scholarly journals “An Eye Turned into a Weapon”: a Philosophical Investigation of Remote Controlled, Automated, and Autonomous Drone Warfare

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Müller
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Philosophical Investigation ◽  
Relational Ontology ◽  
Philosophical Debate ◽  
The Core ◽  
Surveillance Technology ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Drone Warfare ◽  
Military Drones

AbstractMilitary drones (unmanned combat aerial vehicles) combine surveillance technology with missile equipment in a far-reaching way. In this article, I argue that military drones could and should be object for a philosophical investigation, referring in particular on Chamayou’s theory of the drone, who also coined the term “an eye turned into a weapon.” Focusing on issues of human self-understanding, agency, and alterity, I examine the intricate human-technology relations in the context of designing and deploying military drones. For that purpose, I am drawing on the postphenomenological approach developed by Don Ihde in order to systematize the manifold aspects of human-technology relations in a four-level model (embodiment relations, hermeneutic relations, alterity relations, and background relations). This inquiry also includes a critical reflection on the (often hidden) normative implications of this technology. In doing so, I do not intent to offer an exhaustive relational ontology of military drones. I rather aim at providing a framework that is able to capture the core dimensions of this technology and their complex interrelations in a systematic way that has been missing in the philosophical debate so far.

scholarly journals Media Manipulation as a Psychological Warfare in George Orwell’s 1984

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1-i2-Dec) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
K Premanand ◽  
M Kasirajan
Keyword(s):  
Thought Process ◽  
The Core ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
Individual Privacy ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Surveillance Technology ◽  
The People ◽  
Psychological Warfare ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Manipulation

The growth of technology has given the viability to media, which has emerged as ‘the third eye for humans to comprehend the world. The people are too dependent onthese technologies, where they have forgotten their real nature of life. Because of global surveillance, technology has become a double-edged sword, where individual privacy is been lost. Moreover, people have exchanged their precious gift of freedom for the technology, which has become the manacle that restrains them to the core these days. The media is used as a tool to manipulate the thought process of the people in this digital era. The politicians are using these strings to make the people as the puppets, they induce the thought within people and restrict them from thinking beyond. This paper attempts to study the effects of Global surveillance and Media manipulation through George Orwell’s 1984.

Drone Proliferation and the Challenge of Regulating Dual-Use Technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-517
Author(s):  
Marcus Schulzke
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
International Governance ◽  
Institutional Pressures ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Regulatory Guidance ◽  
Domestic Security ◽  
Drone Warfare ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Drones

AbstractThe controversy surrounding military drones has generated many proposals for restricting or prohibiting existing drones, additional autonomous variants that may be created in the future, and the sale of drones to certain markets. Moreover, there is broad interest in regulating military drones, with proposals coming not only from academics but also from NGOs and policymakers. I argue that these proposals generally fail to consider the dual-use character of drones and that they therefore provide inadequate regulatory guidance. Drones are not confined to the military but rather spread across international and domestic security roles, humanitarian relief efforts, and dozens of civilian applications. Drones, their component technologies, the control infrastructure, and the relevant technical expertise would continue to develop under a military-focused regulatory regime as civilian technologies that have the potential to be militarized. I evaluate the prospects of drone regulation with the help of research on other dual-use technologies, while also showing what the study of drones can contribute to that literature. Drones’ ubiquity in nonmilitary roles presents special regulatory challenges beyond those associated with WMDs and missiles, which indicates that strict regulatory controls or international governance frameworks are unlikely to succeed. With this in mind, I further argue that future research should acknowledge that drone proliferation across military and civilian spheres is unavoidable and shift focus to considering how drone warfare may be moderated by countermeasures and institutional pressures.

Cities of Refuge, Rebel Cities, and the City to Come

2019 ◽  
pp. 253-271
Author(s):  
Giovanna Borradori
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
The Political ◽  
Shared Experience ◽  
The Core ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
To Come ◽  
The City

As the processes of globalization transform cities into nodes of accumulation of financial and symbolic capital, it is fair to assume that urban contexts have never been more vulnerable to the systemic imperatives of the market. It is thus surprising that cities continue to be the site where the deepest social and political transformations come to the surface. What, then, preserves the city as a space of dissent? The claim of this chapter is that a critical reflection on the political agency of Northern and Southern cities has to start from asking what it means today to occupy the pavement of their streets. The argument explored here is that, in this age of molecular neoliberal encroachment and restructuring, it is a certain experience of dispossession, rather than the quest for identification and recognition, that makes the city the core of a shared experience of refuge and resistance.

What Is Decolonial Love?

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Joseph Drexler-Dreis
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
The Core ◽  
The North ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
The North Atlantic

The introduction establishes the decolonial perspective that prompts the questions to which the book responds. In light of the modern/colonial context of the North Atlantic world, the introduction raises two basic questions. First, can theology, as a mode of critical reflection that employs core concepts and images within lineages grounded in the European experience, contribute to the task of decolonization? Second, if a positive response to this question were offered, what would the content of that response look like? The introduction then proceeds to map out how the core image of decolonial love is developed through the book as a basis for responding to these questions.

