Is the Acute: Chronic Workload Ratio (ACWR) Associated with Risk of Time-Loss Injury in Professional Team Sports? A Systematic Review of Methodology, Variables and Injury Risk in Practical Situations

Background: Hand and wrist injuries are a common but underestimated issue in taekwondo. Detailed data on injury risk, patterns, and mechanism are missing. Purpose: To evaluate (1) the fight time exposure-adjusted injury incidence rate (IIR) and clinical incidence and (2) injury site, type, sport-specific mechanism, and time loss in taekwondo. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Athletes from a single national Olympic taekwondo training center were investigated prospectively for hand and wrist injuries during training and competition over 5 years. The Orchard Sports Injury Classification System Version 10 was used to classify injury type, and analysis of the anatomic injury site was performed. The mechanism of injury was classified as due to either striking or blocking techniques. Results: From a total of 107 athletes, 79 athletes (73.8%) with a total exposure time of 8495 hours were included in the final data set. During the study period, 75 injuries of the hand and wrist region were recorded despite the athletes using protective hand gear. The IIR was 13.9 (95% CI, 10.5-17.5) and was significantly higher during competition. The clinical incidence as an indicator for risk of injury was 60.7% (95% CI, 50.9-70.5). Finger rays were the most affected location (68%), and fractures (43%) and joint ligament injuries (35%) were the most common type of injury. Significantly more injuries were found on the dominant hand side ( P < .001). Comparison of injury mechanisms demonstrated significantly more injuries at the finger rays deriving from blocking techniques ( P = .0104). The mean time loss for all hand and wrist injuries was 15.7 ± 13.5 days (range, 3-45 days) and was highest for distal radial fractures, with a mean of 39.7 ± 4.8 days (range, 32-45 days). Conclusion: There was a significantly higher IIR for acute hand and wrist injuries in elite taekwondo athletes during competition, which resulted in considerable time loss, especially when fractures or dislocations occurred. Significantly more injuries to the finger rays were found during blocking despite the use of protective hand gear. Improvement of tactical skills and blocking techniques during training and improved protective gear appear to be essential for injury prevention.

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Supporting active ageing before retirement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of workplace physical activity interventions targeting older employees

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045818 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e045818

Author(s):

Dafna Merom ◽

Fiona Stanaway ◽

Klaus Gebel ◽

Joanna Sweeting ◽

Anne Tiedemann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Active Ageing ◽

Older Employees ◽

Health And Fitness

ObjectiveWith the growing representation of older adults in the workforce, the health and fitness of older employees are critical to support active ageing policies. This systematic review aimed to characterise and evaluate the effects on physical activity (PA) and fitness outcomes of workplace PA interventions targeting older employees.DesignWe searched Medline, PreMedline, PsycInfo, CINAHL and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) for articles published from inception to 17 February 2020. Eligible studies were of any experimental design, included employees aged ≥50 years, had PA as an intervention component and reported PA-related outcomes.ResultsTitles and abstracts of 8168 records were screened, and 18 unique interventions were included (3309 participants). Twelve studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Seven interventions targeted multiple risk factors (n=1640), involving screening for cardiovascular disease risk factors, but had a non-specific description of the PA intervention. Four interventions targeted nutrition and PA (n=1127), and seven (n=235) focused only on PA. Interventions overwhelmingly targeted aerobic PA, compared with only four interventions targeting strength and/or balance (n=106). No studies involved screening for falls/injury risk, and only two interventions targeted employees of low socioeconomic status. Computation of effect sizes (ESs) was only possible in a maximum of three RCTs per outcome. ESs were medium for PA behaviour (ES=0.25 95% CI −0.07 to 0.56), muscle strength (ES=0.27, 95% CI −0.26 to 0.80), cardiorespiratory fitness (ES=0.28, 95% CI −22 to 0.78), flexibility (ES=0.50, 95% CI −0.04 to 1.05) and balance (ES=0.74, 95% CI −0.21 to 1.69). Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria-rated quality of evidence was ‘low’ due to high risk of bias, imprecision and inconsistency.ConclusionsThe lack of high-quality effective workplace PA interventions contrasts the importance and urgency to improve the health and fitness in this population. Future interventions should incorporate strength and balance training and screening of falls/injury risk in multi risk factors approaches.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018084863. (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=84863).

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BIDDING TILL BANKRUPT DESTRUCTIVE COMPETITION IN PROFESSIONAL TEAM SPORTS

Economic Inquiry ◽

10.1111/j.1465-7295.1993.tb00869.x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 100-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

JAMES D. WHITNEY

Keyword(s):

Team Sports ◽

Professional Team Sports

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Concussion in Professional Team Sports: Time for a Harmonised Approach?

