scholarly journals Canopy composition and site are indicative of mineral soil conditions in Patagonian mixed Nothofagus forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Toro-Manríquez ◽  
Rosina Soler ◽  
María Vanessa Lencinas ◽  
Álvaro Promis
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Nothofagus Forests ◽  
Canopy Composition

scholarly journals Permafrost Thaw with Thermokarst Wetland-Lake and Societal-Health Risks: Dependence on Local Soil Conditions under Large-Scale Warming

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Olof Selroos ◽  
Hua Cheng ◽  
Patrik Vidstrand ◽  
Georgia Destouni
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Surface Warming ◽  
Permafrost Thaw ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Local Soil Conditions ◽  
Mineral Soils

A key question for the evolution of thermokarst wetlands and lakes in Arctic and sub-Arctic permafrost regions is how large-scale warming interacts with local landscape conditions in driving permafrost thaw and its spatial variability. To answer this question, which also relates to risks for ecology, society, and health, we perform systematic model simulations of various soil-permafrost cases combined with different surface-warming trends. Results show that both the prevalence and the thaw of permafrost depended strongly on local soil conditions and varied greatly with these for the same temperature conditions at the surface. Greater ice contents and depth extents, but also greater subsurface volumes thawing at depth under warming, are found for peat soils than other studied soil/rock formations. As such, more thaw-driven regime shifts in wetland/lake ecosystems, and associated releases of previously frozen carbon and pathogens, may be expected under the same surface warming for peatlands than other soil conditions. Such risks may also increase in fast permafrost thaw in mineral soils, with only small thaw-protection effects indicated in the present simulations for possible desertification enhancement of mineral soil covers.

scholarly journals Soil fertility and productivity estimation of Pinus pinaster Aiton reforestations in Central and Northeast Chalcidice in Northern Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 470-475
Author(s):  
Karamanoli Katherine ◽  
Papaioannou Athanasios ◽  
Sofogianni Stella
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Western Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Productivity Estimation

Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) is a notable fast-growing conifer, native to the Western Mediterranean Basin, which is considered suitable for reforestations. This tree species was artificially installed in Chalcidice, Northern Greece, about 40 years ago, in order to upgrade mountain ecosystems. The experiment reported in this paper was undertaken to estimate soil conditions and the development progress of maritime pine in the above reforestations. Samples of mineral soil and forest floor were taken from 12 different sites at 2 locations. Despite age, rather weak maritime pine trees are found in both studied locations. Furthermore, significant accumulation of organic matter and nutrients was observed in both forest floor and mineral soil.

The influence of basswood (Tilia americana) and soil chemistry on soil nitrate concentrations in a northern hardwood forest

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair D. Page ◽  
Myron J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Adirondack Mountains ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Overstory Tree

In the Arbutus Lake Watershed in the Adirondack Mountains, New York, two nearly adjacent catchments (14 and 15) varied significantly in volume-weighted stream water nitrate (NO3) export (54 and 17 μequiv.·L–1, respectively; P < 0.001). The most notable differences between the catchments were that Catchment 14 had significantly higher soil Ca concentrations and patches of basswood ( Tilia americana L.). We evaluated the possible contributions of basswood and soil Ca concentrations to soil water NO3 concentrations. Among the major overstory tree species, basswood leaf litter had the lowest C:N ratios, highest Ca concentrations, and among the lowest lignin:N ratios. Basswood basal area was significantly related to soil water NO3 concentrations (R = 0.46, P = 0.01). Forest floor and mineral soil Ca concentrations were positively correlated with basswood basal area and negatively correlated with American beech ( Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) basal area. Our results suggest that a relatively low-density, calciphilic species such as basswood may create, given the proper soil conditions, hotspots with elevated soil water NO3 concentrations. These hotspots result from the convergence of high soil Ca concentrations, due mostly to soil geology, with relatively labile litter substrate available for N mineralization and nitrification.

scholarly journals The greenhouse gas exchange responses of methane and nitrous oxide to forest change in Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 6129-6168 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gundersen ◽  
J. R. Christiansen ◽  
G. Alberti ◽  
N. Brüggemann ◽  
S. Castaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
Soil C ◽  
High Soil

