Social Robots and Seniors: A Comparative Study on the Influence of Dynamic Social Features on Human–Robot Interaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Moro ◽  
Shayne Lin ◽  
Goldie Nejat ◽  
Alex Mihailidis
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Social Features

scholarly journals Four-Features Evaluation of Text to Speech Systems for Three Social Robots

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Fernando Alonso Martin ◽  
María Malfaz ◽  
Álvaro Castro-González ◽  
José Carlos Castillo ◽  
Miguel Ángel Salichs
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Social Robotics ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Text To Speech ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Speech Synthesizer ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Research Questions

The success of social robotics is directly linked to their ability of interacting with people. Humans possess verbal and non-verbal communication skills, and, therefore, both are essential for social robots to get a natural human–robot interaction. This work focuses on the first of them since the majority of social robots implement an interaction system endowed with verbal capacities. In order to do this implementation, we must equip social robots with an artificial voice system. In robotics, a Text to Speech (TTS) system is the most common speech synthesizer technique. The performance of a speech synthesizer is mainly evaluated by its similarity to the human voice in relation to its intelligibility and expressiveness. In this paper, we present a comparative study of eight off-the-shelf TTS systems used in social robots. In order to carry out the study, 125 participants evaluated the performance of the following TTS systems: Google, Microsoft, Ivona, Loquendo, Espeak, Pico, AT&T, and Nuance. The evaluation was performed after observing videos where a social robot communicates verbally using one TTS system. The participants completed a questionnaire to rate each TTS system in relation to four features: intelligibility, expressiveness, artificiality, and suitability. In this study, four research questions were posed to determine whether it is possible to present a ranking of TTS systems in relation to each evaluated feature, or, on the contrary, there are no significant differences between them. Our study shows that participants found differences between the TTS systems evaluated in terms of intelligibility, expressiveness, and artificiality. The experiments also indicated that there was a relationship between the physical appearance of the robots (embodiment) and the suitability of TTS systems.

scholarly journals Human-Robot Handshaking: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vignesh Prasad ◽  
Ruth Stock-Homburg ◽  
Jan Peters
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Natural Interaction ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Verbal Behaviour ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Physical Touch

AbstractFor some years now, the use of social, anthropomorphic robots in various situations has been on the rise. These are robots developed to interact with humans and are equipped with corresponding extremities. They already support human users in various industries, such as retail, gastronomy, hotels, education and healthcare. During such Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) scenarios, physical touch plays a central role in the various applications of social robots as interactive non-verbal behaviour is a key factor in making the interaction more natural. Shaking hands is a simple, natural interaction used commonly in many social contexts and is seen as a symbol of greeting, farewell and congratulations. In this paper, we take a look at the existing state of Human-Robot Handshaking research, categorise the works based on their focus areas, draw out the major findings of these areas while analysing their pitfalls. We mainly see that some form of synchronisation exists during the different phases of the interaction. In addition to this, we also find that additional factors like gaze, voice facial expressions etc. can affect the perception of a robotic handshake and that internal factors like personality and mood can affect the way in which handshaking behaviours are executed by humans. Based on the findings and insights, we finally discuss possible ways forward for research on such physically interactive behaviours.

scholarly journals Survey of Emotions in Human–Robot Interactions: Perspectives from Robotic Psychology on 20 Years of Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Stock-Homburg
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Artificial Emotions ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Research Domain

AbstractKnowledge production within the interdisciplinary field of human–robot interaction (HRI) with social robots has accelerated, despite the continued fragmentation of the research domain. Together, these features make it hard to remain at the forefront of research or assess the collective evidence pertaining to specific areas, such as the role of emotions in HRI. This systematic review of state-of-the-art research into humans’ recognition and responses to artificial emotions of social robots during HRI encompasses the years 2000–2020. In accordance with a stimulus–organism–response framework, the review advances robotic psychology by revealing current knowledge about (1) the generation of artificial robotic emotions (stimulus), (2) human recognition of robotic artificial emotions (organism), and (3) human responses to robotic emotions (response), as well as (4) other contingencies that affect emotions as moderators.

