scholarly journals Molecular diversity of Scutellonema bradys populations from Benin, based on ITS1 rDNA and COI mtDNA

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-332
Author(s):  
Sètondji Alban Paterne Etchiha Afoha ◽  
Antoine Affokpon ◽  
Lieven Waeyenberge ◽  
Nancy de Sutter ◽  
Clément Agbangla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Its1 Rdna ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract In Benin, yam production continues to face numerous production constraints, including yield and quality reduction by Scutellonema bradys. Implementation of efficient management techniques against this pest requires an improved understanding, including at the molecular level, of the pest. The current study aimed at identifying the Scutellonema spp. associated with yam in Benin and investigating the phylogenetic relationships between populations. Nematodes of the genus Scutellonema were obtained from tubers exhibiting external dry rot symptoms. DNA was extracted from nematodes belonging to 138 populations collected from 49 fields from 29 villages. For 51 of these populations, both the ITS1 and COI regions could be amplified via PCR, sequenced, compared with available sequences in the NCBI database and were identified as S. bradys. Maximum likelihood was used to construct 60% consensus phylogenetic trees based on 51 sequences. This phylogenetic analysis did not reveal any genetic separation between populations by cultivar, village, cropping system nor by agroecological zone. Neither could any subgroups within S. bradys be separated, indicating that no subspecies were present. An earlier published species-specific primer set was verified with the DNA of the 51 sequences and was considered a reliable and rapid method for S. bradys identification.

scholarly journals Interplay between Abscisic Acid and Gibberellins, as Related to Ethylene and Sugars, in Regulating Maturation of Non-Climacteric Fruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Fernando Alferez ◽  
Deived Uilian de Carvalho ◽  
Daniel Boakye
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Sugar Signaling ◽  
Citrus Species ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Management Techniques

In this review, we address the interaction between abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) in regulating non-climacteric fruit development and maturation at the molecular level. We review the interplay of both plant growth regulators in regulating these processes in several fruit of economic importance such as grape berries, strawberry, and citrus, and show how understanding this interaction has resulted in useful agronomic management techniques. We then relate the interplay of both hormones with ethylene and other endogenous factors, such as sugar signaling. We finally review the growing knowledge related to abscisic acid, gibberellins, and the genus Citrus. We illustrate why this woody genus can be considered as an emerging model plant for understanding hormonal circuits in regulating different processes, as most of the finest work on this matter in recent years has been performed by using different Citrus species.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Quality of Two Species of Baby Leaves Sprayed with Moringa Leaf Extract as Biostimulant

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1399
Author(s):  
Stefania Toscano ◽  
Antonio Ferrante ◽  
Ferdinando Branca ◽  
Daniela Romano
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Natural biostimulants obtained by plants are intensively used nowadays to improve crop yield and quality. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of leaf extract of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) (MLE) in modifying baby leaf characteristics of two genotypes of Brassica. The trial was started in October 2020 in a greenhouse; a cultivar of kale ‘Cavolo Laciniato Nero di Toscana’ (CL) and a Sicilian landrace of sprouting broccoli ‘Broccoli Nero’ (BN) were used. The plants, after 15, 30 and 40 days from sowing, were treated with MLE, while the control plants (C) with distilled water. Treatment with MLE modified morphological and nutritional value, but with different behavior in the two genotypes. In fact, in BN the treatment reduced the antioxidant activity (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) by 54%, while in CL the treatment increased this parameter by 40%. For the phenolic concentration and the sugar content the values recorded were significantly increased by MLE compared to control plants in CL, where in BN a significant reduction was registered. The CL plants treated with MLE showed a significant reduction (−70%) in nitrate content compared to the control plants; a negative effect was, instead, observed in BN, where the plants treated with moringa showed an increase of 60%. Results of this study showed how the foliar application of MLE was effective in improving various nutraceutical parameters, in particular in kale, because it appears to be a species-specific response.

scholarly journals Is cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) the right DNA barcoding marker for the Chaetopteryx villosa group?

