scholarly journals Advances in Agronomic Management of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea(L.) Czernj. Cosson): An Overview

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapila Shekhawat ◽  
S. S. Rathore ◽  
O. P. Premi ◽  
B. K. Kandpal ◽  
J. S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Crop Geometry

India is the fourth largest oilseed economy in the world. Among the seven edible oilseeds cultivated in India, rapeseed-mustard contributes 28.6% in the total oilseeds production and ranks second after groundnut sharing 27.8% in the India’s oilseed economy. The mustard growing areas in India are experiencing the vast diversity in the agro climatic conditions and different species of rapeseed-mustard are grown in some or other part of the country. Under marginal resource situation, cultivation of rapeseed-mustard becomes less remunerative to the farmers. This results in a big gap between requirement and production of mustard in India. Therefore site-specific nutrient management through soil-test recommendation based should be adopted to improve upon the existing yield levels obtained at farmers field. Effective management of natural resources, integrated approach to plant-water, nutrient and pest management and extension of rapeseed-mustard cultivation to newer areas under different cropping systems will play a key role in further increasing and stabilizing the productivity and production of rapeseed-mustard. The paper reviews the advances in proper land and seedbed preparation, optimum seed and sowing, planting technique, crop geometry, plant canopy, appropriate cropping system, integrated nutrient management and so forth to meet the ever growing demand of oil in the country and to realize the goal of production of 24 million tonnes of oilseed by 2020 AD through these advanced management techniques.

Productivity and profitability of maize (Zea mays) as influenced by intercropping of rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris) and nutrient management techniquesunder sub-alpine conditions of Jammu, India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manpreet Kour ◽  
N. P. Thakur ◽  
Purshotam Kumar ◽  
A. S. Charak
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Equivalent Yield

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2011 and 2012 at Sartangal to study the effect of intercropping and nutrient management on productivity and profitability of cultivating maize under sub-alpine conditions of Jammu. The inter-cropping systems were sole maize, sole rajmash, maize + rajmash in a 1:1 row (1 rows of maize alternating with 1 row of rajmash) and maize + rajmash in 2:1 row (2 rows of maize alternating with 1 row of rajmash). The nutrient management treatments were, T1 =control (no fertility), T2 = 100% NPK (RDF, recommended dose of fertilizers), T3 = 75% RDF + 25% N through farmyard manure (FYM) and T4=50% RDF + 50% N (FYM). Among cropping system maize + rajmash (1:1) produced highest maize grain equivalent yield (MEY, 7772 kg ha-1), net returns (INR 52190 ha-1), B:C ratio (1.81), land equivalent ratio (LER, 1.40) and area time equivalent ratio (ATER, 1.38). Whereas among nutrient management techniques, 75% RDF + 25% N (FYM) produced highest MEY (7681 kg ha-1), net returns (INR 52585 ha-1) and B:C ratio of 1.88 with highest LER (1.36) and ATER (1.33).

scholarly journals Maximizing Yields, Nutrient Uptake and Balance for Mustard-Mungbean-T. Aman Rice Cropping Systems through Nutrient Management Practices in Calcareous Soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Quddus ◽  
M. J. Abedin Mian ◽  
H. M. Naser ◽  
M. A. Hossain ◽  
S. Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Positive Balance

The experiment was conducted to measure crop yields, nutrient concentration, nutrient uptake and balance by using different nutrient management practices for mustard-mungbean-T. aman rice cropping system in calcareous soil of Madaripur, Bangladesh. Different nutrient management practices were absolute nutrient control (T1); farmer’s practice (T2); AEZ based nutrient application (T3) and soil test based nutrient application (T4). The practices were compared in a randomized completely block design with three replications over two consecutive years. The average yield through application of soil test based nutrient (T4) was showed effective to get highest yields of mustard (1530 kg ha-1), mungbean (1632 kg ha-1) and T. aman rice (4729 kg ha-1). The same practices (T4) exhibited the greatest nutrients uptake by the test crops. The apparent balance of N and K was negative; however it was less negative and less deficiency detect in T4 treatment. Positive balance of P observed in all practices except in T1. There was a positive S balance (7.60 kg ha-1) in T4 but negative in T1, T2 and T3. Zinc balance was found positive in T3 and T4 and negative in T1 and T2. Boron balance in the system was neutral or slightly positive in T1 and negative in T2 but positive in T3 and T4. Organic matter, N, P, S, Zn and B status in soil was improved by T4 treatment. The results suggested that the soil test based nutrient application is viable and sustainable for mustard-mungbean-T. aman rice cropping system in calcareous soils of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Monitoring Cropping Systems: From Data Collection to Cloud Database Storage Using Open Source Software

