Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Organic and Aqueous Extracts of Northeast Algerian Marrubium vulgare

Marrubium vulgare (Lamiaceae) is frequently used in traditional medicine to treat many illnesses from ancient times. Its beneficial effects include antibacterial, antioedematogenic, and analgesic activities. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of organic and aqueous extracts of the leaves, the flowers, the stems, and the roots of Marrubium vulgare. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory effects of methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts have been investigated by using different in-vitro methods. It was found that the ethyl acetate extract from Marrubium vulgare stems had the highest total phenolic content, while the ethyl acetate extract from the leaves yielded a high concentration of flavonoids. The ethyl acetate extract from the stems exhibited the highest activity in scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), as well as in protecting erythrocytes. The leaves aqueous extract exhibited the highest ferrous chelating activity and its methanolic extract was found to be the strongest inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in β-carotene bleaching assay. The leaves chloroform extracts as well as the flowers methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts were found to decrease the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) cytokine levels in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, the flowers methanolic extract and the leaves methanol, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts decreased the interleukin-1 beta (IL- 1β) release. It was also found that the methanol extract from the flowers and the chloroform extract from the stems of Marrubium vulgare inhibited interleukin-8 (IL-8) release. This study provides a scientific basis for the traditional use of Marrubium vulgare as an anti-inflammatory agent and for the plant to be considered as an important resource of natural antioxidants.

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IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF ERANTHEMUM CAPENSE

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i2.36119 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 33-35

Author(s):

ANOOPA JOHN L ◽

KANNAPPAN N ◽

MANOJKUMAR P

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Protein Denaturation ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Objective: The present study was aimed to rationalize the scientific basis in traditional use of Eranthemum capense as an antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory agent. Methods: Agar well diffusion method is widely used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the E. capense aerial part of methanolic and ethyl acetate plant extracts. The same amount (15–20 mL) of Mueller-Hinton agar was poured on glass Petri plates of same size and allowed to solidify. E. capense aerial part of methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts was evaluated in vitro for their anti-inflammatory activities using the bovine serum albumin protein denaturation assay. Results: The result of the study shows that methanolic exract (T3) of the plant, E. capense shows 16 mm zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas fluorescens, while the ethyl acetate extract of the same plant shows 14 mm zone of inhibition against P. fluorescens and E. coli. Hence the methanolic extract of T3 sample shows the antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria, where as the ethyl acetate extract of T3 shows antibacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The experimental report revealed that, the methanolic and ethyl acetate extract of the same plant produces zero percentage zone of inhibition against Aspergillus niger and Mucor, hence it does not show any antifungal activity. Conclusion: It is observed that the EA and methanolic extract of E. capense can be used in the treatment of inflammation due to the significant percentage of inhibition of protein denaturation as well as its prove the good antimicrobial agent.

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In vivo Anti-inflammatory Activities of Marrubium vulgare L. and Marrubium deserti de Noé Species Growing in Algeria

Phytothérapie ◽

10.3166/phyto-2021-0294 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

H. Bousselsela ◽

N. Ghedadba ◽

L. Hambaba ◽

M. Hachemi ◽

S. Dassamiour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aluminium Chloride ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Traditional Use ◽

In Vivo Models ◽

Ear Edema ◽

Marrubium Vulgare ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Marrubium Deserti

Marrubium vulgare L. and Marrubium deserti de Noé have been widely used by the local population for wound healing and disinfection. The arial parts of both species were reported to relieve pain and inflammation. However, insufficient data in the literature supports the traditional use of these species. For this, the present study investigated the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of methanolic extracts prepared from Marrubium vulgare L. and Marrubium deserti leaves in order to confirm their traditional use. The total phenolic and flavonoids content were also measured by Folin– Ciocalteu’s and aluminium chloride methods, respectively. And the anti-inflammatory activity was tested using several in vivo models including: xylene ear edema test, paw edema induced by carrageenan assay and anti-pleuritic test. The results showed that methanol extracts prepared from both species contain many secondary metabolites known for their interesting biological activities. Crude extracts had high levels of polyphenols (195 ± 0.06 mg GAE/g extract; 184 ± 0.78 mg GAE/mg of extract) and flavonoids (93.12 ± 0.17 mg QE/g extract; 28.48 ± 0.40 μg QE/mg of extract) for Marrubium vulgare and Marrubium deserti, respectively. The assessment of anti-inflammatory activity showed that the oral administration of MeOHE at a dose of 200 mg/kg to rats treated with carrageenan causes a significant decrease (87.3 ± 0.25%; 86.4%) of inflammation compared with standard diclofenac (positive control) which showed 85.52 ± 0.47% of protection. In the xylene ear edema test and antipleuretic assay, MeOHE showed significant antiinflammatory activity. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the species Marrubium vulgare and Marrubium deserti have potent in vivo anti-inflammatory effects and could constitute an important source of therapeutic agents. However, further biological investigations are required in order to elucidate their mechanisms of action.

