Physical fitness, activity and hand-grip strength are not associated with arterial stiffness in older individuals

Prior studies have found that exercise has a positive effect on depressive symptoms in the general population. For older individuals, however, the association between exercise and depressive symptoms is conclusive. We examined whether regular exercise is related to depressive symptoms in 5379 Korean adults aged ≥55 years using data from a 2016 survey administered in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. We used the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression scale to assess depressive symptoms. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between regular exercise and depressive symptoms, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, self-rated health, number of chronic diseases, body mass index, hand-grip strength, physical disability, cognitive impairment, and health behavior. Interaction terms, including regular exercise and health-related factors, were also added. We found that a lack of regular exercise was significantly related to an increased frequency of depressive symptoms (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.03–1.35). Moreover, hand-grip strength may increase the effect of regular exercise on depressive symptoms in individuals 65 years and older (OR = 1.01 vs. 1.70, 95% CI = 1.05–1.96). Our results suggest that it is important to encourage older individuals to exercise regularly as a means of relieving depressive symptoms.

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Impact of daily protein and energy intake and distribution on muscle mass and strength in Danish older individuals-The CALM study

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120000518 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Yusuke Nishimura ◽

Grith Hojfeldt ◽

Simon Rønnow Schacht ◽

Kenneth Mertz ◽

Morten Hjulmand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Energy ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Energy Ratio ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Hand Grip

AbstractThe importance of dietary protein for the maintenance of muscle mass and strength is heavily discussed. However, adequate energy intake is an underlying assumption but often not considered. In this study, we investigated the impact of daily intake and meal distribution of both protein and energy on muscle mass and strength. In a cross-sectional study, a total of 184 older individuals (gender: 86F/98M, age: 70.2 ± 3.9 yrs, BMI: 25.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2; means ± SD) were recruited. Participants underwent a 3-day weighed dietary record, Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan, hand-grip strength, and Maximal Voluntary Isometric knee-extension Contraction (MVIC). Participants were divided into two categories: lower (LOW; < 0.83 g/adjusted(a)BW/day) or higher (HIGH; ≥ 1.1 g/aBW/day) protein intake levels analysed by gender to characterize a daily protein and energy intake pattern. Main meal protein and energy intake distributions were calculated, and correlations were made. Further, energy intake at breakfast and lunch divided by total energy intake (energy ratio) was correlated with appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI), hand-grip strength, and MVIC were determined using the LOW/HIGH-protein-intake categorization. Further, gender-specific ASMI, hand-grip strength and knee extension were compared based on the following four distinct daily protein intake ranges: < 0.66; ≥ 0.66- < 0.83; ≥ 0.83- < 1.1; ≥ 1.1 g/aBW/day. A positive correlation appeared between protein and energy intake in all main meals (r ≥ 0.57, p < 0.0001). In the LOW category, positive correlations were found between energy ratio and ASMI (r = 0.16, p = 0.048), hand-grip strength (r = 0.40, p = 0.0009), and MVIC (r = 0.36, p = 0.0019), whereas no associations were found in the HIGH category. ASMI, hand grip, and MVIC were similar regardless of the protein intake ranges, though with women being lower than men (p < 0.05) in all outcomes. These results show that total daily protein intake did not affect muscle mass and strength in our cohort. However, our data demonstrate that greater energy intake in breakfast and lunch relative to total energy intake is associated with higher muscle mass and strength, particularly when protein intake is lower than 0.83 g/aBW/day, indicating the potential importance of meal energy content at lower intakes of protein.