Immediate Staff Debriefing Following Seclusion or Restraint Use in Inpatient Mental Health Settings: A Scoping Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 479-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remar A. Mangaoil ◽  
Kristin Cleverley ◽  
Elizabeth Peter
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
The Core ◽  
Inpatient Mental Health ◽  
Restraint Use ◽  
Mental Health Settings ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Training Modules ◽  
And Training

The aim of this scoping review is to synthesize the academic and gray literature on the use of immediate staff debriefing following seclusion or restraint events in inpatient mental health settings. Multiple electronic databases were searched to identify literature on the topic of immediate staff debriefing. The analysis identified several core components of immediate staff debriefing: terminology, type, critical reflection, iterative process, training, documentation, and monitoring. While these components were regarded as vital to the implementation of debriefing, they remain inconsistently described in the literature. Immediate staff debriefing is an important intervention not only to prevent future episodes of seclusion and restraint use, but as a forum for staff to support each other emotionally and psychologically after a potentially distressing event. The core components identified in this review should be incorporated into the organization’s policies, practice guidelines, and training modules to ensure consistent conceptualization and implementation of the debriefing process.

scholarly journals ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ ТЕСТОВИХ ЗАВДАНЬ ЗАКРИТОГО ТИПУ НА БАЗІ МОДЕЛІ ОНТОЛОГІЇ НА ОСНОВІ КОГНІТИВНИХ ПРОТОТИПІВ

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Ryzhov ◽  
A. M. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Test Preparation ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Cognitive Structures ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Multiple Choice Tests ◽  
Knowledge Domains ◽  
The Core ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Ontological Model

The paper is devoted to resolving a topical issue of automatized tests production in poor-formalized knowledge domains. An approach was proposed to carry out an automatized generation of multiple-choice tests on the basis of an ontological model of a domain based on prototypes of human cognitive structures. The universal ontological three-level model was developed with the core element called "cognitive prototype" as a data structure for knowledge representation in form of such known cognitive structures as concept, frame, scheme, scenario, etc. The formal description of test patterns was devised based on cognitive prototypes as the first step towards their typification, developing of algorithms of their automatized generation and programming of subsystem of intelligent educational systems. Prospects of such approach have been analyzed for designing unified techniques of tests production with reduction of laboriousness of the test preparation process.

scholarly journals Publieke Pastorale Leiers 2: Roeping, Werwing, Keuring, Opleiding, Ordening

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malan Nel
Keyword(s):  
Theological Education ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Core ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Pastoral Leaders ◽  
And Training ◽  
Insight Into

In the first article it was attempted to provide insight into the corporate nature of being called to ministry. The article also tried to discern what the specifics of the  ministry of the public pastoral leader were. Equally important what I call in this article the teleological core of theological education. I want to build upon the concepts established in the first article. I explore the contributions of a number of well-known scholars who devoted much of their research to this field: Schner , Farley,  Wood, Hough and Cobb, Heitink, Van der Ven and others. The ultimate issue is that there is some consensus about the telos of  theological education. It is phrased differently and the different dimensions are indeed complementary. Concepts like ‘vision and discernment’, ‘critical reflection’  ‘reflective practitioner’, ‘hermeneutical-communicative competence’  and others are being discussed as it relate to the core research problem as described in article number 1. In this article I also explore the implications of the departure points for the praxis of recruiting, screening and training of future public pastoral leaders. The article points towards necessary changes that need to take place to get the local church involved in recruitment and screening - taking it serious that ‘we’  are all in the ministry. It also describes how a few churches are managing the process. In doing this, the place of the denominational community of churches is also emphasized and described.

Nomadic Ethics

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosi Braidotti
Keyword(s):  
Relational Ontology ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Human Actors ◽  
Ethical Project

Deleuze's ethics constitutes the core of his philosophy, which proposes a post-humanistic but robust nomadic vision of the subject that respects the complexity of our times while avoiding the pitfalls of postmodern and other forms of relativism. Deleuze's neo-Spinozist ethics rests on an active relational ontology that looks for the ways in which otherness prompts, mobilises and allows for flows of affirmation of values and forces which are not yet sustained by the current conditions. Insofar as the conditions need to be brought about or actualised by collective efforts to induce qualitative transformations in our interactions, it requires the praxis of affirmative ethics. The process of becoming-minor, which necessarily involves becoming-woman, is central to this pragmatic ethical project that includes human as well as non-human actors. This paper addresses this ethics in terms of ontological relationality, affectivity and endurance.

Book Review: Relations: Ontology and Philosophy of Religion by Bertini, Daniele and Migliorini, Damiano (eds.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Valeria Martino
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Philosophical Investigation ◽  
Analytical Philosophy ◽  
Relational Ontology

In this paper, I examine the book "Relations: Ontology and Philosophy of Religion" which is a collection of invited and selected papers dealing with both ontology and the philosophy of religion. It aims  at showing how the two disciplines can fruitfully interact and provide useful tools for philosophical investigation. The background is relational ontology and analytical philosophy.

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