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Isolation and Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds from Rheum emodi and their Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Properties

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology ◽

10.17957/ijab/15.1777 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (06) ◽

pp. 1161-1172

Author(s):

Sang Koo Park

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Flavonoid Compound ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Mcf 7

Rheum emodi Wall. ex Meissn is a popular medicinal herb having wide application in traditional medicine for treating of several diseases. The present study was aimed to identify and isolate phytochemicals present in ethyl acetate extract fraction of R. emodi and to evaluate the anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of water/organic solvent fractions and isolated compounds of R. emodi rhizome extracts. Based on the structure, flavonoid compound i.e., Myricitrin (sym. Myricetin 3- rhamnoside), myricetin 3-galloylrhamnoside and myricetin were identified to be present in ethyl acetate extract. The molecular weight of compound 1 cannot be identified; while compound 5 remained unknown as there was not enough evidence to propose its structure. The isolated compounds and different solvent fractions were tested for their anticancer and antiinflammatory activities. Among Myricetins derivatives, particularly unknown compounds significantly induced the apoptosis and restrained the proliferation of cancer cell lines (A549 and MCF-7) and inhibited the LPS induced NO production (proinflammatory mediator), IL-6 activity, IL-1β and TNF-α (cytokines) activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dose dependent manner and was effective even at lower concentration (50 µg/mL). Similarly, the higher concentration of aqueous and solvent fractions exhibited strong cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. However, water and dichloromethane fractions were most effective in inhibiting the anticancer activities in A549 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, respectively. At lower concentration (50 and 100 µg/mL), highest inhibition activity for NO, IL-6 and IL-1β was noted with ethyl acetate fractions and n-Hexane fractions; while water and n-Butanol (fractions) strongly inhibited the TNF-α activity at lower (100 µg/mL) and high (200 µg/mL) concentration, respectively. In conclusion, the isolated compounds from R. emodi rhizome extracts and its rhizome solvent fractions exhibit strong anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities and can be used to develop chemotherapeutics and anti-inflammation drugs. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

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Antioxidant property, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of aqueous extracts of two onion bulbs varieties (Allium cepa L.)

Clinical Phytoscience ◽

10.1186/s40816-021-00284-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mang Yannick Dimitry ◽

Panyo’o Akdowa Emmanuel ◽

Djiogue Manejo Josiane Edith ◽

Abdou Bouba Armand ◽

Njintang Yanou Nicolas

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Analgesic Activity ◽

Analgesic Effect ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Control Group ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background oxidative stress and inflammation remain the main health problems often linked to degenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of onion growth in Cameroon. Methods Aqueous extracts were produced from two varieties of onion (Violet of galmi; Goudami) and were quantified for their polyphenols content. Concentrations of extracts (0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mg/mL) were also prepared, their in vitro antioxidant properties evaluated by using standard methods. Anti-inflammatory effect of onion extracts was assessed by applying carrageenan sub plantar test to Wistar rats, but acetic acid test was used to study analgesic effect. Results The polyphenols content and antioxidant activities of onion extracts changed significantly (p < 0.05) with variety and increased (p < 0.05) with concentration. Total phenolic (range 58.03–67.43%), Total Reducing power (range 0.27–0.94%), DPPH radical scavenging (range 37.33–202.08%) were higher in Violet of galmi extracts, while Ferrous ion chelating power (range 23.15–97.42%) was higher in Goudami extract. The two varieties of onion extracts reduce (p < 0.05) rat paw edema in a dose dependent manner compared with negative control group. Violet of Galmi variety (1.5 mg/kg) reaches 100% of inhibition after 2 h whereas the Goudami variety (1.5 mg/kg) reaches 100% of inhibition after 3 h. In terms of analgesic activity, aqueous extract of the two varieties of onion exhibited analgesic effect characterized by reduction in writhes. Analgesic activity increased significantly (p < 0.05) with concentration of onion but Violet of galmi extracts has also shown more efficacy than Goudami extracts. Conclusion The present findings suggest that aqueous extract of violet of galmi and Goudami bulb onions have antioxidant activity and protective effects against inflammation and pain.

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GC-analysis, and Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Anticancer Activities of Some Extracts and Fractions of Linum usitatissimum

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407216666200206095954 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. 1306-1318

Author(s):

Eman A. Morsi ◽

Hend O. Ahmed ◽

Heba Abdel-Hady ◽

Mortada El-Sayed ◽

Mohamed A. Shemis

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Anticancer Activity ◽

Cell Line ◽

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Context: Linum usitatissimum (Linn); known as Flaxseed, is one of the most important medicinal plants traditionally used for health benefits and also as nutritional purposes. Objective: Estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and evaluation of the antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer activities have been performed on hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and methanol extracts and also on fractions of methanol extract (hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol). Materials and Methods: Phenolic and flavonoid contents were detected using spectrophotometric and colorimetric assays. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were estimated in-vitro. Anticancer activity of extracts was tested on Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and breast cancer cell line (MCF7). Results: The methanolic extract and its ethyl acetate fraction showed higher contents of total phenols and flavonoids. Also, the methanolic extract showed a higher antioxidant activity. The butanolic and ethyl acetate fractions at concentration 500μg/ml yielded a higher percent of inhibition of protein denaturation; 87.9% and 90%, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction and the methanolic extract showed an obvious anticancer activity against HepG2 and MCF7 (IC50=60±0.24 and 29.4±0.12μg. ml-1) and (IC50=94.7±0.21 and 227±0.48μg. ml-1), respectively. The GC-MS analysis showed that the methanolic extract had 32 compounds whereas the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions contained 40 and 36 compounds, respectively. Conclusion: Flaxseed contains different biologically active compounds that have been found to possess various activities, which can protect the human body against several diseases.

