scholarly journals Dense ceramics with complex shape fabricated by 3D printing: A review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Chen ◽  
Xiaohong Sun ◽  
Yunpeng Shang ◽  
Kunzhou Xiong ◽  
Zhongkai Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Complex Shape ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Ceramic Density

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) printing technology is becoming a promising method for fabricating highly complex ceramics owing to the arbitrary design and the infinite combination of materials. Insufficient density is one of the main problems with 3D printed ceramics, but concentrated descriptions of making dense ceramics are scarce. This review specifically introduces the principles of the four 3D printing technologies and focuses on the parameters of each technology that affect the densification of 3D printed ceramics, such as the performance of raw materials and the interaction between energy and materials. The technical challenges and suggestions about how to achieve higher ceramic density are presented subsequently. The goal of the presented work is to comprehend the roles of critical parameters in the subsequent 3D printing process to prepare dense ceramics that can meet the practical applications.

scholarly journals 3D-Printed Biopolymers for Tissue Engineering Application

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Li ◽  
Rongrong Cui ◽  
Lianwen Sun ◽  
Katerina E. Aifantis ◽  
Yubo Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Tissue Engineering Application ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Dimensional Object

3D printing technology has recently gained substantial interest for potential applications in tissue engineering due to the ability of making a three-dimensional object of virtually any shape from a digital model. 3D-printed biopolymers, which combine the 3D printing technology and biopolymers, have shown great potential in tissue engineering applications and are receiving significant attention, which has resulted in the development of numerous research programs regarding the material systems which are available for 3D printing. This review focuses on recent advances in the development of biopolymer materials, including natural biopolymer-based materials and synthetic biopolymer-based materials prepared using 3D printing technology, and some future challenges and applications of this technology are discussed.

scholarly journals Intelligent Hydrogel Actuators With Controllable Deformations and Movements

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Zhenglei Yu ◽  
Yunhong Liang ◽  
Lei Ren ◽  
Luquan Ren
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Response Rate ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Intelligent Hydrogel

Near infrared laser- (NIR-) driven intelligent hydrogel actuator systems including printable N-isopropylacrylamide- (NIPAm-) nanosized synthetic hectorite clay-nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) hydrogels and NIPAm-4-hydroxybutyl acrylate- (4HBA-) NFC hydrogels with a high response rate were prepared via three-dimensional (3D) printing and hydrothermal synthesis, respectively. The addition of NFC was beneficial to the improvement in rheology. The 3D printed intelligent hydrogel actuators with a structure pattern of Model I and Model II exhibited the saddle and inverted saddle deformations, respectively, to prove the validity of 3D printing. In order to improve the response rate and enrich movement patterns, the hydrothermal synthesized intelligent hydrogel actuators were prepared on the base of the 3D printed intelligent hydrogel compositions. The addition of NFC maintained the controllable NIR response. Based on a wedge-shaped design, the hydrothermal synthesized intelligent hydrogel pushed the resin ball with weight of 130 mg forward 8 mm in 39 s. By changing the torque values of a hydrogel in a different direction, the actuator realized controllable continuous rollover movement. Attributed to the longilineal shape, the intelligent hydrogel actuator reached an effective displacement of 20 mm in 10 s via a forward movement. The characteristics and structure design of a hydrogel material significantly realized multiple controllable functional four-dimensional (4D) printed deformations and movements. The combination of advantages of the 3D printed and hydrothermal synthesized intelligent hydrogels provided a new direction of development and abundant material candidates for the practical applications of 4D printing in soft robot, information sensing, and health engineering.

From Patient to Procedure: The Process of Creating a Custom 3D-Printed Medical Device for Foot and Ankle Pathology

2020 ◽  
pp. 193864002097141
Author(s):  
Rishin J. Kadakia ◽  
Colleen M. Wixted ◽  
Cambre N. Kelly ◽  
Andrew E. Hanselman ◽  
Samuel B. Adams
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Physician Education ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
3D Anatomy