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ioanna Panagea ◽  
Dangol Anuja ◽  
Marc Olijslagers ◽  
Jan Diels ◽  
Guido Wyseure
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Query Languages ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Study Sites

Agricultural cropping systems and experiments include complex interactions of processes and various management practices and/or treatments under a wide range of environmental and climatic conditions. The use of standardized formats to monitor and document these systems and experiments can help researchers and stakeholders to efficiently exchange data, promote interdisciplinary collaborations, and simplify modelling and analysis procedures. In the scope of the SoilCare Horizon 2020 project monitoring and assessment work package, an integrated scheme to collect, validate, store, and access cropping system information and experimental data from 16 study sites, was created. The aim of the scheme is to make the data readily available in a way that the information is useful, easy to access and download, and safe, relying only on open source software. The database design considers data and metadata required to properly and easily monitor, process, and analyse cropping systems and/or agricultural experiments. The scheme allows for the storage of data and metadata regarding the experimental set-up, associated people and institutions, information about field management operations and experimental procedures which are clearly separated for making analysis procedures faster, links between system components, and information about the environmental and climatic conditions. Raw data are entered by the users into a structured spreadsheet. The quality is checked before storing the data into the database. Providing raw data allows processing and analysing as each other user needs. A desktop import application has been created to upload the information from spreadsheet to database, which includes automated error checks of relationship tables, data types, data constraints, etc. The final component of the scheme is the database web application interface, which enables users to access and query the database across the study sites without the knowledge of query languages and to download the required data. For this system design, PostgreSQL is used for storing the data, pgAdmin 4 for database management administration, MongoDB for user management and authentication, Python for the development of the import application, Angular and Node.js/Express for the web application and spreadsheets compatible with LibreOffice Calc. The system is currently tested with data provided by the SoilCare study sites. Preliminary testing indicated that extended quality control of the spreadsheets was required from the system’s administrator to meet the standards and restrictions of the import application. Initial comments from the users indicate that the database scheme, even if it initially seems complicated, includes all the variables and details required for a complete monitoring and modelling of an agricultural cropping system.

Impact of continuous organic manuring on mechanisms and processes of the stabilisation of soil organic C under rice–wheat cropping system

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
T. J. Purakayastha ◽  
Ruma Das ◽  
Savita Kumari ◽  
Y. S. Shivay ◽  
Sunanda Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Blue Green Algae

Understanding the mechanism of soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilisation may help in developing management strategies for SOC storage. A long-term organically managed rice−wheat cropping system was used for SOC stabilisation study. Soil samples were collected from control, FYM (farmyard manure to rice and wheat), GM (green manure; Sesbania aculeata to rice and Leucaena leucocephala to wheat), GB (GM with biofertiliser; blue green algae to rice and Azotobacter sp. to wheat), GF (GM with FYM), GFB (GM with FYM and biofertiliser). Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)-resistant C correlated significantly with ammonium oxalate and dithionate extractable Fe, Al and Si in soil. The GFB showed the highest enrichment of SOC (32%) as well as NaOCl-resistant C (22%) at 0–15 cm soil depth. At higher soil depth, GM alone showed the highest enrichment of SOC (39% at 15–30 cm, 84% at 30–60 cm). The NaOCl-resistant C was higher in FYM and GFB treatments at 15–30 and 30–60 cm depths respectively. The proportion of NaOCl-resistant C to SOC increased down the profile and was highest (30–52%) in 30–60 cm soil depth. A multiple regression model developed between ammonium oxalate extractable Fe, Al and Si and SOC could well predict the stable SOC content. There was a substantial improvement in prediction when extractable Fe, Al and Si were combined together. Among the organic treatments, GFB showed the highest humification and aromaticity in humic acid with least polarity and more reduced form. The combination of all the organic sources (GFB) could be a promising nutrient management strategy for enhancing the stability of SOC in rice–wheat cropping systems of semiarid subtropical India.

The distribution of Fusarium graminearum and F. asiaticum causing Fusarium head blight of wheat in relation to climate and cropping system

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xu ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Yuli Song ◽  
Yilin Zhou ◽  
Xiangming Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
The North ◽  
Colonization Period ◽  
Relative Prevalence