Abstract. Climate change and air pollution, interact with altering forest management and land-use change to produce short and long-term changes to forest in Europe. The impact of these changes on the forest greenhouse gas (GHG) balance is currently difficult to predict. To improve the mechanistic understanding of the ongoing changes, we studied the response of GHG (N2O, CH4) exchange from forest soils at twelve experimental or natural gradient forest sites, representing anticipated future forest change. The experimental manipulations one or more per site included nitrogen (N) addition (4 sites), changes of climate (temperature, 1 site; precipitation, 2 sites), soil hydrology (3 sites), harvest intensity (1 site), wood ash fertilization (1 site), pH gradient in peat (1 site) and afforestation of cropland (1 site). In most of the investigated treatments N2O emissions increased by 7 ± 3 (range 0–30) μg N2O-N m−2 h−1 across all treatments on mineral soils, but by up to 10 times the mineral soil maximum on an acidic organic soil. Soil moisture together with mineral soil C/N ratio and pH were found to significantly influence N2O emissions across all treatments. Emissions increased with N availability and decreased with soil C/N ratio, especially in interaction with increased soil moisture. High pH reduced the formation of N2O, even under otherwise favourable soil conditions. Oxidation (uptake) of CH4 was reduced from 16 ± 2 to 4 ± 6 μg CH4-C m−2 h−1 by the investigated treatments. The CH4 exchange was significantly influenced by soil moisture and soil C/N ratio across all treatments, and CH4 emissions occurred only in wet or water-saturated conditions. For most of the investigated forest manipulations or natural gradients, the response of both N2O and CH4 fluxes was towards reducing the overall GHG forest sink. The most resilient forests were dry Mediterranean forests, as well as forests with high soil C/N ratio or high soil pH. Mitigation strategies may focus on (i) sustainable management of wet forest areas and forested peat lands, (ii) continuous forest cover management, (iii) reducing atmospheric N input and, thus, N availability, and (iv) improving neutralisation capacity of acid soils (e.g. wood ash application).

IN SITU NUTRIENT EXTRACTION BY RESIN FROM FORESTED, CLEAR-CUT AND SITE-PREPARED SOIL

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 943-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. KRAUSE ◽  
D. RAMLAL
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting

Anion and cation resins were tested as sinks for nutrient ions under variable forest soil conditions. The resins, contained in nylon bags, were placed for periods of 4 wk below the forest floor of a softwood stand, and at approximately 7.5 cm depth on an adjacent clearcut with two different types of site preparation for tree planting. The soil was an Orthic Humo-ferric Podzol. Ion sorption below the forest floor, especially the sorption of ammonium, nitrate and phosphate, was strongly increased after clear-cutting of the forest. Sorption rates were generally lower in the mineral soil than immediately below the forest floor, except for nitrate and sulphate. Mixing of forest floor materials and fine logging debris into the mineral surface horizons generally increased resin sorption if compared to sorption in soil from which the forest floor had been removed. Resin sorption also revealed strong seasonal effects which may have been caused by changes in soil temperature and moisture. Key words: Ion exchange resin, forest soil fertility, seasonal nutrient fluctuation, site preparation

scholarly journals 624 Nitrate and Iron Reductase Activities in Vaccinium Species

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 505A-505
Author(s):  
Umpika Poonnachit ◽  
Rebecca L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Iron Availability ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Iron Reductase ◽  
Nr Activity

Vaccinium corymbosum, one of the cultivated blueberry species, is not well-adapted to mineral soils, which are generally marked by high pH, the predominance of NO3-N over NH4-N, and limited iron availability. A wild species, V. arboreum, grows naturally on mineral soils, and thus may be better adapted than V. corymbosum. This adaptation may be related to the ability of V. arboreum to assimilate NO3 and/or iron more efficiently than V. corymbosum. Both species were grown in a hydroponic solution containing 5.0 mM N as (NH4)2SO4 or NaNO3, and buffered to pH 5.5. Nitrate reductase (NR) and iron reductase (FeR) activities were measured. NR activity was higher in V. arboreum compared with V. corymbosum when grown with N03-N, while no difference between species was observed when grown under NH4-N. Activity of FeR was higher in V. arboreum compared with V. corymbosum, and higher under NO3-N compared with NH4-N. After 5 months in hydroponics, Fe was removed from one-half of the solutions. The activity of NRA in both species was higher under Fe-sufficient compared with Fe-limited conditions, but in both cases, activity was higher in V. arboreum compared with V. corymbosum. FeR activity continued to be higher in V. arboreum compared with V. corymbosum, and under NO3 compared with NH4-N. Activity decreased in both species under limited Fe conditions, and there were no interactions between species and Fe. These data indicate that V. arboreum possesses higher NR and FeR activities than V. corymbosum, under both Fe-sufficient and Fe-limited conditions. This may play a role in the better adaptability of V arboreum to mineral soil conditions.

