Accounting for elevation and distance to the nearest coastline in geostatistical mapping of average annual precipitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Buttafuoco ◽  
F. Lucà
Keyword(s):  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation

scholarly journals A Multimethod Analysis for Average Annual Precipitation Mapping in the Khorasan Razavi Province (Northeastern Iran)

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Mehdi Aalijahan ◽  
Azra Khosravichenar
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation ◽  
Inverse Distance

The spatial distribution of precipitation is one of the most important climatic variables used in geographic and environmental studies. However, when there is a lack of full coverage of meteorological stations, precipitation estimations are necessary to interpolate precipitation for larger areas. The purpose of this research was to find the best interpolation method for precipitation mapping in the partly densely populated Khorasan Razavi province of northeastern Iran. To achieve this, we compared five methods by applying average precipitation data from 97 rain gauge stations in that province for a period of 20 years (1994–2014): Inverse Distance Weighting, Radial Basis Functions (Completely Regularized Spline, Spline with Tension, Multiquadric, Inverse Multiquadric, Thin Plate Spline), Kriging (Simple, Ordinary, Universal), Co-Kriging (Simple, Ordinary, Universal) with an auxiliary elevation parameter, and non-linear Regression. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the Coefficient of Determination (R2) were used to determine the best-performing method of precipitation interpolation. Our study shows that Ordinary Co-Kriging with an auxiliary elevation parameter was the best method for determining the distribution of annual precipitation for this region, showing the highest coefficient of determination of 0.46% between estimated and observed values. Therefore, the application of this method of precipitation mapping would form a mandatory base for regional planning and policy making in the arid to semi-arid Khorasan Razavi province during the future.

Comparative Analysis or Precipitation Variation Characteristics between Subtropical Monsoon Climate and Temperate Monsoon Climate-Take Changsha and Chengde for Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113-1122
Author(s):  
Bo Chen ◽  
Shi-jun Xu ◽  
Xin-ping Zhang ◽  
Yi Xie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Intensity ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Precipitation Frequency ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation

Using the methods of literature review, regression analysis and moving average, this paper selects the daily precipitation of Changsha and Chengde from 1951 to 1986 as samples, and analyzes the average precipitation, precipitation frequency, precipitation intensity, extreme precipitation time and other indicators of Changsha and Chengde from the perspective of interannual and seasonal changes Trends. The researches show that: the average precipitation of Changsha in the 36 years is 1151.2mm, spring is the wet season, autumn and winter are the dry seasons, and the maximum average precipitation is in spring; the average annual precipitation, precipitation frequency in spring, summer and winter, annual precipitation frequency, annual precipitation intensity and extreme precipitation events show a decreasing trend. The average annual precipitation of Chengde city is 454.1 mm, wet season in summer and dry season in spring, autumn and winter; the average annual precipitation, precipitation in four seasons, annual precipitation frequency, precipitation frequency in spring, autumn and winter, annual precipitation intensity and extreme precipitation events show a decreasing trend, while the precipitation frequency in summer shows an increasing trend. The study of regional climate change based on the time series data of this stage is of great significance to comprehensively understand the law of regional climate change and predict the future trend of climate change.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variability of Precipitation in Beijing, China during the Wet Seasons

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meifang Ren ◽  
Zongxue Xu ◽  
Bo Pang ◽  
Jiangtao Liu ◽  
Longgang Du
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Circulation Index ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation

To comprehensively evaluate the changes in precipitation patterns in the context of global climate change and urbanization, the spatiotemporal variability of precipitation during the wet seasons of 1981–2017 in Beijing was analyzed in this study using up-to-date daily and hourly precipitation data from observation stations. It was concluded that the average annual precipitation in wet seasons showed a downward trend, while the simple daily intensity index (SDII) showed an upward trend. Precipitation in the central urban area of Beijing showed obvious changes from 1981 to 2017; the average annual precipitation in the central urban area was almost as great as that in Miyun country after 2010, which was the storm center for the past three decades. The average annual maximum 3-h and 6-h precipitation in the 2010s was higher than the past three decades, especially in urban and suburban areas. In addition, the atmospheric circulation index, urbanization impact, and topography were all found to be important factors that affect the pattern of precipitation in Beijing.