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has advanced greatly over the past decade and is being used extensively throughout the field of medicine. Several orthopaedic surgery specialties have demonstrated that 3D printing technology can improve patient care and physician education. Foot and ankle pathology can be complex as the 3D anatomy can be challenging to appreciate. Deformity can occur in several planes simultaneously and bone defects either from previous surgery or trauma can further complicate surgical correction. Three-dimensional printing technology provides an avenue to tackle the challenges associated with complex foot and ankle pathology. A basic understanding of how these implants are designed and made is important for surgeons as this technology is becoming more widespread and the clinical applications continue to grow within foot and ankle surgery. Levels of Evidence: Level V

Novel exploration of 3D printed wrist arthroplasty to solve the severe and complicated bone defect of wrist

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Han ◽  
Yanguo Qin ◽  
Yun Zou ◽  
Chenyu Wang ◽  
Haotian Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
And Function ◽  
Wrist Arthroplasty

Purpose Although proximal row carpectomy, wrist arthrodesis and even total wrist arthroplasty were developed to treat wrist disease using bone and cartilage of the wrist, severe and complicated bone defects caused by ferocious trauma and bone tumors remain a stubborn problem for surgeons. Development and application of the three-dimensional (3D) printing technology may provide possible solutions. Design/methodology/approach Computed tomography (CT) data of three cases with severe bone defects caused by either trauma or bone tumor were collected and converted into three-dimensional models. Prostheses were designed individually according to the residual anatomical structure of the wrist based on the models. Both the models and prostheses were produced using 3D printing technology. A preoperative design was prepared according to the models and prostheses. Then arthroplasty was performed after preoperative simulation with printed models and prostheses. Findings The diameter of the stem and radial medullary cavity, the direction and location of the prosthesis, and other components were checked during the preoperative design and simulation process phases. The three cases with 3D printed wrist all regained reconstruction of normal anatomy and part of the function after surgery. The average increasing Cooney score rate of Cases 2 and 3 was 133.34 ± 23.57 per cent, and that of Case 1 reached 85 per cent. The average declining rate of the Gartland and Werley Score in Cases 2 and 3 was 65.21 ± 18.89 per cent, and that of Case 1 dropped to 5 per cent in the last follow-up. The scores indicated that patients experienced pain relief and function regain. In addition, the degree of patient satisfaction improved. Originality/value 3D printed wrist arthroplasty may provide an effective method for severe and complicated cases without sacrificing other bones. Personal customization can offer better anatomy and function than arthrodesis or other traditional surgical techniques.

scholarly journals FABRICATION CYCLES COMPARISON OF ASSEMBLIES AND MONOLITHIC PARTS MADE BY 3D PRINTING METHOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
Kinga Skrzek ◽  
◽  
Mariusz Piotr Hetmanczyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Printing Method ◽  
Made In

The article presents an analysis of the time-consuming, energy-consuming, and cost-consuming nature of 3D printing a three-dimensional polymer components made in two separate approaches: assembly and monolith structure of various materials (automatic filament change required). The introduction includes the definition of 3D printing, its advantages and examples of practical applications, as well as the reason for undertaking the researches described in the article. The justification of the form of 3D sample models was discussed in detail, as well as the methodology adopted by the authors for comparing the print characteristics and the steps of the printing cycles (print preparation, the course of the printing process and post-processing). A comparison of the materials consumption in the phasess of manual and automatic filament change in the mixer were also described. The test printout was made on the Prusa i3 MK3S printer for filament deposition (FDM or FFF methods). For automatic filament mixing, the Palette 2 Pro device was used. The conclusions also include guidelines for the design and production of models made in one continuous printing cycle (using automatic filament feeding devices). Monolithic elements are less accurate, while elements with replaceable filaments are cheaper, less energy-consuming and the material consumption is lower.

3D printing: a useful tool for the fabrication of artificial electromagnetic (EM) medium

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Tian ◽  
Ming Yin ◽  
Dichen Li
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Manufacturing Strategy ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Loss Characteristic

