scholarly journals Evaluating the Economic Viability of Agricultural Pellets to Supplement the Current Global Wood Pellets Supply for Bioenergy Production

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2263
Author(s):  
Mahmood Ebadian ◽  
Shahab Sokhansanj ◽  
David Lee ◽  
Alyssa Klein ◽  
Lawrence Townley-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Global Marketplace ◽  
Biomass Logistics ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The Cost

In this study, an inter-continental agricultural pellet supply chain is modeled, and the production cost and price of agricultural pellets are estimated and compared against the recent cost and price of wood pellets in the global marketplace. The inter-continental supply chain is verified and validated using an integration of an interactive mapping application and a simulation platform. The integrated model is applied to a case study in which agricultural pellets are produced in six locations in Canada and shipped and discharged at the three major ports in Western Europe. The cost of agricultural pellets in the six locations is estimated to be in the range of EUR 92–95/tonne (CAD 138–142/tonne), which is comparable with the recent cost of wood pellets produced in small-scale pellet plants (EUR 99–109/tonne). The average agricultural pellet price shipped from the six plants to the three ports in Western Europe is estimated to be in a range of EUR 183–204 (CAD 274–305/tonne), 29–42% more expensive that the average recent price of wood pellets (EUR 143/tonne) at the same ports. There are several potential areas in the agricultural pellet supply chains that can reduce the pellet production and distribution costs in the mid and long terms, making them affordable supplement to the existing wood pellet markets. Potential economic activities generated by the production of pellets in farm communities can be significant. The generated annual revenue in the biomass logistics system in all six locations is estimated to be about CAD 21.80 million. In addition, the logistics equipment fleet needs 176 local operators with a potential annual income of CAD 2.18 million.

scholarly journals A quantitative examination of competition, coopetition and cooperation in supply chains

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sepehri ◽  
K. Fayazbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Cooperative Approach ◽  
Deterministic Demand ◽  
Single Period ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Supply Chain Costs ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The Cost

Traditionally, the members of a supply chain compete to reduce their individual costs. However, as collaborative supply chain approach is urged within industries to reduce the overall costs, either full cooperation or partial coopetition is considered by the members. In cooperative approach, members benefit from lower overall costs and lower cost variations. But individually, some seem better off in a competitive approach in a single period considering their local costs. Coopetition, or partial cooperation, may be suggested as a compromise to lower overall supply chain costs, while members choose alliances towards lower average costs and cost variations.A multi-stage, multi-member, multi-product and single period supply chain model is considered with deterministic demand, capacity and cost. Product prices are assumed to be constant. The objective is to minimize total production and distribution costs of the overall chain. Four distinct cases are considered, modeled, simulated and compared. These cases are complete competition, integrated cooperation, two-stage supply chain partition, and partial coopetition. Quantitative conclusions from the cost performance ratios are drawn using the simulation results.

scholarly journals Cost of Oil and Biomass Supply Shocks under Different Biofuel Supply Chain Configurations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (24) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Uría-Martínez ◽  
Paul N. Leiby ◽  
Maxwell L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Renewable Fuel Standard ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Supply Shocks ◽  
Biomass Supply ◽  
Biomass Logistics ◽  
Biofuel Supply Chain ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
The Cost

This analysis estimates the cost of selected oil and biomass supply shocks for producers and consumers in the light-duty vehicle fuel market under various supply chain configurations using a mathematical programing model, BioTrans. The supply chain configurations differ by whether they include selected flexibility levers: multi-feedstock biorefineries; advanced biomass logistics; and the ability to adjust ethanol content of low-ethanol fuel blends, from E10 to E15 or E05. The simulated scenarios explore market responses to supply shocks including substitution between gasoline and ethanol, substitution between different sources of ethanol supply, biorefinery capacity additions or idling, and price adjustments. Welfare effects for the various market participants represented in BioTrans are summarized into a net shock cost measure. As oil accounts for a larger fraction of fuel by volume, its supply shocks are costlier than biomass supply shocks. Corn availability and the high cost of adding biorefinery capacity limit increases in ethanol use during gasoline price spikes. During shocks that imply sudden decreases in the price of gasoline, the renewable fuel standard (RFS) biofuel blending mandate limits the extent to which flexibility can be exercised to reduce ethanol use. The selected flexibility levers are most useful in response to cellulosic biomass supply shocks.

scholarly journals Artificial neural network based meta-heuristic for performance improvement in physical internet supply chain network

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 1161
Author(s):  
Chouar Abdelsamad ◽  
Tetouani Samir ◽  
Soulhi Aziz ◽  
Elalami Jamila
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Physical Internet ◽  
Feed Forward Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The University

