scholarly journals A FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM IRAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Doostzadeh ◽  
Hussein Shabaninejad ◽  
Hesamoddin Madani ◽  
Zahra Ahani Amineh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Foreign Companies

ABSTRACTObjectives: The pharmaceutical market is a complex market due to its complicated supply chain and the extent of government regulations in allaspects of the trade lifecycle of drug development. Considering the importance of pharmaceuticals for society and the relevant trend of globalization,managing pharmaceutical industry effectively and efficiently is vital, particularly in developing countries. The present study determines the factorsaffecting the development of the Iranian pharmaceutical industry based on pharmaceutical mangers’ point of view.Methods: In this study, we assessed managers’ perspective about the internal and external key factors affecting the development of pharmaceuticalindustry. Finally, their perspective about the solutions for the development of pharmaceutical industry was assessed. Accordingly, a self-designedquestionnaire was sent to 65 managers at Tamin Pharmaceutical Investment Company, of which, 51 questionnaires were answered by the managers. Result: Most managers believed generic scheme reflect negatively on the development of the pharmaceutical industry and that external factors havea great impact on its improvement. They believe that branded generic transition along with supporting regulations, investment in Research andDevelopment, and joint venture with foreign companies will improve the pharmaceutical industry.Conclusion: To sum up, for improving the pharmaceutical industry in the shortest time possible, improvement of technological capabilities andinvestment in R&D should be considered.Keywords: Pharmaceutical industry, Key factors, Generic scheme.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Innovation Performance in Establishing a Generic Plan in the Pharmaceutical Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Eslami Eshlaghi ◽  
Abbas Khamseh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Factors Affecting

Background: The pharmaceutical industry has a significant impact on the promotion of health and safety indicators in society. In this knowledge-based industry, the development of companies in complex environments is a function of innovative research, investment, and government regulation to maintain and survive. Given the technical knowledge and specific supportive laws (e.g., patents), being active in such an industry is one of the important criteria in developing countries. Therefore, the generic plan was implemented in Iran with the prospect of taking practical steps toward achieving drug self-sufficiency and acquiring the rank of manufactured pharmaceutical raw materials and branded drugs. Objectives: This study, therefore, aimed to investigate factors affecting innovation performance in establishing a generic plan in the pharmaceutical industry of developing countries. Methods: The statistical population in this descriptive survey consisted of PhD experts involved in the Iranian pharmaceutical industry. To this end, 42 standard questionnaires were distributed based on the conceptual model of the research. Next, the effects of the research variables were analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) structural equations. Results: According to the results, research and development (R&D), product innovation, process innovation, and organization size significantly positively affected innovation performance. In comparison, knowledge management did not substantially affect innovation performance in the Iranian pharmaceutical industry. Conclusions: Due to the introspective developmental approach and the lack of effective communication, a major failure of the generic plan is witnessed within the pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Factors affect the investment decision in exchange markets in developing countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
Khaldoun M. Al-Qaisi Khelda
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Exchange Markets ◽  
Internal And External Factors

This study aimed to assess the factors affecting the investment in AEM. This research used a random sample of investors to measure these factors. A questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. In developing countries different factors affect the investment decision in exchange markets. These factors include internal and external factors.

scholarly journals Multilayer network analysis of the drugs development cycle in the global pharmaceutical industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromitsu Goto ◽  
Mari Jibu ◽  
Wataru Souma ◽  
Yuichi Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Knowledge Flow ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Multilayer Network ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Drug Pipeline ◽  
Bow Tie

Abstract Drug development is a time-consuming process from the start of research to obtaining approval, and the probability of success with a candidate compound is extremely low. We aim to understand the characteristics of the flow and localization of knowledge during drug development in the global pharmaceutical industry. We analyze the multilayer network constructed with the drug pipeline layer, global supply chain layer, and global ownership layer. First, we identify the bow-tie structure and the community structure of each network layer. The obtained bow-tie structure shows the large strongly connected component and suggests that the knowledge flow in drug pipelines has similar characteristics as the supply chain network. The communities in each layer are characterized by country, category of the company, and bow tie component. We then study the multilayer network’s knowledge flow, conduct a statistical test, and verify the significance of the overlapping links between the drug pipeline and supply chain layers. Our results suggest a strong connection between open innovation in the pharmaceutical industry and firms’ economic activities in the supply chain.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Game on Government Regulation and Green Supply Chain Decision-Making

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayang Xu ◽  
Jian Cao ◽  
Yunfei Wang ◽  
Xiangrong Shi ◽  
Jiayun Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Green Supply Chain ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Green Production ◽  
Green Behavior ◽  
The Government ◽  
Green Suppliers

Sustainability issues have gained growing awareness in recent years. Governments play an important role in environment and resources problems since they can affect enterprises’ production activities by enacting policies and regulations. To promote green production in the long term associated with the consideration of financial intervention of governments, we establish a three-population model of suppliers, manufacturers and governments based on evolutionary game theory, and analyze the evolutionary stable strategies (ESS) of their unilateral and joint behaviors. Further, system dynamics (SD) is applied to empirical analysis for exploring the dynamic interaction of the populations’ strategy, and the key factors affecting ESS are also discussed in detail. The results show that: (1) the proportion of green suppliers and manufacturers in their groups determines whether the government implements regulation; (2) any party of the supplier and manufacturer that adopts green strategy could promote green behavior of the other; (3) the government is advised to supervise and implement reward and punishment mechanism under the low proportion of green supply chain; (4) government regulation could promote the corporations to adopt green behavior and should preferentially implements the mechanism on manufacturers. The results provide insights into the policy-making of governments and enterprises management on sustainable development.

Opportunities and Obstacles to Narrow the Digital Divide

2008 ◽  
pp. 146-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Echeverri ◽  
Eileen G. Abels
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Professional Practices ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Access To Knowledge ◽  
The Web

Access to scientific information is considered a competitive advantage to foster knowledge, research, and development; improve quality of education; and advance professional practices. Although, the Web was conceived to encourage information sharing, restrictions to some publications reduce access to knowledge, especially to those in developing countries. This chapter presents a conceptual framework of the knowledge transfer cycle, and examines key factors affecting the dissemination of scientific information. Current challenges facing the open-access initiative of making scientific information free and available worldwide are also discussed. This chapter examines key factors affecting the dissemination of scientific information and current challenges posed by the open-access initiative of making scientific information free and available worldwide.

Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Supply Chain Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 206-227
Author(s):  
Anbalagan Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chains ◽  
Insight Into

The pharmaceutical industry quite broadly encompasses a large and varied number of logistics and supply chain activities. The industry, as a whole, relies on some standard benchmarking indicators such as months of on-hand inventory and inventory turns; however, the existing metrics do not allow for idiosyncrasies of the industry or provide adequately detailed insight into the key factors that make a pharmaceutical supply chain excellence. Over 75% of the markup on pharmaceutical products takes place at the manufacturer. This causes inventory-carrying costs to increase dramatically once the distribution segments of the supply chain purchase the product. Wholesalers and large pharmacy chains suffer high carrying costs on the final product. Inside pharmaceutical supply chains, companies must also face issues of product expiration and limited shelf lives. Seasonal and short shelf life products such as flu vaccines leave companies without the opportunity to redistribute or reallocate product in order to meet demand.

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