Purpose Artificial electromagnetic (EM) medium and devices are designed with integrated micro- and macro-structures depending on the EM transmittance performance, which is difficult to fabricate by the conventional processes. Three-dimensional (3D) printing provides a new solution for the delicate artificial EM medium. This paper aims to first review the applications of 3D printing in the fabrication of EM medium briefly, mainly focusing on photonic crystals, metamaterials and gradient index (GRIN) devices. Then, a new design and fabrication strategy is proposed for the EM medium based on the 3D printing process, which was verified by the implementation of a 3D 90o Eaton lens based on GRIN metamaterials. Design/methodology/approach A new design and manufacturing strategy driven by the physical (EM transmittance) performance is proposed to illustrate the realization procedures of EM medium based device with controllable micro- and macro-structures. Stereolithography-based 3D printing process is used to obtain the designed EM device, an GRIN Eaton lens. The EM transmittance of the Eaton lens was validated experimentally and by simulation. Findings A 3D 90o Eaton lens was realized based on GRIN metamaterials structure according to the proposed design and manufacturing strategy, which had the broadband (12-18 GHz) and low loss characteristic. The feasibility of 3D printing for the artificial EM medium and GRIN devices has been verified for the further real applications in the industries. Originality/value The applications of 3D printing in artificial EM medium and devices were systematically reviewed. A new design strategy driven by physical performance for the EM device was proposed and validated by the firstly 3D printed 3D Eaton lens.

Development of fabrics by digital light processing three-dimensional printing technology and using a polyurethane acrylate photopolymer

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 847-856
Author(s):  
Seul Gi Kim ◽  
Ji Eun Song ◽  
Hye Rim Kim
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Polyurethane Acrylate ◽  
3D Printed

This study aimed to produce fabrics by the digital light processing (DLP) three-dimensional (3D) printing technology and using a polyurethane acrylate photopolymer as the printing material. The effect of the acrylate oligomer concentration on printing was evaluated. The DLP 3D printing conditions, such as the curing time and layer thickness, were controlled considering the physical properties, such as the tensile strength, elongation, and crease recovery of the 3D printed material. The optimal printing conditions were as follows: concentration of acrylate oligomer in the photopolymer: 10% (v/v); curing time per layer: 14 s; and layer thickness: 100 µm. These results are expected to guide further studies on the development of fabrics using DLP 3D printing technology.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tensile Properties and Damage of Continuous Fibre Reinforced 3D-Printed Parts

2018 ◽  
Vol 774 ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavio Andrés González-Estrada ◽  
Alberto Pertuz ◽  
Jabid E. Quiroga Mendez
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has been traditionally used for the production of prototypes. Recently, developments in 3D printing using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and reinforcement with continuous fibres (fiberglass and carbon fibre), have allowed the manufacture of functional prototypes, considerably improving the mechanical performance of the composite parts. In this work, we characterise the elastic tensile properties of fibre reinforced specimens, considering the variation of several parameters available during the printing process: fibre orientation, volume fraction, fill pattern, reinforcement distribution. Tensile tests were performed according to ASTM D638 to obtain Young’s modulus and ultimate strength for different material configurations available during the printing process. We also perform a fractographic analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to give an insight of the failure mechanisms present in the specimens.

scholarly journals Üç Boyutlu (3D) Yazıcı Teknolojisi ile Gıda Üretimine Genel Bakış

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Celalettin Değerli ◽  
Sedef Nehir El
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Food Printing

Three dimensional (3D) printing technology, have been quite popular in recent years. It came out first in the area of material production, but now, it has been applied on the other possible fields like food production. In this review, historical period of 3D printing, 3D printer types and working principles, studies on 3D food printing until today and the raw materials used in this studies were investigated. Studies on food printing was also categorised according to food types. Also, the impacts of 3D printing technology on food sector from the point of producer and consumer and future needs were discussed.

scholarly journals Mitigating Scattering Effects in Light-Based Three-Dimensional Printing Using Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangting You ◽  
Jiaao Guan ◽  
Jeffrey Alido ◽  
Henry H. Hwang ◽  
Ronald Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Scattering Effects ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Dimensional Printing

Abstract When using light-based three-dimensional (3D) printing methods to fabricate functional micro-devices, unwanted light scattering during the printing process is a significant challenge to achieve high-resolution fabrication. We report the use of a deep neural network (NN)-based machine learning (ML) technique to mitigate the scattering effect, where our NN was employed to study the highly sophisticated relationship between the input digital masks and their corresponding output 3D printed structures. Furthermore, the NN was used to model an inverse 3D printing process, where it took desired printed structures as inputs and subsequently generated grayscale digital masks that optimized the light exposure dose according to the desired structures’ local features. Verification results showed that using NN-generated digital masks yielded significant improvements in printing fidelity when compared with using masks identical to the desired structures.

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