VARIABILIDADE HIDROCLIMÁTICA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO NEGRO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO PARA A PORÇÃO BRASILEIRA

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Guilherme Goergen ◽  
Jônatan Dupont Tatsch ◽  
Felipe Raphael Theodorovitz Mendoza ◽  
Roilan Hernández Valdés ◽  
Carolina Kannemberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Accumulated Rainfall ◽  
Interannual Oscillation ◽  
Streamflow Data ◽  
Rio Negro Basin ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation

In this article we carried out a hydroclimatological characterization of the upper reaches of the Rio Negro Basin, located in the Brazilian portion. We used rainfall and streamflow data from the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) and the Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) in the 1995-2014 period, collected at different points surrounding the watershed. From the data analysis, we can identify that the average annual precipitation over the basin varies between 1440 and 1480mm. The annual average streamflow was approximately 538,7mm, corresponding to a runoff coefficient of 38%. The accumulated rainfall and streamflow series showed that, as of mid-year 2004, there was a significant reduction of the accumulated streamflow, probably caused by an increase in water demand for agricultural irrigation due to lower volumes of rainfall. Pre-2005 runoff coefficient showed an interannual oscillation between 36% and 42%, after 2005 the runoff coefficient systematically decreased from 45% to 35%. This reduction suggests an increase in the extraction of water for irrigation which consequently favors greater crop evapotranspiration in a period with slightly lower annual precipitation (2005-2014) compared to the previous period (1995-2004).

scholarly journals Composition and Distribution of Pythium Communities in Wheat Fields in Eastern Washington State

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 867-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Paulitz ◽  
K. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Eastern Washington ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation

Pythium spp. were isolated from a mixture of soil and roots collected from 80 wheat fields in eastern Washington in the summer of 2000 from an area encompassing approximately 27,000 km2. These sites covered a range of soil textures (coarse to fine, silty loess), average annual precipitation (200 to 600 mm), and average annual temperatures (7 to 11°C). Soil type and annual precipitation run in an east-west gradient, while temperature has a north-south gradient. Species were identified using classical methods and by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 region of the rDNA and comparing these sequences to a database from a worldwide collection of Pythium spp. The species with the highest frequency of occurrence among all the sites were P. abappressorium sp. nov. (A) (50%), P. rostratum (R) (40%), P. debaryanum (D) (37.5%), P. heterothallicum (H) (33.7%), P.oligandrum (O) (31.2%), an unidentified P. sp. (aff. echinulatum) (E) (25%), and P. ultimum (U) (18%). P. intermedium, P. irregulare, P. paroecandrum, P. sylvaticum, P. dissimile, and P. dissoticum were isolated at a low frequency. From one to six species were isolated at each site, and there were 46 different species combinations detected. The species presence/absence data from all sites were analyzed with Jaccard's similarity coefficient hierarchical cluster analysis. Six communities were identified (species within each community designation in order of frequency among the sites within the community)-AD, AOU, AR, DEH, HE, and RU. In general, P. abappressorium was evenly distributed over all zones. AOU was more prevalent in zones with lower precipitation and coarser soil, while DEH and HE were associated with zones with higher precipitation and finer-textured soils on the basis of comparison of frequency distributions with the expected distribution over all the sites. The RU community was more prevalent in higher temperature zones. Canonical correspondence analysis was performed to examine the relationship between species and environmental variables. Soil type and precipitation were highly correlated with each other and with axis 1, which separated P. ultimum and P. abappressorium (lower variable values) from P. heterothallicum (higher variable values). Axis 2 and 3 were most correlated with temperature, and these axes separated P. oligandrum (higher value) from P. debaryanum (lower value) and P. ultimum-P. rostratum from the other species. The results suggest that Pythium species composition, distributions, and associations on a given crop may be influenced by environmental factors at a mesoscale level (100 to 1,000,000 ha).

scholarly journals Post-harvest quality of pineapple guava [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret] fruits produced in two locations at different altitudes in Cundinamarca, Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Alfonso Parra-Coronado ◽  
Gerhard Fischer ◽  
Jesús Camacho-Tamayo
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Pineapple Guava ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation

The quality of pineapple guava fruits during post-harvest storage depends directly on their quality at harvest and is influenced by climatic conditions during growth. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of climatic conditions on certain parameters of fruit quality during post-harvest storage. Twenty trees were tagged in two locations within the department of Cundinamarca (Colombia), recording the climatic conditions during fruit growth until harvest. The fruits were differentiated by place of origin and stored at 18 ± 1ºC (76 ± 5% relative humidity, RH) for 11 d or 5 ± 1ºC (87 ± 5% RH) for 31 d, evaluating several quality attributes every two d. The places of origin were San Francisco de Sales (1,800 m a.s.l., 20.6oC, 63-97% RH, with an average annual precipitation of 1,493 mm) and Tenjo (2,580 m a.s.l., 12.5oC, 74-86% RH, with an average annual precipitation of 765 mm). The results indicated that the fruits stored at the highest temperature were sweeter and had reduced weight and firmness, lower acidity, and faster postharvest senescence (lower post-harvest durability). The postharvestN fruit characteristics were determined by considering the fruit quality during growth and the influence of climatic conditions during cultivation in each location. At the higher altitudes, the total soluble solid content in the fruits was higher and firmness decreased, and the total titratable acidity and weight loss were lower. For fruit color, significant differences were not observed that would demonstrate the effect of climatic conditions during the post-harvest period.

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