<p>Nowadays, reducing total costs while enhancing customer satisfaction is a major task for many supply chain systems. To deal with this issue, the physical internet (PI) paradigm can be represented as a potential replacement for the current logistics system. This paper devoted the cost reduction and lead time improvement in a PI-SCN using a hybrid framework based on an artificial neural network (ANN) and an improved slime mould algorithm (ISMA). To address the performance of the proposed framework, a real-case study in Morocco is considered. The new trainer ISMA’s performance has been investigated in three approximation datasets from the University of California at Irvine (UCI) machine-learning repository regarding nine recent metaheuristics. The experimental results highlight the effectiveness of ISMA according to other meta heuristics for training feed-forward neural networks (FNNs) to converge speed and to avoid local minima.</p>

Economics Analysis of Landscape Based on SCM

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 2092-2095
Author(s):  
Xue Wang ◽  
Jin Rong Zhang ◽  
Yan Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Aesthetic Sense ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Design And Practice ◽  
Economics Analysis

In the design and practice of landscape, the higher cost in landscape design often causes much more landscape resource waste, ignores the economic benefits of landscape and destroys its aesthetic sense. Through analyzing the relation between landscape and economy and introducing a set of concepts, planning, purchasing, manufacturing, marketing and service. In this article, we apply the theory of "supply chain management, SCM " in economics into the landscape design and its practice. To make the management more scientific, accurate, reasonable and efficient, we must keep two principles , reducing and controlling the cost and increasing its efficiency of landscape design and its practice. Also we may realize the organic coordination of the whole economic activities by this way.

scholarly journals Development of Key Processes along the Supply Chain by Implementing the ISO 22000 Standard

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Zimon ◽  
Peter Madzik ◽  
Pedro Domingues
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Production And Distribution

The aim of the article is to answer the question of whether the implementation of the requirements of the ISO 22000 standard in the food supply chain can support the implementation of key processes occurring in them, and thus increase the level of food quality and minimize its waste. The research was conducted out among several European countries, and an attempt was carried out to compare how the standard is perceived by entrepreneurs operating in Poland, Slovakia (Central and Eastern Europe), and Portugal (Western Europe). Covering the Polish, Slovak, and Portuguese organizations with the research process resulted from the fact that in recent years in these countries, an increase in the diversity of food demand and fragmentation of the food market has been observed. This forced food supply chains to be strictly focused on increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of production and distribution systems, as well as taking into account customer requirements and the implementation of sustainable solutions. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the implementation of the requirements of the ISO 22000 standard along food supply chains can positively affect the implementation of key processes and thus contribute to reducing food waste at each stage of the supply chain.

scholarly journals Assessing economic impacts of environmental research infrastructures: overview of methodological tools

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
Régis Kalaydjian
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Related Case ◽  
Research Infrastructures ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
The Cost

Abstract. The data generated by environmental research infrastructures (ENV RIs) are key to analysing the quality of general living standards and the conditions of development of environmentally sensitive economic activities: monitoring the atmosphere and ocean is increasingly and critically important in a context marked by the risks caused by global warming. Given the cost of ENV RIs, their benefits to society, in terms of economic impacts, must be assessed and demonstrated. The primary objective of this article is to review the main tools used to assess the economic impacts of ENV RIs and to propose a methodological framework. The latter classifies the impacts into three categories: (1) upstream impacts on equipment suppliers; (2) downstream impacts on the performance and quality of observational data, monitoring services and forecasts; and (3) feedback impacts in terms of improved knowledge about the environment to the benefit of economic activities. In this framework, the entire data and service supply chain is considered for the assessment of impacts. An ocean-related case study serves as a practical example: Argo, a global in situ ocean observing system, provides an understanding of the supply chain from upstream suppliers of ENV RIs to primary and processed ocean data providers. It highlights the methodological issues involved in assessing the different categories of impacts. The article gives precedence to tried and tested methods. It concludes that further work and more data are needed to improve assessment methods.

Design and Fabrication of a Dual Powered Mini Pelletizer

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshwant Manohar Sonkhaskar ◽  
V.S. Deshpande ◽  
J.P. Modak
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
Fuel Pellets ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Compressed Wood

Wood pellets are compressed wood particles that are used as fuel. Pellets are gaining popularity and are commonly used in some areas of India owing to the cost effectiveness. One of the major reasons is the increase in the cost of primary fuels and concerns about global climate change. For research and development work and for the production of small quantities of pellets for specific applications, it is important to have a low-cost apparatus or machine for making pellets. The paper discusses the local design and manufacturing of a dual-mode pelletizing machine. It can be powered either electrically or manually. Therefore, it can be used by both rural as well as urban dwellers. It can be a backup in conditions of power failure, and can also prove a boon in rural areas where there is no electricity. The objective of this work was to analyze, design and fabricate a model for a Dual Mode Pelletizing Machine which would be used for production of pellets on small scale and can be powered by either electrical motor or human pedaling. The Pelletizing Machine was designed, fabricated and experiments were performed to obtain pellets from sawdust, powered by electric motor as well as human pedaling.

