Electrostatic Gate Control in Molecular Transistors

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunwook Song
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Transistors ◽  
Gate Control

Studies of the scanning ion beam sputter-cleaned MgO crystal surface by scanning reflection electron microscopy

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
H.-J. Ou ◽  
J. M. Cowley ◽  
A. A. Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Detailed Surface ◽  
Gate Control ◽  
Reflection Electron Microscopy

A scanning ion gun system has been installed on the specimen preparation chamber (pressure ∼5xl0-8 torr) of the VG-HB5 STEM microscope. By using the specimen current imaging technique, it is possible to use an ion beam to sputter-clean the preferred surface region on a bulk sample. As shown in figure 1, the X-Y raster-gate control of the scanning unit for the Krato Mini-Beam I is used to minimize the beam raster area down to a 800μm x800μm square region. With beam energy of 2.5KeV, the MgO cleavage surface has been ion sputter-cleaned for less than 1 minute. The carbon film or other contaminant, introduced during the cleavage process in air, is mostly removed from the MgO crystal surfaces.The immediate SREM inspection of this as-cleaned MgO surface, within the adjacent STEM microscope, has revealed the detailed surface structures of atomic steps, which were difficult to observe on the as-cleaved MgO surfaces in the previous studies.

Resilienz, Ressourcen, Bewältigung

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
pp. 355-360
Author(s):  
E. Geissner
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Behavioral Medicine ◽  
Chronischer Schmerz ◽  
Gate Control

ZusammenfassungChronischer Schmerz ist in der Psychologie seit rund 50 Jahren Gegenstand vertiefter wissenschaftlicher Beschäftigung: Grundlagenwissenschaftlich gilt als Startpunkt die Arbeit zur Gate-Control-Theorie im Jahr 1965 (3), anwendungsorientiert die Monografie Pain and Behavioral Medicine, 1983 (6). Auch wenn Schmerz durch psychologische Maßnahmen nicht vollends verschwindet, so sind doch wirksame Möglichkeiten bekannt, diesen substanziell in den Hintergrund zu rücken, das Leiden zu reduzieren, einen gut adaptierten Lebensvollzug wiederherzustellen. Der Resilienz-(R-)begriff entstammt der Entwicklungspsychologie und liefert für die vorliegende Thematik wertvolle Beiträge. Heutige R-Forscher betonen die Förderung von R. Dies geschieht durch wiederholte Auseinandersetzung mit Herausforderungen – hier Schmerz –, im Rahmen derer neue Fähigkeiten erworben und Belastungen gemeistert werden. Ein Assimilationsmodus (AS) ist von einem Akkommodationsmodus (AK) zu unterscheiden. AS beinhaltet die Kompensation eines verlorenen Standards durch Übungen, Techniken, Training, systematische Praxis, während AK gedanklich-emotionales Umbewerten, Akzeptanz und Relativieren früherer Standards zum Ziel hat. Gut kompatibel mit R ist der Ressourcenansatz der klinischen Psychologie. Hier werden Aktiva, Positiva und Stärken der Person fokussiert und der Defizitansatz der herkömmlichen Psychotherapie ergänzt. Mit dem Ressourcenansatz einher geht Psychotherapie bei Schmerz, wohingegen Bewältigung (Coping) eher assimilativ auf Training und Pain-Management orientiert ist. Schmerzbewältigungstrainings (ambulant, stationär) mit einer Reihe von verhaltens-, kognitiven, emotions- und körper-/bewegungsorientierten Verfahren werden abschließend erläutert.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic sensor enabled smart automated railway gate control system

2021 ◽  
Vol 1916 (1) ◽  
pp. 012137
Author(s):  
Kumar R Senthil ◽  
M Prabu ◽  
K S Rani ◽  
K Prabaakaran ◽  
Penekalapati Soniya Chowdary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensor ◽  
Gate Control

Automated Gate control with backup systems at Level Crossing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narasimha Kulkarni ◽  
Pawan Kumar Doddamani ◽  
Abheejit Chowdhary ◽  
Kavyashree S Kulkarni ◽  
Chaitra Shettar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Level Crossing ◽  
Gate Control

scholarly journals Gate Control of Superconductivity in Mesoscopic All-Metallic Devices

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1243
Author(s):  
Claudio Puglia ◽  
Giorgio De Simoni ◽  
Francesco Giazotto
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Superconducting Properties ◽  
Microscopic Mechanism ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
Half Wave ◽  
Thermal Origin ◽  
Gate Control ◽  
Titanium Wire ◽  
Field Emission Of Electrons ◽  
Gating Effect

The possibility to tune, through the application of a control gate voltage, the superconducting properties of mesoscopic devices based on Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer metals was recently demonstrated. Despite the extensive experimental evidence obtained on different materials and geometries, a description of the microscopic mechanism at the basis of such an unconventional effect has not been provided yet. This work discusses the technological potential of gate control of superconductivity in metallic superconductors and revises the experimental results, which provide information regarding a possible thermal origin of the effect: first, we review experiments performed on high-critical-temperature elemental superconductors (niobium and vanadium) and show how devices based on these materials can be exploited to realize basic electronic tools, such as a half-wave rectifier. Second, we discuss the origin of the gating effect by showing gate-driven suppression of the supercurrent in a suspended titanium wire and by providing a comparison between thermal and electric switching current probability distributions. Furthermore, we discuss the cold field-emission of electrons from the gate employing finite element simulations and compare the results with experimental data. In our view, the presented data provide a strong indication regarding the unlikelihood of the thermal origin of the gating effect.

scholarly journals Open-Loop Class-BD Audio Amplifiers with Balanced Common-Mode Output

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kołodziejski ◽  
Stanisław Kuta ◽  
Jacek Jasielski
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Modulation Scheme ◽  
Output Stage ◽  
Radiation Emission ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Audio Amplifiers ◽  
Gate Control ◽  
Output Filter ◽  
Gate Drivers

This paper presents new architectures and implementations of original open-loop Class-BD audio amplifiers with balanced Common-Mode output. The output stage of each proposed amplifier includes the typical H-bridge with four MOSFETs and four additional MOSFET switches that balance and keep the Common-Mode output constant. The presented amplifiers employ the extended NBDD PWM or PSC PWM modulation scheme. When the output stage is built only on NMOSFET transistors, gate drivers require a floating power supply, using a self-boost charge pump with capacitive isolation of the control signal. The use of complementary MOSFETs in the output stage greatly simplifies gate control systems. The proposed amplifiers were compared to the typical Class-BD configuration, using the optimal NBDD modulation with respect to audio performance of the Differential-Mode (DM) and Common-Mode (CM) outputs. Basic SPICE simulations and experimental studies have shown that the proposed Class-BD amplifiers have similar audio performance to the prototype with the optimal NBDD modulation scheme, while at the same time having a balanced constant voltage CM output, thus eliminating the main contributor to radiation emission. As a result, the filtering of the DM output signals can be greatly simplified, while the filtering of the CM output signals can be theoretically eliminated. Practically, due to the timing errors added by the gate drivers, spikes are generated at the CM output, which are very easy to filter out by the reduced LC output filter, even at very low L.

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