scholarly journals Evaluating the Role of Parental Education and Adolescent Health Problems in Educational Attainment

Demography ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 2245-2267
Author(s):  
Janne Mikkonen ◽  
Hanna Remes ◽  
Heta Moustgaard ◽  
Pekka Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Linear Probability

AbstractThis article reconsiders the role of social origin in health selection by examining whether parental education moderates the association between early health and educational attainment and whether health problems mediate the intergenerational transmission of education. We used longitudinal register data on Finns born in 1986–1991 (n = 352,899). We measured the completion of secondary and tertiary education until age 27 and used data on hospital care and medication reimbursements to assess chronic somatic conditions, frequent infections, and mental disorders at ages 10–16. We employed linear probability models to estimate the associations between different types of health problems and educational outcomes and to examine moderation by parental education, both overall in the population and comparing siblings with and without health problems. Finally, we performed a mediation analysis with g-computation to simulate whether a hypothetical eradication of health problems would weaken the association between parental and offspring education. All types of health problems reduced the likelihood of secondary education, but mental disorders were associated with the largest reductions. Among those with secondary education, there was further evidence of selection to tertiary education. High parental education buffered against the negative impact of mental disorders on completing secondary education but exacerbated it in the case of tertiary education. The simulated eradication of health problems slightly reduced disparities by parental education in secondary education (up to 10%) but increased disparities in tertiary education (up to 2%). Adolescent health problems and parental education are strong but chiefly independent predictors of educational attainment.

scholarly journals Parental education and adolescent health problems due to violence, self-harm and substance use: what is the role of parental health problems?

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Remes ◽  
Heta Moustgaard ◽  
Laura M Kestilä ◽  
Pekka Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Parental Health ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Self Harm

BackgroundAdolescent health problems are more prevalent in families with low socioeconomic position, but few studies have assessed the role of parental health in this association. This study examines the extent to which parental health problems, particularly those related to high-risk health behaviour, might explain the association between parental education and adolescent health problems due to violence, self-harm and substance use.MethodsWe used longitudinal register data on a 20% representative sample of all families with children aged 0–14 years in 2000 in Finland with information on parental social background and parental and offspring health problems based on hospital discharge data. We estimated discrete-time survival models with the Karlson-Holm-Breen method on hospital admissions due to violence, self-harm and substance use among adolescents aged 13–19 years in 2001–2011 (n=145 404).ResultsHospital admissions were 2–3 times more common among offspring of basic educated parents than tertiary educated parents. Similar excess risks were observed among those with parental mental health problems and parental health problems due to violence, self-harm and substance use. The OR for offspring of basic educated parents was attenuated from OR 2.73 (95% CI 2.34 to 3.18) to OR 2.38 (2.04 to2.77) with adjustment for parental health problems, particularly those due to violence, self-harm and substance use. Having both low parental education and parental health problems showed simple cumulative effects.ConclusionsThe excess risks of hospital admissions due to violence, self-harm and substance use among adolescents with lower educated parents are largely independent of severe parental health problems.

Does higher educational attainment imply less crime? Evidence from the Indian states

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-165
Author(s):  
Bijoy Rakshit ◽  
Yadawananda Neog
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Economic Crime ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe primary purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the impact of educational attainment on crime rates across 33 Indian states over the period 2001 to 2013. This paper also examines the role of various macroeconomic, socio-economic and demographic factors in determining the variation of crimes in India.Design/methodology/approachFirst, this paper provides a representative theoretical model and discusses the possible relationship between crime and education. Second, the paper applies a dynamic panel data (DPD) model to extract more precise, unbiased and reliable estimates of the effect of education in abating different crime rates. The main advantage of using the dynamic panel model is to address the problem of endogeneity in some regressors and capture the time persistent effect of education on crime.FindingsEmpirical findings reveal that a 1% increase in gross enrolment ratio leads to the reduction of total crime by 8%. However, a unique finding identifies a positive association between tertiary education and economic crime. This finding further goes against the general belief that criminals tend to be less educated than non-criminals.Practical implicationsThis paper recommends that instead of punishment and mandatory law enforcement for offenders, increase in government expenditure and different educational attainment ratios can go a long way to combat crime in India, which has posed a serious threat to the stability of society. Furthermore, utilizing the information on offenders' educational attainment in examining the crime rates can be a future research agenda for policymakers.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the empirical debate of ‘crime-education nexus’ by examining the role of education on crime in India. This study is the first of its kind that focuses on the aspects of crime and education more recently and investigates the relationship between crime and education due to the recent changes in educational attainment ratios and crime rate.