10.1007/978-981-15-1979-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra Veuthey

Keyword(s):

Team Sports ◽

Professional Team Sports

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Professional Team Sports Organizations’ Corporate Social Responsibility Activities: Corporate Image and Chosen Communication Outlets’ Influence on Consumers’ Reactions

International Journal of Sport Communication ◽

10.1123/ijsc.2020-0298 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Cindy Lee ◽

Hyejin Bang ◽

David J. Shonk

Keyword(s):

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Team Sports ◽

The United States ◽

Corporate Image ◽

Sports Organizations ◽

Professional Team Sports ◽

Main Effect ◽

Sport Teams ◽

Corporate Social

As professional sport teams’ involvement with corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities are prevalent and expected by the public, there has been more attention on the factors that can influence consumers’ reactions to CSR activities. This study investigated the influence of two factors—corporate image and organization choice of communication vehicle—on individuals’ responses, perceived motive, and change of attitude to a professional team sports organization’s CSR activities. A total of 225 usable surveys were collected from a university located in the southern region of the United States for data analyses. The study showed that corporate image had a main effect on perceived motives, Munfavorable = 5.07, Mfavorable = 5.60, F(1, 216) = 6.38, p < .05, , and attitudes, Munfavorable = 4.64, Mfavorable = 5.49; F(1, 216) = 18.34, p < .05, , toward the team due to CSR activities, while there was no main effect for the professional team sports organization’s chosen communication vehicle, F(2, 217) = 1.09, p > .05, for their CSR activities. The importance of building good corporate image and communicating CSR activities to the fan base are also discussed.

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Trail running injury risk factors: a living systematic review

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2021-104858 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. bjsports-2021-104858

Author(s):

Carel Viljoen ◽

Dina C (Christa) Janse van Rensburg ◽

Willem van Mechelen ◽

Evert Verhagen ◽

Bruno Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Previous History ◽

Future Research ◽

Injury Incidence ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Injury Risk Factors ◽

Trail Running

ObjectiveTo review and frequently update the available evidence on injury risk factors and epidemiology of injury in trail running.DesignLiving systematic review. Updated searches will be done every 6 months for a minimum period of 5 years.Data sourcesEight electronic databases were searched from inception to 18 March 2021.Eligibility criteriaStudies that investigated injury risk factors and/or reported the epidemiology of injury in trail running.ResultsNineteen eligible studies were included, of which 10 studies investigated injury risk factors among 2 785 participants. Significant intrinsic factors associated with injury are: more running experience, level A runner and higher total propensity to sports accident questionnaire (PAD-22) score. Previous history of cramping and postrace biomarkers of muscle damage is associated with cramping. Younger age and low skin phototypes are associated with sunburn. Significant extrinsic factors associated with injury are neglecting warm-up, no specialised running plan, training on asphalt, double training sessions per day and physical labour occupations. A slower race finishing time is associated with cramping, while more than 3 hours of training per day, shade as the primary mode of sun protection and being single are associated with sunburn. An injury incidence range 0.7–61.2 injuries/1000 hours of running and prevalence range 1.3% to 90% were reported. The lower limb was the most reported region of injury, specifically involving blisters of the foot/toe.ConclusionLimited studies investigated injury risk factors in trail running. Our review found eight intrinsic and nine extrinsic injury risk factors. This review highlighted areas for future research that may aid in designing injury risk management strategies for safer trail running participation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021240832.

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The value of having a first-tier football club in the municipality (even) when tangible benefits are absent

Sport Business and Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/sbm-08-2018-0055 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 222-238

Author(s):

Christian Gjersing Nielsen ◽

Line Bjørnskov Pedersen ◽

Rasmus K. Storm

Keyword(s):

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Team Sports ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Content Type ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Football Club ◽

Sports Clubs ◽

Public Subsidy ◽

Professional Team Sports

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine citizens’ willingness to pay (WTP), in relation to having a professional first-tier football club in a medium-sized Danish municipality, when tangible economic benefits such as economic growth and/or inbound migration produced by these are absent. Design/methodology/approach Using the contingent valuation method on survey respondents, the study examines factors affecting WTP using binary logistic regression and interval regression and further extrapolates the WTP from the sample to the municipal population. Findings Citizens significantly value having a first-tier football club in their municipality even when tangible benefits are absent, although a large proportion of respondents stated to be against the municipality being financially involved in professional team sports clubs (PTSC). WTP is largely driven by interest in sports and the local football club. It is argued that the findings cannot be generalized across contexts. Research limitations/implications There can be circumstances where public subsidy of PTSCs is beneficial to economic welfare. However, authorities should be careful in their evaluation of whether to subsidize PTSCs. Originality/value The study expands on existing research by informing respondents about the lack of tangible benefits produced by PTSCs, hereby focusing on WTP on an informed basis.

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