Challenges and opportunities of gravitational-wave searches at MHz to GHz frequencies

AbstractThe first direct measurement of gravitational waves by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations has opened up new avenues to explore our Universe. This white paper outlines the challenges and gains expected in gravitational-wave searches at frequencies above the LIGO/Virgo band, with a particular focus on Ultra High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (UHF-GWs), covering the MHz to GHz range. The absence of known astrophysical sources in this frequency range provides a unique opportunity to discover physics beyond the Standard Model operating both in the early and late Universe, and we highlight some of the most promising gravitational sources. We review several detector concepts that have been proposed to take up this challenge, and compare their expected sensitivity with the signal strength predicted in various models. This report is the summary of the workshop “Challenges and opportunities of high-frequency gravitational wave detection” held at ICTP Trieste, Italy in October 2019, that set up the stage for the recently launched Ultra-High-Frequency Gravitational Wave (UHF-GW) initiative.

Download Full-text

Gravitational wave probes of dark matter: challenges and opportunities

SciPost Physics Core ◽

10.21468/scipostphyscore.3.2.007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Gianfranco Bertone ◽

Djuna Croon ◽

Mustafa Amin ◽

Kimberly K. Boddy ◽

Bradley Kavanagh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dark Matter ◽

Gravitational Wave ◽

Gravitational Waves ◽

White Paper ◽

Dark Matter Candidate ◽

Open Problems ◽

Wide Range ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Community Effort

In this white paper, we discuss the prospects for characterizing and identifying dark matter using gravitational waves, covering a wide range of dark matter candidate types and signals. We argue that present and upcoming gravitational wave probes offer unprecedented opportunities for unraveling the nature of dark matter and we identify the most urgent challenges and open problems with the aim of encouraging a strong community effort at the interface between these two exciting fields of research.

Download Full-text

High frequency gravitational waves from spin-3/2 fields

International Journal of Modern Physics A ◽

10.1142/s0217751x20440297 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (36) ◽

pp. 2044029

Author(s):

Karim Benakli

Keyword(s):

Gravitational Wave ◽

Gravitational Waves ◽

High Frequency ◽

Ultrahigh Frequency ◽

Wave Signal ◽

Peculiar Form ◽

The Future

We point out the peculiar form of the gravitational wave signal expected from a gas of particles carry spin-3/2 produced during preheating. Given the very few ways that gravitinos can manifest themselves in an experimentally observable way, we stress the importance of improving the sensitivity of ultrahigh frequency detectors in the future. This review is based on work that appeared in Ref. 1.

Download Full-text

Gravity waves and primordial black holes in scalar warm little inflation

Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics ◽

10.1088/1475-7516/2021/12/052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (12) ◽

pp. 052

Author(s):

Mar Bastero-Gil ◽

Marta Subías Díaz-Blanco

Keyword(s):

Black Holes ◽

Spectral Density ◽

Gravitational Waves ◽

Gravity Waves ◽

High Frequency ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Primordial Black Holes ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Warm Inflation ◽

Large Fluctuations

Abstract In warm inflation, dissipation due to the interactions of the inflaton field to other light degrees of freedom leads naturally to the enhancement of the primordial spectrum during the last 10-20 efolds of inflation. We study this effect in a variant of the Warm Little Inflaton model, where the inflaton couples to light scalars, with a quartic chaotic potential. These large fluctuations on re-entry will form light, evaporating Primordial Black Holes, with masses lighter than 106 g. But at the same time they will act as a source for the tensors at second order. The enhancement is maximal near the end of inflation, which result in a spectral density of Gravitational Waves (GW) peaked at frequencies f ∼ O(105-106) Hz today, and with an amplitude ΩGW ∼ 10-9. Although the frequency range is outside the reach of present and planned GW detectors, it might be reached in future high-frequency gravitational waves detectors, designed to search for cosmological stochastic GW backgrounds above MHz frequencies.

Download Full-text

Gravitational waves from the phase transition of a nonlinearly realized electroweak gauge symmetry

International Journal of Modern Physics D ◽

10.1142/s0218271817501140 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 1750114 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Archil Kobakhidze ◽

Adrian Manning ◽

Jason Yue

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Gravitational Waves ◽

Electroweak Symmetry ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Electroweak Phase Transition ◽

First Order ◽

Wave Measurements ◽

Future Space ◽

The Standard Model ◽

New Interactions

Within the Standard Model with nonlinearly realized electroweak symmetry, the LHC Higgs boson may reside in a singlet representation of the gauge group. Several new interactions are then allowed, including anomalous Higgs self-couplings, which may drive the electroweak phase transition to be strongly first-order. In this paper, we investigate the cosmological electroweak phase transition in a simplified model with an anomalous Higgs cubic self-coupling. We look at the feasibility of detecting gravitational waves produced during such a transition in the early universe by future space-based experiments. We demonstrate an intriguing interplay between collider measurements of the Higgs self-coupling and these potential gravitational wave measurements. We find that for the range of relatively large cubic couplings, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]mHz frequency gravitational waves can be observed by eLISA, while BBO will potentially be able to detect waves in a wider frequency range, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mHz.