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Destanović ◽  
Lejla Ušanović ◽  
Lejla Lasić ◽  
Jasna Hanjalić ◽  
Belma Kalamujić Stroil
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Pairwise Distance ◽  
Zoological Museum ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Right

Chaetopteryx villosa (Fabricius, 1798) is a caddisfly species distributed throughout Europe, except in the Balkan and Apennine Peninsula. However, phylogenetically close species belonging to the C. villosa group are widespread throughout entire Europe. Species of this group (C. villosa, C. gessneri, C. fusca, C. sahlbergi, C. atlantica, C. bosniaca, C. vulture, and C. trinacriae) have distinct distributions with some overlaps. Adult forms of these species are morphologically similar, whereas larval morphology is only known for some species. There are also indications of species hybridization (e.g., C. villosa x fusca). Presumably, the molecular approach for the species determination of this group would be highly beneficial. In the BOLD database, there are 154 specimens with COI-5P barcodes of C. villosa species. Out of the remaining species, C. sahlbergi has 27 specimens with a barcode, C. fusca 20, C. gessneri 5, C. bosniaca 5, and C. atlantica 1, whereas sequences from the species C. vulture and C. trinacriae are missing. Therefore, we tested the power of discrimination of the COI-5P marker in the C. villosa group, as the most common barcoding markers for species identification in animals. Only sequences from public records originating from experienced research groups or taxonomists and containing a specimen photograph were taken as input. A total of 75 sequences from the BOLD database were obtained. Out of these sequences, 11 belonged to C. fusca, 5 to C. gessneri, 52 to C. villosa, 5 to C. bosniaca, and 2 to C. sahlbergi. For the generation of overview trees, COI-5P barcodes of Rhyacophila fasciata and Rh. nubila were used as outgroups. All sequences were trimmed at 5’ and 3’ ends, resulting in a final alignment length of 516 base pairs. Multiple sequence alignments and editing were done in the MEGA-X software. Analysis of nucleotide polymorphism was done in DNASP6 software. MEGA-X was used to calculate the pairwise distance and overall mean p-distance, and to construct the overview trees. Analysis of DNA polymorphism revealed 14 haplotypes of C. villosa, 3 haplotypes of C. fusca, 2 haplotypes of C. gessneri, and one for species C. bosniaca and C. sahlbergi. There were no significant interspecific and intraspecific differences among haplotypes based on pairwise distances. The p-distance between one of the haplotypes of C. fusca and C. villosa was 0.000, whereas the p-distance among haplotypes of C. villosa varied from 0.001 to about 0.055. The mean overall p-distance among haplotypes of all species equaled 0.03. No species-specific clusters were observed when phylogenetic trees were constructed except for C. gessneri, regardless of the method used (i.e., NJ, UPGMA, ML, ME, or MP). To minimize the possibility of species misidentification, we used only records submitted by NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Norway), SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung Muenchen (Germany), Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (Germany), University of Oulu, Zoological Museum (Finland), prof Hans Malicky and prof Mladen Kučinić. No records identified as hybrids were included in the analyses. With the exception of C. gessneri, COI-5P marker failed to separate the species of the C. villosa group. However, it is highly unlikely that poor species determination was the basis for such a result. To enable the comprehensive and unbiased evaluation of the relationships within this group, data coverage in BOLD database for most of the studied species should be enhanced, encompassing different geographical distribution of samples. Further studies are needed to detect the array of molecular markers suitable for the species delineation in a complex group such as C. villosa.

scholarly journals Species-Specific Marker Discovery in Tilapia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mochamad Syaifudin ◽  
Michaël Bekaert ◽  
John B. Taggart ◽  
Kerry L. Bartie ◽  
Stefanie Wehner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Marker Discovery

