal capacity and their ability to initiate tumor formationin vivo. Like normal stem cells, CSCs exist in a cellular niche comprised of numerous cell types including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) which provides a unique microenvironment to protect and promote CSC functions. TAMs provide pivotal signals to promote CSC survival, self-renewal, maintenance, and migratory ability, and in turn, CSCs deliver tumor-promoting cues to TAMs that further enhance tumorigenesis. Studies in the last decade have aimed to understand the molecular mediators of CSCs and TAMs, and recent advances have begun to elucidate the complex cross talk that occurs between these two cell types. In this review, we discuss the molecular interactions that define CSC-TAM cross talk at each stage of tumor progression and examine the clinical implications of targeting these interactions.

scholarly journals TMIC-22. EXOSOMAL NON-CODING RNAS MEDIATE THE CROSS-TALK OF BRAIN METASTASIS CANCER STEM CELLS AND MICROGLIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl_6) ◽  
pp. vi260-vi261
Author(s):  
Simona Cazacu ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Cunli Xiang ◽  
Zane Hammoud ◽  
Lisa Scarpace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
The Cross

Fullerenol inhibits the cross-talk between bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and tumor cells by regulating MAPK signaling

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1879-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Nie ◽  
Jinglong Tang ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Rong Cai ◽  
Qing Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
The Cross

Combination of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor with Cu(II) 5,5- diethylbarbiturate Complex Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Stem Cells: A Promising Novel Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merve Erkisa ◽  
Nazlihan Aztopal ◽  
Elif Erturk ◽  
Engin Ulukaya ◽  
Veysel T. Yilmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Dependent Manner

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSC) are subpopulation within the tumor that acts a part in the initiation, progression, recurrence, resistance to drugs and metastasis of cancer. It is well known that epigenetic changes lead to tumor formation in cancer stem cells and show drug resistance. Epigenetic modulators and /or their combination with different agents have been used in cancer therapy. Objective: In our study we scope out the effects of combination of a histone deacetylases inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), and Cu(II) complex [Cu(barb-κN)(barb-κ2N,O)(phen-κN,N’)]·H2O] on cytotoxicity/apoptosis in a stem-cell enriched population (MCF-7s) obtained from parental breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Methods: Viability of the cells was measured by the ATP assay. Apoptosis was elucidated via the assessment of caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 (M30 ELISA) and a group of flow cytometry analysis (caspase 3/7 activity, phosphatidylserine translocation by annexin V-FITC assay, DNA damage and oxidative stress) and 2ˈ,7ˈ–dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining. Results: The VPA combined with Cu(II) complex showed anti proliferative activity on MCF-7s cells in a dose- and time-dependently. Treatment with combination of 2.5 mM VPA and 3.12 μM Cu(II) complex induces oxidative stress in a time-dependent manner, as well as apoptosis that is evidenced by the increase in caspase 3/7 activity, positive annexin-V-FITC, and increase in M30 levels. Conclusion: The results suggest that the combination therapy induces apoptosis following increased oxidative stress, thereby making it a possible promising therapeutic strategy that further analysis is required.

Hypoxia and Inflammation in Prostate Cancer Progression. Cross-talk with Androgen and Estrogen Receptors and Cancer Stem Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Russo ◽  
Linda Ravenna ◽  
Laura Pellegrini ◽  
Elisa Petrangeli ◽  
Luisa Salvatori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Prostate Cancer Progression

scholarly journals Cancer Stem Cells Are Possible Key Players in Regulating Anti-Tumor Immune Responses: The Role of Immunomodulating Molecules and MicroRNAs

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1674
Author(s):  
Sara Tomei ◽  
Ola Ibnaof ◽  
Shilpa Ravindran ◽  
Soldano Ferrone ◽  
Cristina Maccalli
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Antigen Processing ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Immunological Profile ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Antigen Processing And Presentation

Cancer cells endowed with stemness properties and representing a rare population of cells within malignant lesions have been isolated from tumors with different histological origins. These cells, denominated as cancer stem cells (CSCs) or cancer initiating cells (CICs), are responsible for tumor initiation, progression and resistance to therapies, including immunotherapy. The dynamic crosstalk of CSCs/CICs with the tumor microenvironment orchestrates their fate and plasticity as well as their immunogenicity. CSCs/CICs, as observed in multiple studies, display either the aberrant expression of immunomodulatory molecules or suboptimal levels of molecules involved in antigen processing and presentation, leading to immune evasion. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that can regulate either stemness properties or their immunological profile, with in some cases dual functions, can provide insights into these mechanisms and possible interventions to develop novel therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs/CICs and reverting their immunogenicity. In this review, we provide an overview of the immunoregulatory features of CSCs/CICs including miRNA profiles involved in the regulation of the interplay between stemness and immunological properties.

scholarly journals The CXCL12 Crossroads in Cancer Stem Cells and Their Niche

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos López-Gil ◽  
Laura Martin-Hijano ◽  
Patrick C. Hermann ◽  
Bruno Sainz
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Support ◽  
Cell Support ◽  
Tumor Entities

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a subpopulation of “stem”-like cells within the tumor with unique characteristics that allow them to maintain tumor growth, escape standard anti-tumor therapies and drive subsequent repopulation of the tumor. This is the result of their intrinsic “stem”-like features and the strong driving influence of the CSC niche, a subcompartment within the tumor microenvironment that includes a diverse group of cells focused on maintaining and supporting the CSC. CXCL12 is a chemokine that plays a crucial role in hematopoietic stem cell support and has been extensively reported to be involved in several cancer-related processes. In this review, we will provide the latest evidence about the interactions between CSC niche-derived CXCL12 and its receptors—CXCR4 and CXCR7—present on CSC populations across different tumor entities. The interactions facilitated by CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axes seem to be strongly linked to CSC “stem”-like features, tumor progression, and metastasis promotion. Altogether, this suggests a role for CXCL12 and its receptors in the maintenance of CSCs and the components of their niche. Moreover, we will also provide an update of the therapeutic options being currently tested to disrupt the CXCL12 axes in order to target, directly or indirectly, the CSC subpopulation.

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