In the main wheat production area of China (The Huang Huai Plain, HHP), both Fusarium graminearum and F. asiaticum, the causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB), are present. We investigated whether the relative prevalence of F. graminearum and F. asiaticum is related to cropping systems and/or climate factors. A total of 1844 Fusarium isolates were obtained from 103 fields of two cropping systems: maize-wheat and rice-wheat rotations. To maximize the differences in climatic conditions, isolates were sampled from the north and south HHP region. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of EF-1α and Tri101sequences, 1207 of the 1844 isolates belonged to F. graminearum, and the remaining 637 isolates belonged to F. asiaticum. The former was predominant in the northern region: 1022 of the 1078 Fusarium isolates in the north were F. graminearum. The latter was predominant in the southern region: 581 of the 766 Fusarium isolates belonging to F. asiaticum. Analysis based on generalised linear modelling, the relative prevalence of the two species was associated more with climatic conditions than with the cropping system. Fusarium graminearum was associated with drier conditions, cooler conditions during the winter but warmer conditions in the infection and grain-colonization period, and with the maize-wheat rotation. The opposite was true for F. asiaticum. Except 15-ADON, the trichothecene chemotype composition of F. asiaticum differed between the two cropping systems. The 3-ADON was more prevalent in the maize-wheat rotation; whereas NIV more prevalent in the rice-wheat rotation. The results also suggested that environmental conditions in the overwintering period appeared to be more important than that in the infection and grain-colonization and pre-anthesis sporulation periods in affecting the relative prevalence of F. graminearum and F. asiaticum. More research is needed to study the effect of overwintering conditions on subsequent epidemic in the following spring.

scholarly journals Assessing Crop and Water Productivity Performance of Different Crops and Cropping Systems

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Kumar ◽  
R.S. Yadav ◽  
Amit Kumawat ◽  
Vinay Nangia ◽  
N.D. Yadava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Study Region

Background: Freshwater in sufficient quantity and adequate quality is a prerequisite for human societies and natural ecosystems. To adequately feed 9.3 billion people in 2050, consumptive water use (i.e. transpired water) by all food and fodder crops needs to increase from its present estimated level of 7000 km3/year to 12,586 km3/year. However, fresh water resources are increasingly getting scarce because of increased competition among a multitude of users. Getting agriculture to perform with progressively smaller allocation of renewable water resources will remain a challenge on global scale. To meet the challenge there is an urgent need to improve the crop water productivity to ensure the sustainability of agriculture. Methods: An experiment was carried out at village Menawali, Hanumangarh, Rajasthan during both kharif and rabi seasons to assess productivity, economics, N-uptake and water use of different crops. An area of 187 ha comprising 25 farmers irrigated by common irrigation channels were selected to collect the information. The information required i.e. soil, crop management, growth, phonological, yields, water balance, N-uptake and water use efficiency of each crops were collected from 15 farmers. Bt-cotton and clusterbean of kharif and wheat and Indian mustard in rabi were prominent crops, cotton-wheat, cotton-mustard, clusterbean-wheat and clusterbean-mustard were major cropping sequences of the study region. Result: In kharif season, Bt-cotton gave higher economic yields than clusterbean and amongst rabi season crops, economic yields of wheat and mustard were 4255, 1778 kg/ha, respectively. The economic yield of cropping sequences varied from 3741-6514 kg/ha and were higher for cotton-wheat (6218 kg/ha), intermediate for clusterbean-wheat (5785 kg/ha) and lower for cotton-mustard (3741 kg/ha) and clusterbean-mustard (3308 kg/ha). The cotton-wheat (₹1181.2 mm) sequence had highest water use. Clusterbean-wheat cropping system recorded highest water productivity (16.5 kg/ha mm) followed by clusterbean-mustard (14.9 kg/ha mm). The clusterbean-mustard (₹456/ha mm) cropping sequence was most profitable and fetched highest net return followed by clusterbean-wheat (₹383/ha mm).

scholarly journals Long term impact of different cropping systems on soil quality under silty loam soils of Indo-Gangetic plains of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 584-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khusbhoo Srivastava ◽  
H.S. Jat ◽  
M.D. Meena ◽  
Madhu Choudhary ◽  
A.K Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Available Nitrogen

In a multi-enterprise agriculture model, six different cropping systems have been evaluated at research farm of CSSRI Karnal for nutrient availability in surface soil. All the cropping systems left tremendous effect on soil quality. Among the different cropping systems, sorghum-berseem maintained lowest soil pH (8.14) followed by cowpea-cauliflower-potato cropping system (8.35). Sorghum-berseem cropping system was significantly build-up of soil fertility in terms of available nitrogen, (221.1kg/ha) and soil organic carbon (0.59%) as compared to other cropping systems. However, phosphorus (59.80 kg/ha) availability was higher in vegetable system followed by wheat-green gram cropping systems (48.85 kg/ha) than the other cropping systems. Vegetable system of multi-enterprise agriculture model showed more availability of Ca (3.20 me/L), Mg (2.63 me/L) and S (11.71 me/L) than other cropping systems. Higher amount of Fe (8.44 mg/kg) was observed in maize-wheat-green gram cropping system, whereas higher Mn (6.37 mg/kg) was noticed in sorghum-berseem fodder system than the other cropping system. Zn and Cu availability was relatively higher in vegetable system. Under prevailing climatic conditions of Karnal, sorghum-berseem fodder system was found to be the best with respect to soil quality and ready adaptability by the farmers as it was not much changed by climatic variability over the last 6 years. Vegetable system and fruits + vegetable were more or less similar in accelerating the availability of nutrients. Thus, leguminous crop (green gram) in any cropping system helped in improving the soil health, which is a good indicator of soil productivity.