Abstract Tilapias (family Cichlidae) are of importance in aquaculture and fisheries. Hybridisation and introgression are common within tilapia genera but are difficult to analyse due to limited numbers of species-specific genetic markers. We tested the potential of double digested restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing for discovering single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to distinguish between 10 tilapia species. Analysis of ddRAD data revealed 1,371 shared SNPs in the de novo-based analysis and 1,204 SNPs in the reference-based analysis. Phylogenetic trees based on these two analyses were very similar. A total of 57 species-specific SNP markers were found among the samples analysed of the 10 tilapia species. Another set of 62 species-specific SNP markers was identified from a subset of four species which have often been involved in hybridisation in aquaculture: 13 for Oreochromis niloticus, 23 for O. aureus, 12 for O. mossambicus and 14 for O. u. hornorum. A panel of 24 SNPs was selected to distinguish among these four species and validated using 91 individuals. Larger numbers of SNP markers were found that could distinguish between the pairs of species within this subset. This technique offers potential for the investigation of hybridisation and introgression among tilapia species in aquaculture and in wild populations.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Dactylonectria torresensis Causing Root Rot on Astragalus membranaceus in northeastern China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ming Guan ◽  
Shu Na Zhang ◽  
Ying Ying Ma ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Ya Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Astragalus Membranaceus ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Dactylonectria Torresensis

Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (Fabaceae) is a perennial medicinal herb widely cultivated in China. In June 2018, root rot was observed on two-year-old A. membranaceus plants in Chaoyangshan town (northeastern China). In a 40-ha field, over 40% of the plants exhibited root rot and the infected area ranged from 10 to 70% of the roots. The roots first exhibited circular or irregular brown, sunken and necrotic lesions, and finally multiple lesions coalesced. The infected root surface was destroyed, showing rusty and dry rot (Fig. 1). Symptoms were concentrated in the main roots (Carlucci et al. 2017). The aboveground parts of infected plants did not initially show symptoms but gradually wilted; 7.6% of the plants died when root decay became severe. Infected roots were not used for processing and were not marketable. Ten infected roots were collected from May to October 2018 from the above location. The diseased root tissue was cut into 25 mm3 pieces, immersed in 1% NaOCl for 2 minutes, rinsed three times with sterile water and placed on water agar in Petri plates. After 15 days of incubation at 20°C, 11 single-spore isolates were obtained. Isolates HQ1 and HQ2 were randomly selected for morphological and molecular identification. Colonies grown for 10 days produced yellow, cottony to felty aerial mycelium on potato dextrose agar. Conidiophores originating laterally or terminally from the mycelium were solitary to loosely aggregated and unbranched or sparsely branched. Macroconidia predominated and were cylindrical, with a tendency to gradually widen towards the tip; 1- to 3-septate; and 20.2 to 31.0 × 3.0 to 6.7 µm (n=100). Microconidia had mostly 0¬- to 1-septate and 8.6 to 16.7 × 1.9 to 5.1 µm (n=100) (Fig. 1). Chlamydospores were rare, but occasional chlamydospore chains were observed. The isolates were tentatively identified as Dactylonectria torresensis (Cabral et al. 2012a). Further confirmation of the two isolates was conducted by DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS, GenBank accession no. MN558983 and MN558984), β-tubulin (TUB, MN561692 and MN561693), histone 3 (HIS3, MN561694 and MN561695), and translation elongation factor (TEF, MN561696 and MN561697) genes (Cabral et al. 2012b). These sequences had 99 to 100% match with D. torresensis (JF735362 for ITS, JF735492 for TUB, JF735681 for HIS3 and JF735870 for TEF). Phylogenetic trees based on analyses of a concatenated alignment of all loci grouped these isolates into the D. torresensis clade (Fig. 2). The same two isolates were tested for pathogenicity. Healthy two-year-old plants were taken from the field, and their roots were disinfected with 75% alcohol for 3 minutes, rinsed with sterile water three times, immersed in a 1×105/ml spore suspension or sterile water (control) for 10 minutes, transferred to a tray filled with sterile sand and placed in a greenhouse (12 h photoperiod, 25°C). Twelve plants grown in three pots were used for each isolate, and the same number of plants were inoculated as a control. This experiment was repeated three times. After one month, inoculated plant roots showed the same symptoms as those observed in the field, while the controls remained symptomless and no pathogen was recovered. The same fungus was reisolated from all the infected plants and confirmed by sequencing all of the above genes. This is the first report of D. torresensis causing root rot in A. membranaceus in China. The occurrence of this disease poses a threat, and management strategies need to be developed.

scholarly journals Advances in Agronomic Management of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea(L.) Czernj. Cosson): An Overview