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Ethyl Acetate Extract ofArtemisia anomalaS. Moore Displays Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effect

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/681352 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Xi Tan ◽

Yuan-Lai Wang ◽

Xiao-Lu Yang ◽

Dan-Dan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Raw264.7 Cells ◽

Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽

No Production ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Artemisia anomalaS. Moore has been widely used in China to treat inflammatory diseases for hundreds of years. However, mechanisms associated with its anti-inflammatory effect are not clear. In this study, we prepared ethyl acetate, petroleum ether,n-BuOH, and aqueous extracts from ethanol extract ofArtemisia anomalaS. Moore. Comparing anti-inflammatory effects of these extracts, we found that ethyl acetate extract of this herb (EAFA) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS/IFNγ-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. EAFA suppressed the production of NO in a time- and dose-dependent manner without eliciting cytotoxicity to RAW264.7 cells. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying EAFA’s anti-inflammatory effect, we showed that EAFA increased total cellular anti-oxidant capacity while reducing the amount of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in stimulated RAW264.7 cells. EAFA also suppressed the expression of IL-1βand IL-6, whereas it elevates the level of heme oxygenase-1. These EAFA-induced events were apparently associated with NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways because the DNA binding activity of p50/p65 was impaired and the activities of both ERK and JNK were decreased in EFEA-treated cells comparing to untreated cells. Our findings suggest that EAFA exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the expression of iNOS.

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Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of Rhododendron arboreum bark

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233714555391 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 1254-1259 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Muhammad Nisar ◽

Sajid Ali ◽

Naveed Muhammad ◽

Syed N Gillani ◽

Muhmmad R Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Maximum Effect ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Rhododendron Arboreum ◽

Antinociceptive Effects ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Promising Source

Rhododendron arboreum Smith. (Ericaceae), an evergreen small tree, is one of the 1000 species that belongs to genus Rhododendron distributed worldwide. In folk medicine, as various parts of this plant exhibit medicinal properties, it is used in the treatment of different ailments. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of methanolic extract of R. arboreum bark, followed by activity-guided fractionation of n-hexane, n-butanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction (200 mg/kg i.p.) showed the maximum analgesic effect (82%) in acetic acid-induced writhing, followed, to a less extent, by crude extract and chloroform fraction both at a dose of 200 mg/kg i.p. (65.09% and 67.89%, respectively). In carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema, the crude extract and its related fractions displayed in a dose-dependent manner (50–200 mg/kg i.p.) an anti-inflammatory activity for all time-courses (1–5 hrs). For the active extract/fractions (200 mg/kg i.p.), the maximum effect was observed 5 h after carrageenan injection. These evidences were also supported by in vitro lipoxygenase inhibitory properties. In conclusion, R. arboreum crude methanolic extract and its fractions exhibited anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. For these reasons, this plant could be a promising source of new compounds for the management of pain and inflammatory diseases.

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Evaluation of diuretic and antioxidant properties in aqueous bark and fruit extracts of pine

Current Drug Discovery Technologies ◽

10.2174/1570163817666200206105231 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hadi Shariati ◽

Mohammad Hassanpour ◽

Gholamreza Sharifzadeh ◽

Asghar Zarban ◽

Saeed Samarghandian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Pine Bark ◽

Male Rats ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Dose Dependent

Objective: The present study has been carried out to evaluate the diuretic and antioxidant properties of pine herb in an animal model. Materials and Methods: 45 adult male rats were randomly divided into nine groups including: groups I (the negative control), groups II (positive control, furosemide 10 mg/kg), groups III to VIII (treatment groups received 100, 200, 400 mg/kg of the aqueous extracts of bark and fruit) and group IX received the combination of aqueous extract of bark (100 mg/kg) and the fruit (100 mg/kg). The urine output, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), electrolytes, urea, and creatinine levels were evaluated . Furthermore, the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of both extracts were also assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Folin–Ciocalteu methods. Results: The aqueous extracts of the pine bark and fruit increased the urinary output in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of the two extracts compared to the other extracts alone significantly increased the serum potassium level. This study also showed each extract increase creatinine clearance in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01 and p<0.05). The increase of GFR in the combination group was not significant. The current data showed a significant increase in the total phenolic content in pine bark extract in compared with the fruit extract. Conclusion: The pine bark and fruit can be useful in the prevention and treatment of kidney stones due to the high antioxidant activity.

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