scholarly journals In-Vitro Visualization of Thrombus Growth in Artificial Lungs Using Real-Time X-Ray Imaging: A Feasibility Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kaesler ◽  
Freya Lilli Rudawski ◽  
Mark Oliver Zander ◽  
Felix Hesselmann ◽  
Isaac Pinar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Tissue Contrast

Abstract Purpose Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has gained increasing attention in the treatment of patients with acute and chronic cardiopulmonary and respiratory failure. However, clotting within the oxygenators or other components of the extracorporeal circuit remains a major complication that necessitates at least a device exchange and bears risks of adverse events for the patients. In order to better predict thrombus growth within oxygenators, we present an approach for in-vitro visualization of thrombus growth using real-time X-ray imaging. Methods An in-vitro test setup was developed using low-dose anticoagulated ovine blood and allowing for thrombus growth within 4 h. The setup was installed in a custom-made X-ray setup that uses phase-contrast for imaging, thus providing enhanced soft-tissue contrast, which improves the differentiation between blood and potential thrombus growth. During experimentation, blood samples were drawn for the analysis of blood count, activated partial thromboplastin time and activated clotting time. Additionally, pressure and flow data was monitored and a full 360° X-ray scan was performed every 15 min. Results Thrombus formation indicated by a pressure drop and changing blood parameters was monitored in all three test devices. Red and white thrombi (higher/lower attenuation, respectively) were successfully segmented in one set of X-ray images. Conclusion We showed the feasibility of a new in-vitro method for real-time thrombus growth visualization by means of phase contrast X-ray imaging. In addition, with more blood parameters that are clinically relevant, this approach might contribute to improved oxygenator exchange protocols in the clinical routine.

Exploring experimental parameter choice for rapid speckle-tracking phase-contrast X-ray imaging with a paper analyzer

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1279-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isobel A. Aloisio ◽  
David M. Paganin ◽  
Christopher A. Wright ◽  
Kaye S. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Experimental Parameter ◽  
Dynamic Imaging ◽  
Synchrotron Source ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Detector Distance ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Set Up

Phase-contrast X-ray imaging using a paper analyzer enables the visualization of X-ray transparent biological structures using the refractive properties of the sample. The technique measures the sample-induced distortions of a spatially random reference pattern to retrieve quantitative sample information. This phase-contrast method is promising for biomedical application due to both a simple experimental set-up and a capability for real-time imaging. The authors explore the experimental configuration required to achieve robustness and accuracy in terms of (i) the paper analyzer feature size, (ii) the sample-to-detector distance, and (iii) the exposure time. Results using a synchrotron source confirm that the technique achieves accurate phase retrieval with a range of paper analyzers and at exposures as short as 0.5 ms. These exposure times are sufficiently short relative to characteristic physiological timescales to enable real-time dynamic imaging of living samples. A theoretical guide to the choice of sample-to-detector distance is also derived. While the measurements are specific to the set-up, these guidelines, the example speckle images, the strategies for analysis in the presence of noise and the experimental considerations and discussion will be of value to those who wish to use the speckle-tracking paper analyzer technique.

A Novel Biodegradable Septal Defect Occluder the “Chinese Lantern” Design, Proof of Concept

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wu ◽  
James Yip ◽  
Yong-Dan Tang ◽  
Vincent Khoo ◽  
Jen Fong Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septal Defect ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
General Term ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nickel Allergy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
The Right

Objective Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a general term used to describe an opening in the atrial septum that divides the two atria; unless the hole is occluded, it can give rise to serious complications. Given the need for percutaneous deployment for ASD or patent foramen ovale (PFO) occluders, all currently available devices are made of metals (specifically nitinol) and synthetic fabric. However, their permanent presence in the human body is not desirable due to the risks of long-term allergy, toxicity, and complications such as thrombus formation, device arm fracture, and nickel allergy. Once the hole is covered by a newly regenerated tissue, the device is no longer needed; thus it is ideal if the device is fully absorbed by the body when healing is completed. Methods The “Chinese Lantern” device is made of fully biodegradable polymers featured with a unique pull-fold mechanism. The device was inserted across the ASD/PFO model created on Yorkshire swines through a short sheath by hybrid open surgery. X-ray imaging, echocardiography, and postmortem histopathology were obtained during the 1-month follow-up study period. Results X-ray imaging showed that the devices were in satisfactory position and stable. Echocardiography showed that there is no shunting from the right atrium to the left atrium, indicating excellent sealing. The in vitro degradation study and postmortem explantation study confirmed that the devices have good integrity during the 1-month trial. Furthermore, the devices appeared to be completely endothelialized after 1 month. Conclusions This work proves the feasibility of interventional closure of ASD or PFO with an innovative biodegradable device, which we call the “Chinese Lantern” for its symbolic design.

scholarly journals Real-time measurement of alveolar size and population using phase contrast x-ray imaging

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew F.T. Leong ◽  
Genevieve A. Buckley ◽  
David M. Paganin ◽  
Stuart B. Hooper ◽  
Megan J. Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Time Measurement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Real Time Measurement ◽  
X Ray Imaging

scholarly journals Real-time phase-contrast x-ray imaging: a new technique for the study of animal form and function

BMC Biology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Socha ◽  
Mark W Westneat ◽  
Jon F Harrison ◽  
James S Waters ◽  
Wah-Keat Lee
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
New Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
And Function

In operando visualization of electrolyte stratification dynamics in lead-acid battery using phase-contrast X-ray imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (66) ◽  
pp. 9553-9556
Author(s):  
Daiko Takamatsu ◽  
Tatsumi Hirano ◽  
Akio Yoneyama ◽  
Takayuki Kimura ◽  
Motoko Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Real Time Visualization ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
In Operando ◽  
Lead Acid

Real-time visualization of electrolyte stratification dynamics under lead-acid battery operation with high temporal and spatial resolution by phase-contrast X-ray imaging.

scholarly journals Quantitative X-ray phase contrast computed tomography with grating interferometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenz Birnbacher ◽  
Eva-Maria Braig ◽  
Daniela Pfeiffer ◽  
Franz Pfeiffer ◽  
Julia Herzen
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Tissue Contrast

AbstractThe ability of biomedical imaging data to be of quantitative nature is getting increasingly important with the ongoing developments in data science. In contrast to conventional attenuation-based X-ray imaging, grating-based phase contrast computed tomography (GBPC-CT) is a phase contrast micro-CT imaging technique that can provide high soft tissue contrast at high spatial resolution. While there is a variety of different phase contrast imaging techniques, GBPC-CT can be applied with laboratory X-ray sources and enables quantitative determination of electron density and effective atomic number. In this review article, we present quantitative GBPC-CT with the focus on biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Principles of Different X-ray Phase-Contrast Imaging: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2971
Author(s):  
Siwei Tao ◽  
Congxiao He ◽  
Xiang Hao ◽  
Cuifang Kuang ◽  
Xu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Made In

Numerous advances have been made in X-ray technology in recent years. X-ray imaging plays an important role in the nondestructive exploration of the internal structures of objects. However, the contrast of X-ray absorption images remains low, especially for materials with low atomic numbers, such as biological samples. X-ray phase-contrast images have an intrinsically higher contrast than absorption images. In this review, the principles, milestones, and recent progress of X-ray phase-contrast imaging methods are demonstrated. In addition, prospective applications are presented.

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