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapila Shekhawat ◽  
S. S. Rathore ◽  
O. P. Premi ◽  
B. K. Kandpal ◽  
J. S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Crop Geometry

India is the fourth largest oilseed economy in the world. Among the seven edible oilseeds cultivated in India, rapeseed-mustard contributes 28.6% in the total oilseeds production and ranks second after groundnut sharing 27.8% in the India’s oilseed economy. The mustard growing areas in India are experiencing the vast diversity in the agro climatic conditions and different species of rapeseed-mustard are grown in some or other part of the country. Under marginal resource situation, cultivation of rapeseed-mustard becomes less remunerative to the farmers. This results in a big gap between requirement and production of mustard in India. Therefore site-specific nutrient management through soil-test recommendation based should be adopted to improve upon the existing yield levels obtained at farmers field. Effective management of natural resources, integrated approach to plant-water, nutrient and pest management and extension of rapeseed-mustard cultivation to newer areas under different cropping systems will play a key role in further increasing and stabilizing the productivity and production of rapeseed-mustard. The paper reviews the advances in proper land and seedbed preparation, optimum seed and sowing, planting technique, crop geometry, plant canopy, appropriate cropping system, integrated nutrient management and so forth to meet the ever growing demand of oil in the country and to realize the goal of production of 24 million tonnes of oilseed by 2020 AD through these advanced management techniques.

scholarly journals Assessment of classification ability for rbcL and trnL barcode in some Stemonaceae samplescollected from northern Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Thi Thu Hue Huynh ◽  
◽  
Quang Ha Dao ◽  
Hong Diep Le ◽  
Dang Ton Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Distance Analysis ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Stemona Tuberosa ◽  
Reference Sequences

Stemona tuberosa Lour. a precious medicinal plant that belongs to the Stemonaceae family, has high applicability to human life. Extracts from leaves or roots of this herb contain many bioactive compounds with great value for both medical application and economy. However, there is not enough data related to evaluation and classification for Stemona species in Vietnam. Therefore, in this study, the authors used the DNA barcoding method to evaluate at the molecular level for four samples of Stemona tuberosa Lour. in northern Vietnam compared with other reference sequences from other species in the Stemonaceae family from GenBank based on two chloroplast barcodes rbcL and trnL. The primary results of genetics distance analysis and phylogenetic trees showed the close relationship between the four studied samples with Stemona tuberosa Lour. (sequenced from GenBank). The trnL with 1100 bp in length also proves the better classification ability of Stemona than the rbcLregion with 600 bp in length. These outcomes would be the first promising step for further studies about Stemona and other herbs, thus contributing to both scientific research and practical applicability demands as classification and conservation.

scholarly journals Cultivation and Utilization of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.), a Neglected Plant in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Nono Carine Temegne ◽  
Jules Patrice Ngoh Dooh ◽  
Pierre Nbendah ◽  
Godswill Ntsomboh-Ntsefong ◽  
Victor Desiré Taffouo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
North West ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Production Areas

In order to improve the production and commercialization of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L) Verdc.) in Cameroon, an inventory on the use of available resources and peasant agronomic practices is a necessary prerequisite. Their understanding can help to establish efficient strategies to enhance this neglected crop. The objective of this work was therefore to identify the uses and the peasant knowledge on the Bambara groundnut in Cameroon. To this effect, a survey on the use of Bambara groundnut was carried out through interviews and direct discussions with farmers in the main production areas (Far North, Adamawa, Littoral (Coastal), Centre, North-West and West) of Cameroon. The survey revealed that in Cameroon, Bambara groundnut is mainly grown by women (74%). Monoculture (60%) is the most widely used cropping system; 40% of farmers associate it with other crops such as groundnuts, maize, sesame, okra, millet, sorghum, beans, egusi or pumpkin, and tubers. It is produced mainly on small land areas by the elderly. It is mainly cultivated by the poor peasants and without soil amendments. Several landraces are cultivated, the preferred varieties varying according to the production basins. Seed storage is mainly done with chemicals in closed containers. Weeds, lack of improved varieties, low yields, diseases and pests (insects, rodents) are the main production constraints identified. Results of this study could be exploited for the improvement and vulgarization of Bambara groundnut in Cameroon.

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