scholarly journals Soil Restoration through the Application of Organic Mulch Following Skidding Operations Causing Vehicle Induced Compaction in the Hyrcanian Forests, Northern Iran

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1060
Author(s):  
Azadeh Khoramizadeh ◽  
Meghdad Jourgholami ◽  
Mohammad Jafari ◽  
Rachele Venanzi ◽  
Farzam Tavankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In this study an attempt was made to assess how different mulches affect the soil environment. In particular, different organic mulches such as leaf litter, straw and sawdust were tested in order to assess their capacities to amend the soil conditions. These analyses were carried out in the Hyrcanian mixed broadleaved forest. Organic mulches can compensate the litter layer loss on compaction-induced soil and accelerate the restoration process of soil properties, which takes from a few years to several decades without mulching. However, comprehensive knowledge on the effects of organic mulch on soil quality in terms of compaction-induced soil in the scientific literature is still scarce and inadequate. The main aim of the study was to examine the effects of three organic mulches (leaf litter, straw and sawdust) on the restoration of forestry vehicle-induced soil properties in the skid trail over a 2-year period. The results showed as the values of soil physical and chemical properties in litter, straw and sawdust treatments were significantly restored as compared with the values in the untreated soil. In general, leaf litter supplies nutrients at higher rates than the straw and sawdust mulches. However, according to the current results, a 2-year period is not enough to return the soil physical and chemical properties to pre-traffic levels. Furthermore, the present study shows that organic mulch spread on the surface of mineral soil in the skid trails after machine traffic acts as a fertilizer to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter.

scholarly journals The effect of soil type and soil additives on the selected growth parameters and yield of flowerheads of Calendula officinalis L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Ratajczak ◽  
Hana Sulewska ◽  
Grażyna Szymańska ◽  
Agnieszka Wolna-Maruwka ◽  
Agnieszka Faligowska
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Soil Additives ◽  
Calendula Officinalis L ◽  
Soil Additive

SummaryIntroduction:Soil additives, which usually contain nutrients and microorganism, can improve soil conditions for plants. There are still few papers dedicated to the application of soil additives in herb plants, especially in calendula.Objective:The aim of the study was to determine the effect of selected soil additives on growth and yield of calendula.Methods:In a pot experiment first order factor was a type of soil: mineral soil with straw, mineral soil and organic soil. The second order factor was soil additive: control, UG Max, EM1 and PRP SOL.Results:The application of UG Max and PRP SOL increased the yield of dry matter of flowerheads by respectively 48.1% and 46.3% in comparison with the control group.Conclusions:UG Max and PRP SOL proved to be the most useful soil additive for calendula growing. The effect of UG Max and PRP SOL was particularly good on organic soil.

A modular terrain model for daily variations in machine-specific forest soil trafficability

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Vega-Nieva ◽  
Paul N. C. Murphy ◽  
Mark Castonguay ◽  
Jae Ogilvie ◽  
Paul A Arp
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Space Module ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cone Index

A modular approach is presented to assess terrain-specific soil trafficability in terms of soil resistance to penetration and machine-specific rut depths. These modules address: (1) soil resistance to cone penetration (cone index, or CI) as affected by soil moisture, texture and pore space (Module 1), (2) machine-induced rut depths (single-pass and multi-cycles) as affected by wheel loads, tire specifications and CI (accounting for depth of compactable soil, Module 2), (3) temporal variations in hydrothermal conditions, CI, and potential rut depths due to daily soil moisture and temperature variations (Module 3), and (4) spatial variations in CI and rut depth across terrain due to corresponding changes in soil moisture, depth of compactable soil, bulk density, texture, frost depth, organic matter and coarse fragments (Module 4). The approach is applied to off-road wood-forwarding operations. Modules 1 and 2 were calibrated to apply to a wide range of soil conditions. Modules 3 and 4 were initialized for a wood-forwarding case study at CFB Gagetown, New Brunswick, Canada. Model results should be most applicable for flat to near-flat terrain, with insignificant wheel obstructions, and no organic matter accumulations on top of the mineral soil. Key words: Forest harvesting, soil penetration resistance, cone index, soil rut depth, soil disturbance, soil trafficability, soil compaction, terrain modelling

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