Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of methanolic extract of Mallotus repandus stem in animal models

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potentials of methanolic extract ofBridelia retusafruit (BRME) were evaluated against different animal models in rodents. Antinociceptive effects of BRME were assessed in mice using the acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin test. Anti-inflammatory effects of BRME in three different doses, namely, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, were evaluated by utilizing different animal models representing various changes associated with inflammation, namely, carrageenan-induced paw oedema, histamine and serotonin-induced paw oedema, arachidonic acid-induced paw oedema, formalin-induced paw oedema, TPA-induced ear oedema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, total WBC count in paw fluid, and myeloperoxidase assay. Also BRME was phytochemically evaluated using chromatographic method. The BRME did not exhibit any signs of toxicity up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg. The extract showed statistical significant inhibition of induced nociception and inflammation in dose dependent manner. The higher dose of extract significantly inhibited pain and inflammation against control (P<0.001). HPLC results revealed the presence of gallic acid and ellagic acid as phytoconstituents in BRME and it was proven as anti-inflammatory agents. The present study scientifically demonstrated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of fruit ofB. retusamethanolic extract. These effects may be attributed to the presence of polyphenolic phytoconstituents in the extract.

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Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Organic and Aqueous Extracts of Northeast Algerian Marrubium vulgare

Phytothérapie ◽

10.3166/phyto-2018-0106 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (S1) ◽

pp. S119-S129

Author(s):

I. Namoune ◽

B. Khettal ◽

A.M. Assaf ◽

S. Elhayek ◽

L. Arrar

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Marrubium Vulgare ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Marrubium vulgare (Lamiaceae) is frequently used in traditional medicine to treat many illnesses from ancient times. Its beneficial effects include antibacterial, antioedematogenic, and analgesic activities. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of organic and aqueous extracts of the leaves, the flowers, the stems, and the roots of Marrubium vulgare. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory effects of methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts have been investigated by using different in-vitro methods. It was found that the ethyl acetate extract from Marrubium vulgare stems had the highest total phenolic content, while the ethyl acetate extract from the leaves yielded a high concentration of flavonoids. The ethyl acetate extract from the stems exhibited the highest activity in scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), as well as in protecting erythrocytes. The leaves aqueous extract exhibited the highest ferrous chelating activity and its methanolic extract was found to be the strongest inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in β-carotene bleaching assay. The leaves chloroform extracts as well as the flowers methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts were found to decrease the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) cytokine levels in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, the flowers methanolic extract and the leaves methanol, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts decreased the interleukin-1 beta (IL- 1β) release. It was also found that the methanol extract from the flowers and the chloroform extract from the stems of Marrubium vulgare inhibited interleukin-8 (IL-8) release. This study provides a scientific basis for the traditional use of Marrubium vulgare as an anti-inflammatory agent and for the plant to be considered as an important resource of natural antioxidants.

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Antidiarrheal activity of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera lam roots in experimental animal models

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.31838/ijpr/2018.10.03.100 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Experimental Animal ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Experimental Animal Models ◽

Antidiarrheal Activity ◽

Moringa Oleifera Lam

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Consideration of a Pharmacological Combinatorial Approach to Inhibit Chronic Inflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease

Current Alzheimer Research ◽

10.2174/1567205016666191106095038 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 1007-1017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James G. McLarnon

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Animal Models ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Preventive Strategy ◽

Subsequent Work ◽

Activated Microglia ◽

Starting Point ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Cocktail Approach

A combinatorial cocktail approach is suggested as a rationale intervention to attenuate chronic inflammation and confer neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The requirement for an assemblage of pharmacological compounds follows from the host of pro-inflammatory pathways and mechanisms present in activated microglia in the disease process. This article suggests a starting point using four compounds which present some differential in anti-inflammatory targets and actions but a commonality in showing a finite permeability through Blood-brain Barrier (BBB). A basis for firstchoice compounds demonstrated neuroprotection in animal models (thalidomide and minocycline), clinical trial data showing some slowing in the progression of pathology in AD brain (ibuprofen) and indirect evidence for putative efficacy in blocking oxidative damage and chemotactic response mediated by activated microglia (dapsone). It is emphasized that a number of candidate compounds, other than ones suggested here, could be considered as components of the cocktail approach and would be expected to be examined in subsequent work. In this case, systematic testing in AD animal models is required to rigorously examine the efficacy of first-choice compounds and replace ones showing weaker effects. This protocol represents a practical approach to optimize the reduction of microglial-mediated chronic inflammation in AD pathology. Subsequent work would incorporate the anti-inflammatory cocktail delivery as an adjunctive treatment with ones independent of inflammation as an overall preventive strategy to slow the progression of AD.

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