Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Silver Nanoparticles on Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Isolates from Urine Samples of Diabetic Patients and Infected Human Soft Tissues

The menace of drug resistance, bioavailability and drug delivery to the target sites has motivated researchers to search for new antimicrobial agents from medicinal plants and subsequently use them for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles for effective killing of bacteria challenging to kill using crude extracts. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was done using aqueous extract (AQE) of Euphorbia heterophylla, while characterization and the killing rate of conjugated silver nanoparticles (CAgNPs) were carried out using standard methods. The maximum wavelength obtained for CAgNPs was 410.33 nm, while the size distribution was 237.8 d.nm. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red result showed O-H (3308.94 cm-1), which is responsible for stabilising and reducing silver ions, while the Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed the presence of monodispersed spherical shapes CAgNPs. The Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of silver. There were reductions in the clinical bacterial isolates exposed to CAgNPs as the exposure time increased. Escherichia coli was killed between 6-7 h while Salmonella typhimurium was killed at the seven has the value of 0.00 log10 CFU/ml was recorded respectively. However, there were increments in the populations of clinical bacterial isolates in control as the time of exposure increased. Therefore, the study suggests that the CAgNPs exhibit intense antimicrobial activity and the potential to be developed as an alternative agent to treat bacterial infections, curb multidrug-resistant bacterial infection, and promote speedy drug delivery to the target sites.

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MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT UROPATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM MID STREAM URINE SAMPLES

Journal of Institute of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/jist.v23i1.22159 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 39-42

Author(s):

Nisha Regmi ◽

Sonali Kafle ◽

Rabin Paudyal

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Quantitative Method ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Laboratory Practice ◽

Etiologic Agents ◽

Routine Monitoring

A frequent and consistent evaluation of the prevalence, etiologic agents and predisposing factors of urinary tract infection (UTI) is necessary in developing country like Nepal to reduce its severe consequences. A regular and routine monitoring of multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates is essential in laboratory practice. Five hundred and ninety one mid stream urine samples were collected from Bharosa Hospital of Kathmandu and a semi-quantitative method was used to determine the frequency of MDR uropathogens in the urine samples. Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated bacteria were done by standard microbiological procedure. From the total samples, 161 samples were found to be positive for UTI (27.24 %). Among these bacterial isolates, 57.14 % were found to be MDR. Nitrofurantoin, amikacin and ceftriaxone were found to be the most effective antibiotics against uropathogens.

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Green synthesis of silk sericin-embedded silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial application against multidrug-resistant pathogens

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s43141-021-00176-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Md. Abdullah Al Masud ◽

Hamid Shaikh ◽

Md. Shamsul Alam ◽

M. Minnatul Karim ◽

M. Abdul Momin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Green Synthesis ◽

Bombyx Mori ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Visible Spectroscopy ◽

Silk Sericin ◽

X Ray ◽

Synthesis Strategy ◽

Uv Visible ◽

Multidrug Resistant Pathogens

Abstract Background The green synthesis strategy of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) has become popular due to being environmentally friendly. Stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized by natural products such as starch, soy protein, various extract of leaves, barks, and roots functioning both as reducing and stabilizing agents. Likewise, silk sericin (SS) is a globular protein discarded in the silk factory might be used for NP synthesis. In this research, we focus on the green synthesis and stabilization of AgNPs by SS as well as assessment of their antibacterial activities against some drug-resistant pathogen. Results SS was extracted from Bombyx mori silkworm cocoons in an aqueous medium. 17 w/w% of dry sericin powder with respect to the cocoon’s weight was obtained by freeze-drying. Furthermore, AgNPs conjugated to sericin, i.e., SS-capped silver nanoparticles (SS-AgNPs) were synthesized by easy, cost-effective, and environment-friendly methods. The synthesized SS-AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction measurement. It has been found from the absorbance of UV-visible spectroscopy that a higher percent of SS-AgNPs was obtained at a higher concentration of silver nitrate solution. FTIR-ATR spectra showed that the carboxylate groups obtained from silk sericin act as a reducing agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, while NH2+ and COO− act as a stabilizer of AgNPs. The X-ray diffractogram of SS-AgNPs was quite different from AgNO3 and sericin due to a change in the crystal structure. The diameter of AgNPs was around 20–70 nm observed using TEM. The synthesized SS-AgNPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimal inhibitory/bactericidal concentrations against E. coli and P. aeruginosa were 20μg/mL. Conclusions This study encourages the use of Bombyx mori for the ecofriendly synthesis of SS-AgNPs to control multidrug-resistant microorganisms.