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Role of arterial stiffness in the association between hand grip strength and cardiovascular events

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/hjh.0000000000002753 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

Woohyeun Kim ◽

Seong Hwan Kim ◽

Cheol Ung Choi ◽

Seung Ku Lee ◽

Dong Oh Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Hand Grip

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Components of physical fitness as prognostic factors for falls in elderly female exercise practitioners: a longitudinal study

Fisioterapia em Movimento ◽

10.1590/1980-5918.032.ao59 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

Author(s):

Giovana Zarpellon Mazo ◽

Raquel Ester Lima ◽

Pedro Silvelo Franco ◽

Leonardo Hoffmann ◽

Enaiane Cristina Menezes

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Older Women ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Left Hand ◽

Elderly Female ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Risk Of Falls ◽

Falls In Elderly

Abstract Introduction: Physical exercise is used as a strategy for the prevention of falls because it improves the physical fitness of older adults. Objective: To determine which components of physical fitness are predictors of falls in elderly female exercise practitioners. Method: Longitudinal, descriptive, comparative study. The components of physical fitness (upper and lower limb strength and flexibility, agility, aerobic endurance, and hand grip strength) and the occurrence or not of falls in the last 12 months were analyzed in 80 older women practitioners of exercise from 2013 to 2016. Descriptive analysis, ROC curve attributing cut-off points, and binary logistic regression for the prediction of falls were used. Results: The mean age of the participants was 67.46 years (SD=7.65). Over the years, a significant difference between elderly fallers and non-fallers was observed for right hand grip strength (2013 and 2015), left hand grip strength (2014 and 2015), lower limb flexibility (2013, 2014 and 2015), agility (2015), and aerobic endurance (2015). In adjusted analysis, older women with poor lower limb flexibility in 2013 had a higher risk of falls in 2016 (OR=4.98; 95%CI 1.12 - 22.1). Older women with poor flexibility in 2015 also had a higher risk of falls (OR= 6.08; 95%CI 1.06 - 34.67). Conclusion: Poor performance in the lower limb flexibility, right and left hand grip strength, agility and aerobic endurance tests was associated with falls and these components are predictors of future falls in elderly exercise practitioners.

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Anthropometric and Physical Fitness of the Under-16 Regional-School Cricket Players, of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Global Regional Review ◽

10.31703/grr.2018(iii-i).24 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol III (I) ◽

pp. 333-342

Author(s):

Muhammad Tahir Nazeer ◽

Muhammad Zia Ul Haq ◽

Muhammad Badar Habib

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Training Program ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

T Test ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Arm Span

The aim of this study was to analysis the anthropometry and fitness of the under-16 regional and school cricket players. Twenty participants were selected from the Bahawalpur regional cricket team and (n = 20) from school teams. Selected variables were height, weight, skinfolds, girths, bone lengths, breadths, 30-m race, set-ups, hand grip strength, flexibility, standing broad jump, and agility. the anthropometric and physical fitness of regional and school cricket players was compared by applying Independent t-test. The results disclosed that the regional cricket players were significantly higher in arm span, arm length, and leg lengths, shoulder, elbow and knee breadths. The regional cricketers were faster in 30 m sprints, hand grip strength, setups, flexibility, and standing broad jump than school players. It was concluded the under-16 regional players were superior in anthropometric and physical fitness because they were selected from the larger population and regular in training program than school cricketers.

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Morphological and Physical Profile of a Collegiate Water Skier

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18031150 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1150

Author(s):

Michael A. Woodgate ◽

Joshua J. Gann ◽

William Hey ◽

Hyun Chul Jung

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Muscular Endurance ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Posterior Extension ◽