TRANSFER FİYATLAMA UYGULAMASININ İŞLETME PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ VE VERGİSEL AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Serdar KUZU
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The size of international trade continues to extend rapidly from day to day as a result of the globalization process. This situation causes an increase in the economic activities of businesses in the trading area. One of the main objectives of the cost system applied in businesses is to be able to monitor the competitors and the changes that can be occured as a result of the developments in the sector. Thus, making cost accounting that is proper according to IAS / IFRS and tax legislation has become one of the strategic targets of the companies in most countries. In this respect, businesses should form their cost and pricing systems according to new regulations. Transfer pricing practice is usefull in setting the most proper price for goods that are subject to the transaction, in evaluating the performance of the responsibility centers of business, and in determining if the inter-departmental pricing system is consistent with targets of the business. The taxing powers of different countries and also the taxing powers of different institutions in a country did not overlap. Because of this reason, bringing new regulations to the tax system has become essential. The transfer pricing practice that has been incorporated into the Turkish Tax System is one of the these regulations. The transfer pricing practice which includes national and international transactions has been included in the Corporate Tax Law and Income Tax Law. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of goods and services transfer that will occur between departments of businesses on the responsibility center and business performance, and also the impact of transfer pricing practice on the business performance on the basis of tax-related matters. As a result of the study, it can be said that transfer pricing practice has an impact on business performance in terms of both price and tax-related matters.

Implementaon of digital economy elements in electric power industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Filimonov ◽  
N. D. Chichirova ◽  
A. A. Chichirov ◽  
A. A. Filimonovа
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Automation Systems

Energy generation, along with other sectors of Russia’s economy, is on the cusp of the era of digital transformation. Modern IT solutions ensure the transition of industrial enterprises from automation and computerization, which used to be the targets of the second half of the last century, to digital enterprise concept 4.0. The international record of technological and structural solutions in digitization may be used in Russia’s energy sector to the full extent. Specifics of implementation of such systems in different countries are only determined by the level of economic development of each particular state and the attitude of public authorities as related to the necessity of creating conditions for implementation of the same. It is shown that a strong legislative framework is created in Russia for transition to the digital economy, with research and applied developments available that are up to the international level. The following digital economy elements may be used today at enterprises for production of electrical and thermal energy: — dealing with large amounts of data (including operations exercised via cloud services and distributed data bases); — development of small scale distributed generation and its dispatching; — implementation of smart elements in both electric power and heat supply networks; — development of production process automation systems, remote monitoring and predictive analytics; 3D-modeling of parts and elements; real time mathematic simulation with feedback in the form of control actions; — creating centres for analytical processing of statistic data and accounting in financial and economic activities with business analytics functions, with expansion of communication networks and computing capacities. Examples are presented for implementation of smart systems in energy production and distribution. It is stated in the paper that state-of art information technologies are currently being implemented in Russia, new unique digital transformation projects are being launched in major energy companies. Yet, what is required is large-scale and thorough digitization and controllable energy production system as a multi-factor business process will provide the optimum combination of efficient economic activities, reliability and safety of power supply.

Main approaches to estimating the cost of shareholder equity of oil and gas producers

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-697
Author(s):  
O.V. Shimko
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Oil And Gas Producers ◽  
The Cost

Subject. The study analyzes generally accepted approaches to assessing the value of companies on the basis of financial statement data of ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Occidental Petroleum, Devon Energy, Anadarko Petroleum, EOG Resources, Apache, Marathon Oil, Imperial Oil, Suncor Energy, Husky Energy, Canadian Natural Resources, Royal Dutch Shell, Gazprom, Rosneft, LUKOIL, and others, for 1999—2018. Objectives. The aim is to determine the specifics of using the methods of cost, DFC, and comparative approaches to assessing the value of share capital of oil and gas companies. Methods. The study employs methods of statistical analysis and generalization of materials of scientific articles and official annual reports on the results of financial and economic activities of the largest public oil and gas corporations. Results. Based on the results of a comprehensive analysis, I identified advantages and disadvantages of standard approaches to assessing the value of oil and gas producers. Conclusions. The paper describes pros and cons of the said approaches. For instance, the cost approach is acceptable for assessing the minimum cost of small companies in the industry. The DFC-based approach complicates the reliability of medium-term forecasts for oil prices due to fluctuations in oil prices inherent in the industry, on which the net profit and free cash flow of companies depend to a large extent. The comparative approach enables to quickly determine the range of possible value of the corporation based on transactions data and current market situation.

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