scholarly journals Multilayer network analysis of the drugs development cycle in the global pharmaceutical industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromitsu Goto ◽  
Mari Jibu ◽  
Wataru Souma ◽  
Yuichi Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Knowledge Flow ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Multilayer Network ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Drug Pipeline ◽  
Bow Tie

Abstract Drug development is a time-consuming process from the start of research to obtaining approval, and the probability of success with a candidate compound is extremely low. We aim to understand the characteristics of the flow and localization of knowledge during drug development in the global pharmaceutical industry. We analyze the multilayer network constructed with the drug pipeline layer, global supply chain layer, and global ownership layer. First, we identify the bow-tie structure and the community structure of each network layer. The obtained bow-tie structure shows the large strongly connected component and suggests that the knowledge flow in drug pipelines has similar characteristics as the supply chain network. The communities in each layer are characterized by country, category of the company, and bow tie component. We then study the multilayer network’s knowledge flow, conduct a statistical test, and verify the significance of the overlapping links between the drug pipeline and supply chain layers. Our results suggest a strong connection between open innovation in the pharmaceutical industry and firms’ economic activities in the supply chain.

scholarly journals A FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM IRAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Doostzadeh ◽  
Hussein Shabaninejad ◽  
Hesamoddin Madani ◽  
Zahra Ahani Amineh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Foreign Companies

ABSTRACTObjectives: The pharmaceutical market is a complex market due to its complicated supply chain and the extent of government regulations in allaspects of the trade lifecycle of drug development. Considering the importance of pharmaceuticals for society and the relevant trend of globalization,managing pharmaceutical industry effectively and efficiently is vital, particularly in developing countries. The present study determines the factorsaffecting the development of the Iranian pharmaceutical industry based on pharmaceutical mangers’ point of view.Methods: In this study, we assessed managers’ perspective about the internal and external key factors affecting the development of pharmaceuticalindustry. Finally, their perspective about the solutions for the development of pharmaceutical industry was assessed. Accordingly, a self-designedquestionnaire was sent to 65 managers at Tamin Pharmaceutical Investment Company, of which, 51 questionnaires were answered by the managers. Result: Most managers believed generic scheme reflect negatively on the development of the pharmaceutical industry and that external factors havea great impact on its improvement. They believe that branded generic transition along with supporting regulations, investment in Research andDevelopment, and joint venture with foreign companies will improve the pharmaceutical industry.Conclusion: To sum up, for improving the pharmaceutical industry in the shortest time possible, improvement of technological capabilities andinvestment in R&D should be considered.Keywords: Pharmaceutical industry, Key factors, Generic scheme.

Best Practices in the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 228-247
Author(s):  
Elumalai Gunasundari
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
New Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Chain Flexibility ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Supply Chain Flexibility ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
The One

The pharmaceutical industry is under severe pressure due to complex supply chains that are underutilized, inefficient, and ill-equipped to cope with the sort of products. The pharma supply chain must meet the demands of a fast-evolving marketplace and the shift from patient to an outcome to undergo a radical overhaul. Research and development (R&D) costs in the pharma industry are spiraling, development timelines are growing, and consumers are becoming increasingly knowledgeable about care options including drugs and treatment. The marketplace is fixed through the development cycle and increasing efficiency through rationalization or outsourcing of non-core activities. Recently, the pharma industry moved from the “one-size-fits-all” approach for the supply chain flexibility, responsiveness, and reliability. This chapter enables readers to understand the techniques for rapid commission and decommission new products and markets and alternate supply models, inventory tracking tools to eliminate counterfeiting and parallel-importing risks.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Economic Viability of Agricultural Pellets to Supplement the Current Global Wood Pellets Supply for Bioenergy Production

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2263
Author(s):  
Mahmood Ebadian ◽  
Shahab Sokhansanj ◽  
David Lee ◽  
Alyssa Klein ◽  
Lawrence Townley-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Global Marketplace ◽  
Biomass Logistics ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The Cost

In this study, an inter-continental agricultural pellet supply chain is modeled, and the production cost and price of agricultural pellets are estimated and compared against the recent cost and price of wood pellets in the global marketplace. The inter-continental supply chain is verified and validated using an integration of an interactive mapping application and a simulation platform. The integrated model is applied to a case study in which agricultural pellets are produced in six locations in Canada and shipped and discharged at the three major ports in Western Europe. The cost of agricultural pellets in the six locations is estimated to be in the range of EUR 92–95/tonne (CAD 138–142/tonne), which is comparable with the recent cost of wood pellets produced in small-scale pellet plants (EUR 99–109/tonne). The average agricultural pellet price shipped from the six plants to the three ports in Western Europe is estimated to be in a range of EUR 183–204 (CAD 274–305/tonne), 29–42% more expensive that the average recent price of wood pellets (EUR 143/tonne) at the same ports. There are several potential areas in the agricultural pellet supply chains that can reduce the pellet production and distribution costs in the mid and long terms, making them affordable supplement to the existing wood pellet markets. Potential economic activities generated by the production of pellets in farm communities can be significant. The generated annual revenue in the biomass logistics system in all six locations is estimated to be about CAD 21.80 million. In addition, the logistics equipment fleet needs 176 local operators with a potential annual income of CAD 2.18 million.

Supply Chain Knowledge Flow, Innovation, and Profitability

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Hsuan Hsu ◽  
Haiping Hui ◽  
Hsiao-Hui Lee
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Knowledge Flow

scholarly journals Do economic effects of the anti-COVID-19 lockdowns in different regions interact through supply chains?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255031
Author(s):  
Hiroyasu Inoue ◽  
Yohsuke Murase ◽  
Yasuyuki Todo
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Exogenous Shocks ◽  
Flow Components

To prevent the spread of COVID-19, many cities, states, and countries have ‘locked down’, restricting economic activities in non-essential sectors. Such lockdowns have substantially shrunk production in most countries. This study examines how the economic effects of lockdowns in different regions interact through supply chains, which are a network of firms for production, by simulating an agent-based model of production using supply-chain data for 1.6 million firms in Japan. We further investigate how the complex network structure affects the interactions between lockdown regions, emphasising the role of upstreamness and loops by decomposing supply-chain flows into potential and circular flow components. We find that a region’s upstreamness, intensity of loops, and supplier substitutability in supply chains with other regions largely determine the economic effect of the lockdown in the region. In particular, when a region lifts its lockdown, its economic recovery substantially varies depending on whether it lifts the lockdown alone or together with another region closely linked through supply chains. These results indicate that the economic effect produced by exogenous shocks in a region can affect other regions and therefore this study proposes the need for inter-region policy coordination to reduce economic loss due to lockdowns.

SWINGS AND ROUNDABOUTS IN CNS DRUG BIOMARKERS

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
M.B. Isaac ◽  
S. Vamvakas
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Clinical Failure ◽  
Cns Disorders ◽  
Alzheimer Dementia ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Cns Drugs ◽  
Drug Pipeline

Despite substantial advances in the understanding of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, healthcare systems worldwide face an unprecedented challenge in dealing with the unmet needs in this area (1). Meanwhile, the CNS drug pipeline looks worryingly dry. There are several reasons for this, including the obvious complexity of the CNS, a lack of interdisciplinary collaborations, increased drug development costs and the higher risk of clinical failure of CNS drugs, compared with those in other areas of drug development. The year 2016 was also disappointing in terms of failed trials of Alzheimer’ Dementia (AD) drugs.

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