Advances in electrochemical and optical sensing techniques for vitamins detection: a review

The ability to detect nanoscale objects is particular crucial for a wide range of applications, such as environmental protection, early-stage disease diagnosis and drug discovery. Photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (PCNC) sensors have attracted great attention due to high-quality factors and small-mode volumes (Q/V) and good on-chip integrability with optical waveguides/circuits. In this review, we focus on nanoscale optical sensing based on PCNC sensors, including ultrahigh figure of merit (FOM) sensing, single nanoparticle trapping, label-free molecule detection and an integrated sensor array for multiplexed sensing. We believe that the PCNC sensors featuring ultracompact footprint, high monolithic integration capability, fast response and ultrahigh sensitivity sensing ability, etc., will provide a promising platform for further developing lab-on-a-chip devices for biosensing and other functionalities.

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Overcoming detection loss and noise in squeezing-based optical sensing

npj Quantum Information ◽

10.1038/s41534-021-00407-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gaetano Frascella ◽

Sascha Agne ◽

Farid Ya. Khalili ◽

Maria V. Chekhova

Keyword(s):

Shot Noise ◽

Optical Sensing ◽

Detection Efficiency ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Real Life ◽

Squeezed States ◽

Squeezed Light ◽

Noise Limit ◽

Imaging And Spectroscopy ◽

Shot Noise Limit

AbstractAmong the known resources of quantum metrology, one of the most practical and efficient is squeezing. Squeezed states of atoms and light improve the sensing of the phase, magnetic field, polarization, mechanical displacement. They promise to considerably increase signal-to-noise ratio in imaging and spectroscopy, and are already used in real-life gravitational-wave detectors. But despite being more robust than other states, they are still very fragile, which narrows the scope of their application. In particular, squeezed states are useless in measurements where the detection is inefficient or the noise is high. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a remedy against loss and noise: strong noiseless amplification before detection. This way, we achieve loss-tolerant operation of an interferometer fed with squeezed and coherent light. With only 50% detection efficiency and with noise exceeding the level of squeezed light more than 50 times, we overcome the shot-noise limit by 6 dB. Sub-shot-noise phase sensitivity survives up to 87% loss. Application of this technique to other types of optical sensing and imaging promises a full use of quantum resources in these fields.

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Optical sensing membrane for determination of trace cadmium(II), zinc(II) and copper(II) based on immobilization of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol on polymer inclusion membrane

Microchemical Journal ◽

10.1016/j.microc.2020.105767 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 162 ◽

pp. 105767

Author(s):

Xiaorong Meng ◽

Xiaojing Jiang ◽

Yiwen Long ◽

Jin Chen ◽

Lei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Sensing ◽

Inclusion Membrane ◽

Polymer Inclusion Membrane ◽

Trace Cadmium ◽

Sensing Membrane

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WON-OCDMA System Based on MW-ZCC Codes for Applications in Optical Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21020539 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 539

Author(s):

Saleh Seyedzadeh ◽

Andrew Agapiou ◽

Majid Moghaddasi ◽

Milan Dado ◽

Ivan Glesk

Keyword(s):

Optical Networks ◽

Video Surveillance ◽

Multiple Access ◽

Optical Sensing ◽

Multiple Access Interference ◽

Service Differentiation ◽

Sensor Data ◽

Variable Weight ◽

Code Division Multiple ◽

The Impact

The growing demand for extensive and reliable structural health monitoring resulted in the development of advanced optical sensing systems (OSS) that in conjunction with wireless optical networks (WON) are capable of extending the reach of optical sensing to places where fibre provision is not feasible. To support this effort, the paper proposes a new type of a variable weight code called multiweight zero cross-correlation (MW-ZCC) code for its application in wireless optical networks based optical code division multiple access (WON-OCDMA). The code provides improved quality of service (QoS) and better support for simultaneous transmission of video surveillance, comms and sensor data by reducing the impact of multiple access interference (MAI). The MW-ZCC code’s power of two code-weight properties provide enhanced support for the needed service differentiation provisioning. The performance of this novel code has been studied by simulations. This investigation revealed that for a minimum allowable bit error rate of 10−3, 10−9 and 10−12 when supporting triple-play services (sensing, datacomms and video surveillance, respectively), the proposed WON-OCDMA using MW-ZCC codes could support up to 32 simultaneous services over transmission distances up to 32 km in the presence of moderate atmospheric turbulence.

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Development of the Artificial Intelligence and Optical Sensing Methods for Oil Pollution Monitoring of the Sea by Drones

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083642 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3642

Author(s):

Oleg Bukin ◽

Dmitry Proschenko ◽

Denis Korovetskiy ◽

Alexey Chekhlenok ◽

Viktoria Yurchik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Autonomous Navigation ◽

Oil Pollution ◽

Optical Sensing ◽

Movement Control ◽

Oil Products ◽

Sea Surface ◽

Pollution Monitoring ◽

Monitoring Methods ◽

Marine Fuel

The oil pollution of seas is increasing, especially in local areas, such as ports, roadsteads of the vessels, and bunkering zones. Today, methods of monitoring seawater are costly and applicable only in the case of big ecology disasters. The development of an operative and reasonable project for monitoring the sea surface for oil slick detection is described in this article using drones equipped with optical sensing and artificial intelligence. The monitoring system is implemented in the form of separate hard and soft frameworks (HSFWs) that combine monitoring methods, hardware, and software. Three frameworks are combined to fulfill the entire monitoring mission. HSFW1 performs the function of autonomous monitoring of thin oil slicks on the sea surface, using computer vision with AI elements for detection, segmentation, and classification of thin slicks. HSFW2 is based on the use of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to identify types of oil products that form a slick or that are in a dissolved state, as well as measure their concentration in solution. HSFW3 is designed for autonomous navigation and drone movement control. This article describes AI elements and hardware complexes of the three separate frameworks designed to solve the problems with monitoring slicks of oil products on the sea surface and oil products dissolved in seawater. The results of testing the HSFWs for the detection of pollution caused by marine fuel slicks are described.

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X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis of Chitosan–Graphene Oxide-Based Composite Thin Films for Potential Optical Sensing Applications

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13030478 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 478

Author(s):

Wan Mohd Ebtisyam Mustaqim Mohd Daniyal ◽

Yap Wing Fen ◽

Silvan Saleviter ◽

Narong Chanlek ◽

Hideki Nakajima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Thin Films ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Functional Group ◽

Optical Sensing ◽

Composite Thin Films ◽

Cobalt Ions ◽

X Ray ◽

Sensing Applications

In this study, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study chitosan–graphene oxide (chitosan–GO) incorporated with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) and cadmium sulfide quantum dot (CdS QD) composite thin films for the potential optical sensing of cobalt ions (Co2+). From the XPS results, it was confirmed that carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen elements existed on the PAR–chitosan–GO thin film, while for CdS QD–chitosan–GO, the existence of carbon, oxygen, cadmium, nitrogen, and sulfur were confirmed. Further deconvolution of each element using the Gaussian–Lorentzian curve fitting program revealed the sub-peak component of each element and hence the corresponding functional group was identified. Next, investigation using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical sensor proved that both chitosan–GO-based thin films were able to detect Co2+ as low as 0.01 ppm for both composite thin films, while the PAR had the higher binding affinity. The interaction of the Co2+ with the thin films was characterized again using XPS to confirm the functional group involved during the reaction. The XPS results proved that primary amino in the PAR–chitosan–GO thin film contributed more important role for the reaction with Co2+, as in agreement with the SPR results.

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