Download Full-text

Reflecting and Polarizing Properties of Conductive Fabrics in Ultra-High Frequency Range

Materials Science ◽

10.5755/j01.ms.21.3.7478 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Oleg Kiprijanovič ◽

Steponas Ašmontas ◽

Jonas Matuzas ◽

Lina Valasevičiūtė ◽

Sandra Varnaitė-Žuravliova

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

High Frequency Range ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Ultra High Frequency

Download Full-text

Gravitational Waves and Time-Domain Astronomy

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921312000592 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (S285) ◽

pp. 191-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joan Centrella ◽

Samaya Nissanke ◽

Roy Williams

Keyword(s):

Gravitational Wave ◽

Gravitational Waves ◽

Time Domain ◽

Low Frequency ◽

High Energy ◽

Massive Black Hole ◽

Compact Binary ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Binary Mergers

AbstractThe gravitational-wave window onto the universe will open in roughly five years, when Advanced LIGO and Virgo achieve the first detections of high-frequency gravitational waves, most likely coming from compact binary mergers. Electromagnetic follow-up of these triggers, using radio, optical, and high energy telescopes, promises exciting opportunities in multi-messenger time-domain astronomy. In the decade, space-based observations of low-frequency gravitational waves from massive black hole mergers, and their electromagnetic counterparts, will open up further vistas for discovery. This two-part workshop featured brief presentations and stimulating discussions on the challenges and opportunities presented by gravitational-wave astronomy. Highlights from the workshop, with the emphasis on strategies for electromagnetic follow-up, are presented in this report.

Download Full-text

A Tunable Ferrofluid-based Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Microchannel Inductor for Ultra High Frequency Applications

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) ◽

10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp926-932 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 926

Author(s):

Ahmad Hafiz Mohamad Razy ◽

Mohd Tafir Mustaffa ◽

Asrulnizam Abd Manaf ◽

Norlaili Mohd Noh

Keyword(s):

Quality Factor ◽

High Frequency ◽

Tuning Range ◽

Frequency Range ◽

High Permeability ◽

Ultra High Frequency ◽

Full Wave ◽

Pdms Microchannel ◽

Bond Wires ◽

Bonding Technique

In this work, a tunable ferrofluid-based polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel inductor with high quality factor and high tuning range is proposed. For this project, PDMS is used to create a microchannel with a width and height of 0.53 mm and 0.2 mm respectively. The microchannel is then used to cover the whole design of a solenoid inductor. A solenoid inductor is designed using wire bonding technique where lines of copper and bond wires are used to form a solenoid winding on top of silicon substrate. A light hydrocarbon based ferrofluid EMG 901 660 mT with high permeability of 5.4 is used. The ferrofluid-based liquid is injected into the channel to enhance the performance of a quality factor. A 3D full-wave electromagnetic fields tool, ANSYS HFSS is used in this work to simulate the solenoid inductor. The results obtained in this work gives a quality factor of more than 10 at a frequency range of 300 MHz to 3.3 GHz (Ultra High Frequency range). The highest quality factor is 37 which occurs at a frequency of 1.5 GHz, provides a high tuning range of 112%.

Download Full-text

Energy deposition processes in biological tissue: Nonthermal biohazards seem unlikely in the ultra-high frequency range

Bioelectromagnetics ◽

10.1002/1521-186x(200102)22:2<97::aid-bem1012>3.0.co;2-n ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 97-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

William F. Pickard ◽

Eduardo G. Moros

Keyword(s):

Biological Tissue ◽

High Frequency ◽

Energy Deposition ◽

High Frequency Range ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Ultra High Frequency ◽

Deposition Processes

Download Full-text

Gravitational waves in neutrino plasma and NANOGrav signal

The European Physical Journal C ◽

10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09190-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 81 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Arun Kumar Pandey

Keyword(s):

Lower Bound ◽

Finite Difference ◽

Magnetic Fields ◽

Gravitational Wave ◽

Gravitational Waves ◽

Length Scale ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Sensitivity Range

AbstractThe recent finding of the gravitational wave (GW) signal by the NANOGrav collaboration in the nHZ frequency range has opened up the door for the existence of stochastic GWs. In the present work, we have argued that in a hot dense neutrino asymmetric plasma, GWs could be generated due to the instability caused by the finite difference in the number densities of the different species of the neutrinos. The generated GWs have amplitude and frequency in the sensitivity range of the NANOGrav observation. We have shown that the GWs generated by this mechanism could be one of the possible explanations for the observed NANOGrav signal. We have also discussed generation of GWs in an inhomogeneous cosmological neutrino plasma, where GWs are generated when neutrinos enter a free streaming regime. We show that the generated GWs in an inhomogeneous neutrino plasma cannot explain the observed NANOGrav signal. We have also calculated the lower bound on magnetic fields’ strength using the NANOGrav signal and found that to explain the signal, the magnetic fields’ strength should have at least value $$\sim 10^{-12}$$ ∼ 10 - 12 G at an Mpc length scale.

Download Full-text