scholarly journals Psychiatric Comorbidity in Droup Out from Educational Attainment Attending Tertiary Care Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
SMAA Mamun ◽  
AA Mamun Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Higher Secondary Education

Background: Studies of the impact of mental disorders on educational attainment are rare. Mental disorders, those beginning in childhood or adolescence may increase the risk of early droup out from education. The latter has been shown to have adverse life-course consequences on individuals such as greater demand on social welfare entitlements.Objective: To find out socio-demographic status and psychiatric comorbidity profile of patients with education droup out.Design: Descriptive cross sectional study.Setting: All cases were selected from patients attending at Comilla Medical College hospital and Tertiary Care hospitals in Comilla City from August 2014 to April 2015.Methods: A total of 50 droup out patients aged 10 to 30 years who fullfiled the enrolment criteria included in the study. A semi structural questionnaire, DSM-5 and ICD-10 have been used as research instruments. The Frequency tables, summary tables and appropriate graphs were prepared to describe the population characteristics and study finding.Result: Total 62 participants were approach for interview. Considering inclusion and exclusion criteria finally 50 patients were selected for the study. In this study, anxiety disorders was 8%, behaviour/ impulse control disorders was 8%, mood disorders was 16%, substance use disorders was 24%, schizophrenia spectrum disorders was 12% and composite psychiatric disorders was 32%. Among droup out patient’s non- completion of primary education was 14%, non- completion of secondary education was 20%, non- completion of higher secondary education was 24%, not entry to tertiary education was 12% and non- completion of tertiary education was 30%. Among behaviour/impulse control disorders non- completion of primary education was 6%, substance use disorders non- completion of higher secondary education was 10%, mood disorder both non- completion of higher secondary education and non- completion of tertiary education were 6%. Among composite psychiatric disorders non- completion of secondary education, non- completion of higher secondary education and non- completion of tertiary education were 8%, 6% and 12% respectively. Socioeconomic status represented the homogenous result in this study. Most of the psychiatric morbidity was male (62%) and age group of 18-24 years (54%).Conclusion: Onset of mental disorder and subsequent droup out from education that was found in this study. Further multi-centered prospective and population-based studies should be desined to fint out the exact situation.TAJ 2013; 26: 38-42

scholarly journals Parental Education and the Association between Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Asthma in Adolescents: The Greek Global Asthma Network (GAN) Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
George Antonogeorgos ◽  
Kostas N. Priftis ◽  
Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos ◽  
Philippa Ellwood ◽  
Luis García-Marcos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable

Background: Evidence suggests that nutritional factors, such as consumption of fruits and vegetables, along with socioeconomic factors such as parental education level, are associated with asthma prevalence. Our study examined the role of parental education in the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and adolescent asthma. Methods: 1934 adolescents (mean age: 12.7 years, standard deviation: 0.6 years, boys: 47.5%) and their parents were voluntarily enrolled and completed a validated questionnaire assessing current asthma status, fruit and vegetable consumption and parental educational level. Participants were categorized as high or low intake for five food groups: fruits, cooked vegetables, raw vegetables, all vegetables (cooked and raw), and all three food groups together (fruits and all vegetables). Results: Adolescents who were high consumers of all three food groups (fruits, cooked and raw vegetables) were less likely to have asthma, adjusted for several confounders (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25–0.97). Moreover, in adolescents who had parents with tertiary education and were in the high consumption of all three food groups, the inverse association was almost twofold higher than the one for adolescents with parents of primary/secondary education (aOR: 0.35, 95% CI: (0.21–0.89) and aOR: 0.61, 95% CI: (0.47–0.93) respectively). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of the adoption of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables for all asthmatic adolescents and emphasize the important role of parental influences in this association.