Physical Tests ◽

Physical Profile

This study aimed to examine morphological and physical fitness profile in collegiate water skiers and to identify the potential morphological and physical fitness factors, important for success in the slalom, trick, and jump events. Twenty collegiate water skiers were subject to anthropometric, somatotype measurements and a battery of physical tests inclusive of water ski-specific fitness variables. An independent t-test was used to compare the gender differences of dependent variables. Partial correlation and linear regression analyses were used to identify the factors that are associated with water ski performance. Male water skiers were lower in endomorphic component and better in power, speed, and cardiorespiratory fitness than female water skiers (p < 0.05). Somatotype such as mesomorphic (r = −0.48) and ectomorphic components (r = −0.60), sum of hand-grip strength (r = 0.98), and muscular endurance including posterior extension (r = 0.59) and left lateral flexion (r = 0.63) were significantly correlated with water skiing performance score (p < 0.05). The results of regression analyses showed that mesomorphic component (r2 = 0.24, p = 0.04), sum of hand-grip strength (r2 = 0.95, p = 0.001), and muscular endurance (r2 = 0.30, p = 0.03), appear to be crucial factors associated with water ski performance in slalom, trick (hands pass), and the jump events, respectively. Our study suggests that different morphological and fitness components are required to succeed in each tournament water skiing event. Coaches and athletes can utilize the battery of physical tests and design a specialized training regimen for each tournament water skiing event.

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The Relationships Between Some Physical Fitness Factors and Muscle Damage in People With Intellectual Disabilities

Iranian Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.32598/irj.18.2.936.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 171-180

Author(s):

Hojjatollah Siavoshi ◽

◽

Hamid Agha Alinejad ◽

Ali Kashi ◽

Mohammad Ali Samavati Sharif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Intellectual Disabilities ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Standardized Test ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Significant Relationships

Objectives: The physical component of tasks can be a problem because of muscle weakness; therefore, this research was performed to investigate the relationships between some physical fitness factors and muscle damage enzyme levels in people with mild Intellectual Disabilities (ID). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 314 students with ID (Body Mass Index [BMI]: 23.42±4.84 kg/m2), after measuring their anthropometric variables (height, weight, and BMI), performed the Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness (CSTF). This test includes flexibility (sit and reach test), muscle endurance (Push-ups and Sit-ups tests), muscle strength (Hand-grip test), and cardiorespiratory endurance (Canada Home Fitness test). Then saliva samples were collected from 20 subjects who were homogeneous for age (Mean±SD: 20.30±2.27 years), sex (male only), and type of ID, for measuring their saliva levels of Creatine Phosphate Kinase (CPK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), and C-reactive Protein (CRP). Data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient and linear and nonlinear regressions (P<0.05). Results: The findings indicated significant relationships between some of the physical fitness factors and some enzymes of muscle damage (P<0.05). The results indicated significant relationships between CPK, with push-ups, sit-ups, and hand-grip strength, as well as between the LDH with push-ups and CRP with sit-ups and hand-grip strength (P<0.05). Discussion: According to the results of the present research, CPK, LDH, and CRP saliva levels in males with an ID have a significant relationship with some of the physical fitness components. Also, the results of the present research have provided equations for estimating CPK, LDH, and CRP saliva levels through CSTF battery test scores in people who have an educable ID.

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Abstract 12981: Association of Serum Growth Differentiation Factor-15 With Egfr, Hemoglobin and Sarcopenia in Healthy Community-dwelling Older Females

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.12981 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Taira Fukuda ◽

Shigeru Toyoda ◽

Shichiro Abe ◽

Teruo Inoue ◽

Toshiaki Nakajima

Keyword(s):

Renal Dysfunction ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Healthy Community