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Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Applications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22137202 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (13) ◽

pp. 7202

Author(s):

Tamara Bruna ◽

Francisca Maldonado-Bravo ◽

Paul Jara ◽

Nelson Caro

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Agents ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Secondary Effects ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Resistant Strains

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been imposed as an excellent antimicrobial agent being able to combat bacteria in vitro and in vivo causing infections. The antibacterial capacity of AgNPs covers Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including multidrug resistant strains. AgNPs exhibit multiple and simultaneous mechanisms of action and in combination with antibacterial agents as organic compounds or antibiotics it has shown synergistic effect against pathogens bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The characteristics of silver nanoparticles make them suitable for their application in medical and healthcare products where they may treat infections or prevent them efficiently. With the urgent need for new efficient antibacterial agents, this review aims to establish factors affecting antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles, as well as to expose the advantages of using AgNPs as new antibacterial agents in combination with antibiotic, which will reduce the dosage needed and prevent secondary effects associated to both.

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Pharmacological Properties of Biogenically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles using Endophyte Bacillus cereus extract of Berberis lyceum against Oxidative Stress and Pathogenic Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.009 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Neelam Mujaddidi ◽

Sobia Nisa ◽

Samha Al Ayoubi ◽

Yamin Bibi ◽

Salman Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

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The Synergistic Effect of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Phage ZCSE2 as a Novel Approach to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060678 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 678

Author(s):

Abdallah S. Abdelsattar ◽

Rana Nofal ◽

Salsabil Makky ◽

Anan Safwat ◽

Amera Taha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Color Change ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Health Concern ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Transmission Electron

The emergence and evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is considered a public health concern. Salmonella is one of the most common pathogens that cause high mortality and morbidity rates in humans, animals, and poultry annually. In this work, we developed a combination of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with bacteriophage (phage) as an antimicrobial agent to control microbial growth. The synthesized AgNPs with propolis were characterized by testing their color change from transparent to deep brown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The phage ZCSE2 was found to be stable when combined with AgNPs. Both minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated for AgNPs, phage, and their combination. The results indicated that MIC and MBC values were equal to 23 µg/mL against Salmonella bacteria at a concentration of 107 CFU/mL. The combination of 0.4× MIC from AgNPs and phage with Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) 0.1 showed an inhibitory effect. This combination of AgNPs and phage offers a prospect of nanoparticles with significantly enhanced antibacterial properties and therapeutic performance.

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The colorimetric and microfluidic paper-based detection of cysteine and homocysteine using 1,5-diphenylcarbazide-capped silver nanoparticles

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d0ra08615k ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 3295-3303 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sattar Shariati ◽

Gholamreza Khayatian

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Human Urine ◽

Quantitative Measurement ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Human Urine Samples

A simple and novel portable method for the quantitative measurement of cysteine and homocysteine in human urine samples is presented.

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Prevalence of Mastitis and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Isolates from CMT Positive Milk Samples Obtained from Dairy Cows, Camels, and Goats in Two Pastoral Districts in Southern Ethiopia

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061530 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1530

Author(s):

Amanuel Balemi ◽

Balako Gumi ◽

Kebede Amenu ◽

Sisay Girma ◽

Muuz Gebru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

E Coli ◽

Milk Samples

A study was carried out from August 2017 to February 2018 on lactating dairy cows, one-humped dromedary camels, and goats to determine mastitis in the Bule Hora and Dugda Dawa districts of in Southern Ethiopia. Milk samples from 564 udder quarters and udder halves from 171 animals consisting of 60 dairy cows, 51 camels, and 60 goats were tested for mastitis. Sixty-four positive udder milk samples were cultured, and bacterial mastitis pathogens were isolated and identified. The antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates from milk with mastitis was tested against nine antimicrobials commonly used in the study area. Cow- and quarter-level prevalence of mastitis in dairy cows, camels, and goats was 33.3%, 26.3%, and 25% and 17.6%, 14.5%, and 20%, respectively. In cattle, the prevalence was significantly higher in Dugda Dawa than in Bule Hora. Major bacterial isolates were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (39.1%), S. aureus (17.2%), S. hyicus (14.1%), and S. intermedius and Escherichia coli (9.4% each). In camels, udder abnormality and mastitis were significantly higher in late lactation than in early lactation. Mastitis tends to increase with parity in camels. E. coli isolates were highly resistant to spectinomycin, vancomycin, and doxycycline, whereas most S. aureus isolates were multidrug-resistant. Most of the rural and periurban communities in this area consume raw milk, which indicates a high risk of infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria. We recommend a community-focused training program to improve community awareness of the need to boil milk and the risk of raw milk consumption.

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