scholarly journals The Role of Wijaya Kusuma's Youth Information and Counseling Center (PIK-R) on Adolescent Health Problems

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Khoiriyah Isni ◽  
Ratu Matahari
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
National Development ◽  
Counseling Center ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Improvement Programs

The issue of adolescent health is important for national development. Adolescents need a place that can provide facilities in the form of correct information and life skills improvement programs. So as to deal with various health problems of adolescent. Government efforts to overcome these problems through the establishment of the Youth Information and Counseling Center (PIK-R) that can be done in schools. PIK-R in schools that have been formed can be assessed its role to adolescent health problems. The purpose of this research is to know the role of PIK-R Wijaya Kusuma in overcoming the health problem of adolescent among non-members of PIK-R. The research used qualitative design with case study approach. The data were collected by focus group discussion (FGD) technique on 10 non PIK-R member students. The results of the study reported that PIK-R Wijaya Kusuma has an important role as health information source for non PIK-R member students in facing adolescent health problems. Besides, teachers and NGOs. Awareness of non-members of PIK-R Wijaya Kusuma related to adolescent's vulnerability to high adolescent health problems, peers and family plays an important role in adolescent health behavior.

scholarly journals Vision impairment and the transition to university education: The role of ICTs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Edgar Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
University Education ◽  
Transition To University ◽  
Transition Experience ◽  
Transition Issues

<p>The transition to university is a crucial process in the lives of young people who pursue tertiary education. It can be a stressful experience for all students in general but it is especially challenging for those with disabilities. In recent years the number of students with disabilities enrolled in tertiary institutions has grown steadily. Also, the transition to university has become a topic of interest for policy makers and scholars around the world. However, there is still limited research about the transition to university for students with disabilities and the issues they face when they start their university journey. Additionally, very little research has examined the role of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) in supporting their transition experience.  This research focuses on students with vision impairments, one of the disability groups who have been less studied in academia, and seeks to answer two research questions. First, what are the factors that influence students with vision impairments’experiences of the transition process to university education? Second, how are ICTs used to support this process? The research participants, aged 18 to 24 years old, were all undergraduate students enrolled at Victoria University of Wellington. Data was collected over a year and a half through observations, a researcher diary, individual interviews, social media and focus group meetings. Action research (AR) was the research method used in this qualitative and inductive study. The AR intervention included organising informal face-to-face support group discussions with the participants at different periods of their first trimester at university and setting up a website and a social media group page.  The research findings have significant contributions for knowledge and practice. It was found that students with vision impairments are able to develop self-determination skills as they are using and adapting ICTs creatively and innovatively in order to make sense of their transition. This group of students not only use these tools in compensating for their vision impairment but also to interact and collaborate with their peers. This research has also identified five overlapping transition stages: Exploring, Discovering, Coping with, Readjusting and Settling in. Similarly, it includes a description of different transition issues (e.g. academic system, social connections, and financial matters) that have a positive and/or negative impact on the transition experience.  Likewise, the findings show that ICTs play a role in the transition to university and that this role varies depending on the transition stage, the transition issues the students with vision impairments deal with and their personal needs. To a large extent, ICTs are embedded in the everyday activities of the students with vision impairments. In addition to using adaptive technologies, they have already incorporated other tools, such as Web 2.0 (e.g. Facebook), and portable devices (e.g. smartphones), and use them for their university activities and transition experience. In this respect, this research suggests rethinking transition in terms of the idea of Transition 2.0, a concept that describes the current escenario of transition to university for students with vision impairments.  This study represents a significant contribution from the field of information systems (IS) to research areas such as disability and tertiary education.</p>