Affective Goal and Task Selection for Social Robots

2009 ◽  
pp. 74-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Scheutz ◽  
Paul Schermerhorn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Task Selection ◽  
Resource Limitations ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
Selection Of

Effective decision-making under real-world conditions can be very difficult as purely rational methods of decision-making are often not feasible or applicable. Psychologists have long hypothesized that humans are able to cope with time and resource limitations by employing affective evaluations rather than rational ones. In this chapter, we present the distributed integrated affect cognition and reflection architecture DIARC for social robots intended for natural human-robot interaction and demonstrate the utility of its human-inspired affect mechanisms for the selection of tasks and goals. Specifically, we show that DIARC incorporates affect mechanisms throughout the architecture, which are based on “evaluation signals” generated in each architectural component to obtain quick and efficient estimates of the state of the component, and illustrate the operation and utility of these mechanisms with examples from human-robot interaction experiments.

Special Issue on Human-Robot Interaction in Close Distance

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
Masahiro Shiomi ◽  
Hidenobu Sumioka ◽  
Hiroshi Ishiguro
Keyword(s):  
Physical Distance ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Behavior Design ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
Close Distance

As social robot research is advancing, the interaction distance between people and robots is decreasing. Indeed, although we were once required to maintain a certain physical distance from traditional industrial robots for safety, we can now interact with social robots in such a close distance that we can touch them. The physical existence of social robots will be essential to realize natural and acceptable interactions with people in daily environments. Because social robots function in our daily environments, we must design scenarios where robots interact closely with humans by considering various viewpoints. Interactions that involve touching robots influence the changes in the behavior of a person strongly. Therefore, robotics researchers and developers need to design such scenarios carefully. Based on these considerations, this special issue focuses on close human-robot interactions. This special issue on “Human-Robot Interaction in Close Distance” includes a review paper and 11 other interesting papers covering various topics such as social touch interactions, non-verbal behavior design for touch interactions, child-robot interactions including physical contact, conversations with physical interactions, motion copying systems, and mobile human-robot interactions. We thank all the authors and reviewers of the papers and hope this special issue will help readers better understand human-robot interaction in close distance.

scholarly journals The Fundamental Attribution Error in Human-Robot Interaction: An Experimental Investigation on Attributing Responsibility to a Social Robot for Its Pre-Programmed Behavior

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aike C. Horstmann ◽  
Nicole C. Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Social Robot ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Fundamental Attribution Error ◽  
Online Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Attribution Error

AbstractSince social robots are rapidly advancing and thus increasingly entering people’s everyday environments, interactions with robots also progress. For these interactions to be designed and executed successfully, this study considers insights of attribution theory to explore the circumstances under which people attribute responsibility for the robot’s actions to the robot. In an experimental online study with a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects design (N = 394), people read a vignette describing the social robot Pepper either as an assistant or a competitor and its feedback, which was either positive or negative during a subsequently executed quiz, to be generated autonomously by the robot or to be pre-programmed by programmers. Results showed that feedback believed to be autonomous leads to more attributed agency, responsibility, and competence to the robot than feedback believed to be pre-programmed. Moreover, the more agency is ascribed to the robot, the better the evaluation of its sociability and the interaction with it. However, only the valence of the feedback affects the evaluation of the robot’s sociability and the interaction with it directly, which points to the occurrence of a fundamental attribution error.

scholarly journals The effect of interpersonal synchrony with a robot on likeability and social motivation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Henschel ◽  
Emily S. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Interpersonal Synchrony ◽  
Drawing Task ◽  
Free Interaction ◽  
Interaction Period

A wealth of social psychology studies suggest that moving in synchrony with another person positively influences likeability and prosocial behavior towards that individual. Recently, human-robot interaction (HRI) researchers have started to develop real-time, adaptive synchronous movement algorithms for social robots. However, little is known how socially beneficial synchronous movements with a robot actually are. We predicted that moving in synchrony with a robot would improve its likeability and participants’ social motivation towards it, as measured by the number of questions asked during a free interaction period. Using a between-subjects design, we implemented the synchrony manipulation via a drawing task. Contrary to predictions, we found no evidence that participants who moved in synchrony with the robot rated it as more likeable or asked it more questions. By including validated behavioral and neural measures, future studies can generate a better and more objective estimation of synchrony’s effects on rapport with social robots.

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