Introduction: Anemia and sarcopenia with renal dysfunction caused by cytokine imbalance can contribute to decreased quality of life for older individuals. Several studies showed that serum GDF-15 level, a member of the TGF-β cytokine superfamily, was negatively correlated with eGFR. In this study, we examined the association of GDF-15 with eGFR, hemoglobin (Hb) and sarcopenia in healthy community-dwelling older females. Methods: A total of 66 healthy older community-dwelling females (age: 75.8 ± 6.2 years) were enrolled for this study. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) by bioelectrical impedance analysis, hand-grip strength and walking speed were assessed, and sarcopenia was evaluated. Serum GDF-15 concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hb, serum iron (Fe), serum albumin (Alb) and high-sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated. Multiple linear regression analyses with serum GDF-15 concentration, eGFR and Hb as the dependent variable were performed to identify influencing independent factors. Results: Among the study subjects, 4 (6%) had sarcopenia. The serum GDF-15 level was positively correlated with age (r = 0.486, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with walking speed (r = -0.363, p = 0.003), but there was no correlation between GDF-15 level and hand-grip strength or SMI. Serum GDF-15 level was also negatively correlated with eGFR (r = -0.535, p < 0.001) and serum Fe level, but had no correlation with hsCRP, Hb or Alb levels. In multiple regression analysis, eGFR and Hb were independent variables to predict serum GDF-15 level, even after adjusting for age and body mass index (eGFR: β = -0.423, p <0.001; Hb: β = -0.363, p=0.004). Serum GDF-15 level was an independent variable to predict eGFR and Hb. Conclusions: Serum GDF-15 level was negatively correlated with eGFR, although it had no correlation with muscle strength or mass. Both Hb and eGFR were predictors for serum GDF-15 concentration in healthy older females. In these community-dwelling older females, renal dysfunction via GDF-15 might be accompanied by anemia, but not sarcopenia.

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The correlation between right hand finger ratio (2D:4D) and the parameters of anthropometric and physical fitness in children

Journal of Human Sciences ◽

10.14687/jhs.v15i1.5268 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 656

Author(s):

Nebahat Eler

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Body Fat ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Right Hand ◽

Standing Long Jump ◽

Vertical Jumping ◽

Long Jump

It is hypothesized that there is a correlation between the ratio of second hand finger to fourth hand finger (2D:4D) which is an indicator of prenatal testosterone and physical fitness and sportive performance The aim of this study was to determined correlation between the right hand finger ratio (2D:4D) and the parameters of anthropometric and physical fitness in male and female children aged between 10 and 12. Six hundred and seventy eight males whose age average was 0.49±1.32 and 592 females whose age average was 10.38 ± 1.48 participated in this study. In addition to taking the students’ right hand 2D:4D, height, weight, triceps, subscapular, full arm and leg measurements, vertical jumping, standing long jump, flexibility, 20 m sprint, 10x5 agility, leg strength, right/left hand grip strength, 20 m shuttle run and balance tests were also performed. Statistically differences were found between anthropometric measurements apart from height and BMI, 2D:4D and physical fitness parameters in the males and females. A negative correlation between right hand 2D:4D and vertical jumping, standing long jump, 20 m sprint, 10x5 agility and right hand grip strength in the males. As for the females, although a negative correlation was detected between right hand 2D:4D and height, a positive correlation was found between the same variable and body fat ratio (p<0.05). It can be concluded that while a low 2D:4D ratio was correlated with static and explosive strength, speed and agility in the males, it was correlated with height and body fat ratio in the females.

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Yoga Practices as an Alternative Training for Physical Fitness in Children With Visual Impairment

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.2018-0167 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 431-446

Author(s):

Soubhagyalaxmi Mohanty ◽

Balaram Pradhan ◽

Alex Hankey

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Well Being ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Wide Range ◽

Group Time

Physical activities provide fundamental benefits to children’s health and well-being. They are vital for development and healthy life, but participation of children with visual impairment is limited. Herein, the authors report results of a 16-wk yoga program, evaluating its effects on physical fitness in children with visual impairment. Eighty-three children age 9–16 years (12.37 ± 2.19) participated in a 2-arm, single-blind wait-list-controlled study at a residential school in south India. Participants (yoga group 41, controls 42) were assessed on muscle strength, flexibility, endurance, coordination, and respiratory health. Significant improvements in physical fitness were observed after the yoga intervention (Group × Time interactions for right-hand grip strength, p < .001; sit-up, p < .001; sit and reach, p < .001; bilateral plate tapping, p < .001; and peak expiratory flow rate, p < .001). Left-hand grip strength showed main effects of time, although there were no Group × Time interactions. Results demonstrate yoga’s ability to improve a wide range of physical variables in children with visual impairment.

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