Using a sensitivity analysis of a weed dynamics model to develop sustainable cropping systems. II. Long-term effect of past crops and management techniques on weed infestation

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. COLBACH ◽  
S. GRANGER ◽  
D. MÉZIÈRE
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Catch Crop ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
System Components ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Weed Dynamics

SUMMARYBoth scientists and farmers are confronted by a similar question: which current and past cropping system components will influence the present weed flora, and how? This information is necessary to optimize both cropping systems for weed control, and quality and cost in surveys and monitoring schemes. The present study addressed these questions with a sensitivity analysis to input variables of a cropping system model,AlomySys, that predicts weed dynamics in interaction with pedo-climatic conditions. The study ranked cropping system components according to their impact on weed infestation in winter wheat, showing for instance that though crop succession was crucial, current and past tillage strategies influenced grass weed densities even more. Crops were not only ranked as a function of the resulting weed risk but the latter was also linked to crop species traits, i.e. crop type, usual sowing period and emergence speed. A previous winterv.spring crop thus increased weed density by 72% in the following winter wheat; a late-sownv.early sown winter crop by 26%, a slowv.fast-emerging winter crop by 17%, and a lower competitive ability by 9%. Similarly, the characteristics of each crop management technique (tillage, catch crop, secondary crop, mowing, mechanical weeding, herbicides, nitrogen fertilizer, manure and harvest) were quantified. For instance, the timing of the first tillage operation was crucial prior to the analysed winter wheat crop while the choice of the tool used even 5 years previously still influenced weed infestation in the current year; a catch crop prior to previous spring sown crops reduced the current infestation regardless of catch crop sowing dates and densities, but the reductive effect could be lost if the field was tilled several times to destroy the catch crop. The advice synthesized here and in a companion paper (Colbach & Mézière 2012). will be valuable to design innovative, integrated cropping systems, indicating (1) which cropping system components to modify to produce the largest effect, (2) for how long past practices must be considered when choosing current options and (3) the optimal options for the different management techniques. Points (1) and (2) are also valuable to identify data to record in surveys, though still resulting in a total of 232 variables. In a second step, these detailed variables were therefore simplified and aggregated to determine a smaller set of 22 synthetic variables easily recorded in surveys, such as the proportion of winter and spring crops during the last 10 years (instead of the actual crop sequence), the proportion of crops sown in summer, early autumn, late autumn, early spring and late spring during the last 5 years (instead of exact sowing dates), the ploughing frequency (instead of ploughing dates and characteristics), the mean number of herbicide sprayings per year (instead of dates), etc. This reduced survey list will reduce the cost of surveys as well as increase the number and quality of surveys as more farmers will be ready to participate and there will be fewer uncertainties in the answers.

Performance of black pepper in coconut based high density multi-species cropping system under different nutrient managements

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Subramanian, H.P. Maheswarappa, ◽  
T.J. Zachariah R. Surekha ◽  
V. Selvamani, Ravi Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
High Density ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Significant Difference

Coconut based high density multi-species cropping system (HDMSCS) is recommended to obtain maximum income and better utilization of resources. The crops grown under HDMSCS include fruits, vegetables, spices etc. Black pepper (<em>Piper nigrum</em> L.), an important spice crop, is generally a component  under coconut based cropping systems. In the present study, the performance of black pepper under coconut based HDMSCS involving banana, nutmeg, cinnamon, and other annuals <em>viz</em>., turmeric, ginger and elephant foot yam as intercrops, was evaluated, in terms of yield and quality of black pepper. The observations, recorded for four years (2009-10 to 2012-13) under three different nutrient management practices, indicated no significant difference in yield and quality parameters of black pepper. The pooled data of four years indicated a mean pepper yield of 2.4 kg vine<sup>-1</sup>, and quality parameters <em>viz</em>., per cent of oil, oleoresin, piperine and bulk density (g L<sup>-1</sup>) were 2.3, 9.8, 3.1 and 500.7, respectively. Under different nutrient management practices, the yield of both black pepper and coconut increased by 166 and 9 per cent, respectively, compared to the pre-treatment period (2005-07). The present study indicated that there was no reduction in yield of coconut when black pepper was grown in the basin and depending upon the availability of resources, farmers can follow the nutrient management practices.

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