scholarly journals Pathways To Pain And Disability: The Impact of Early Social Deprivation And Educational Attainment In Newly Diagnosed Osteoarthritis Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afroditi Kouraki ◽  
Tobias Bast ◽  
Eamonn Ferguson ◽  
Ana Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Disease Stages ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Previous research established links between pain and cognitive function on one hand and pain and anxiety on the other, and there is some evidence linking osteoarthritis to lower educational attainment. However, the inter-play of these factors and the role of key social factors (social deprivation) at the early disease stages are not understood. Using data from waves 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) (n = 1,240), we tested how social deprivation, education and anxiety, before diagnosis, affects the relationship between cognitive function, pain and independence (activities of daily living) in a subsample of respondents reporting a diagnosis of osteoarthritis at wave 6, with cross-lagged panel models. We show that social deprivation, before osteoarthritis diagnosis, predicts functional impairment in daily living after diagnosis, with this effect partly mediated by impaired cognitive function, and that education before diagnosis is protective against impairments in daily living after diagnosis via better cognitive function and lower anxiety at wave 5. Therefore, improving cognitive function and managing anxiety may mitigate the negative impact of social deprivation and low educational attainment on independent living and help to promote independence in patients with osteoarthritis.

scholarly journals Early home-leaving (HL) and educational attainment − The moderating role of HL in the intergenerational transmission of education

2021 ◽  
pp. 000169932110289
Author(s):  
Hanna Remes ◽  
Outi Sirniö ◽  
Pekka Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Transitions To Adulthood ◽  
Educational Disadvantage ◽  
Home Leaving ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission Of Education

Leaving the parental home is a key step in successful transitions to adulthood. Early home-leaving (HL) is associated with lower educational attainment, but the role of early versus later home-leaving in the intergenerational transmission of education has not been assessed in previous research. We used a longitudinal register-based total sample of families in Finland to examine whether the association between parental and offspring education differs between early (below age 19) and later home-leavers, including a comparison between early and later leaving siblings. We found the lower probability of completing any secondary degree among early leavers to be larger among those with lower-educated than higher-educated parents. In contrast, in continuing to tertiary-level education, the educational disadvantage among early leavers was much larger among offspring of the higher-educated parents. Differences by HL across levels of parental education persisted adjustment for other parental and childhood resources, although only modest evidence of moderation was found when comparing early and later leaving siblings. Our findings on weaker intergenerational transmission of education among early leavers with an advantaged background, and accumulation of disadvantage among early leavers with less advantaged background suggest that timing of HL has an independent role in educational inequalities.

scholarly journals Teenage Time Use and Educational Attainment in Adulthood in Finland

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Satu Ojala ◽  
Man-Yee Kan ◽  
Tomi Oinas
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Time Use Survey

We investigated the role of teenage everyday social ties in educational outcomes by examining the association between teenage time use and educational attainment in adulthood. The sample consisted of young people aged 10–18 from the 1979 Finnish Time Use Survey, and the same respondents’ educational attainment later in life recorded from population register data at the year of 40th birthday (n = 366 men and 393 women). We assessed the associations of time spent with the parents, on studying, leisure activities, as well as social connectedness with friends and participation in extracurricular activities, with educational outcomes. Our findings indicated that time spent with the father is positively associated with the likelihood of completing tertiary education for both daughters and sons. In particular, time spent with lower-education fathers was associated with teenagers’ future tertiary education. However, intense friendships and participation in extracurricular activities were not associated with academic achievement later in life. The findings suggest that educational attainment is partly explained by teenage time spent with the family. Less-educated fathers can enhance the attainment of higher education of their children by spending more time with their teenage children.

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