scholarly journals Fish Lateral Line Inspired Flow Sensors and Flow-aided Control: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-291
Author(s):  
Yufan Zhai ◽  
Xingwen Zheng ◽  
Guangming Xie
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Autonomous Control ◽  
Source Detection ◽  
Underwater Robots ◽  
Flow Sensors ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Dipole Oscillation ◽  
Hydrodynamic Environment

AbstractAny phenomenon in nature is potential to be an inspiration for us to propose new ideas. Lateral line is a typical example which has attracted more interest in recent years. With the aid of lateral line, fish is capable of acquiring fluid information around, which is of great significance for them to survive, communicate and hunt underwater. In this paper, we briefly introduce the morphology and mechanism of the lateral line first. Then we focus on the development of artificial lateral line which typically consists of an array of sensors and can be installed on underwater robots. A series of sensors inspired by the lateral line with different sensing principles have been summarized. And then the applications of artificial lateral line systems in hydrodynamic environment sensing and vortices detection, dipole oscillation source detection, and autonomous control of underwater robots have been reviewed. In addition, the existing problems and future foci in this field have been further discussed in detail. The current works and future foci have demonstrated that artificial lateral line has great potentials of applications and contributes to the development of underwater robots.

Underwater Tracking and Size-Estimation of a Moving Object Using an IPMC Artificial Lateral Line

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad T. Abdulsadda ◽  
Xiaobo Tan
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Dipole Source ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Underwater Robots ◽  
Flow Sensors ◽  
Line System ◽  
Size And Shape

Motivated by the lateral line system of fish and amphibians, arrays of flow sensors have been proposed as a new sensing modality for underwater robots. Most existing studies on such artificial lateral lines have been focused on the localization of a vibrating sphere, also known as a dipole source. In this paper we investigate the problem of tracking a moving but non-vibrating cylindrical object and estimating its size and shape using an artificial lateral line system. Based on a nonlinear analytical model for the moving object-induced flow field, a two-stage extended Kalman filter is proposed to estimate the location, velocity, size, and shape of the object. Simulation results on tracking a cylinder with ellipsoidal cross-section are presented to illustrate the approach. On the experimental side, we demonstrate the use of an artificial lateral line prototype comprising six ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) flow sensors in the tracking and size estimation of a moving circular cylinder.

Humans in Large-scale, Networked Virtual Environments

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Pratt ◽  
Shirley M. Pratt ◽  
Paul T. Barham ◽  
Randall E. Barker ◽  
Marianne S. Waldrop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Group Representations ◽  
Networked Virtual Environments ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Body Tracking ◽  
Level Of Details ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Tracking Technology

This paper examines the representation of humans in large-scale, networked virtual environments. Previous work done in this field is summarized, and existing problems with rendering, articulating, and networking numerous human figures in real time are explained. We have developed a system that integrates together some well-known solutions along with new ideas. Models with multiple level of details, body-tracking technology and animation libraries to specify joint angles, efficient group representations to describe multiple humans, and hierarchical network protocols have been successfully employed to increase the number of humans represented, system performance, and user interactivity. The resulting system immerses participants effectively and has numerous useful applications.

The Application of Nanotechnology for Green Manufacturing

2010 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 498-502
Author(s):  
Qi Hong ◽  
Li Zhi Gu ◽  
Xiao Jun Jie ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Peng Lei
Keyword(s):  
Green Manufacturing ◽  
Green Design ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Green Process ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Green Material ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Green Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Further Development

This paper took the application of nanotechnology for green manufacturing as a point of departure, discussed the important roles of nanotechnology in green design, green material, green process, green package and green treatment as follows: nanotechnology reflected the use of natural resources embodying the harmonious coexistence between human being and nature which happened to coincide with the basic idea of green design; with the further integration of nanotechnology and environmental protection, nanotechnology led the development of green material into a new level; the introduction of nanotechnology gave new ideas to the development of green process; green package based on nanotechnology could meet the special functional requirements of package with outstanding green efficacy; the development of nanotechnology enhanced the existing level of green treatment technology, many existing problems could be resolved. And finally it was pointed out that the green manufacturing technology would make further development under the push of nanotechnology.

scholarly journals The overlapping roles of the inner ear and lateral line: the active space of dipole source detection

2000 ◽  
Vol 355 (1401) ◽  
pp. 1115-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Braun ◽  
Sheryl Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Dipole Source ◽  
Source Detection ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Distance Range ◽  
Spatial Gradients ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Benthic Fishes

The problems associated with the detection of sounds and other mechanical disturbances in the aquatic environment differ greatly from those associated with airborne sounds. The differences are primarily due to the incompressibility of water and the corresponding increase in importance of the acoustic near field. The near field, or hydrodynamic field, is characterized by steep spatial gradients in pressure, and detection of the accelerations associated with these gradients is performed by both the inner ear and the lateral line systems of fishes. Acceleration–sensitive otolithic organs are present in all fishes and provide these animals with a form of inertial audition. The detection of pressure gradients, by both the lateral line and inner ear, is the taxonomically most widespread mechanism of sound–source detection amongst vertebrates, and is thus the most likely primitive mode of detecting sound sources. Surprisingly, little is known about the capabilities of either the lateral line or the otolithic endorgan in the detection of vibratory dipole sources. Theoretical considerations for the overlapping roles of the inner ear and lateral line systems in midwater predict that the lateral line will operate over a shorter distance range than the inner ear, although with a much greater spatial resolution. Our empirical results of dipole detection by mottled sculpin, a benthic fish, do not agree with theoretical predictions based on midwater fishes, in that the distance ranges of the two systems appear to be approximately equal. This is almost certainly as a result of physical coupling between the fishes and the substrate. Thus, rather than having a greater active range, the inner ear appears to have a reduced distance range in benthic fishes, and the lateral line distance range may be concomitantly extended.

BENEFITS AND BARRIERS OF CROWDSOURCING IN B2B FIRMS: GENERATING IDEAS WITH INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CROWDS

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (06) ◽  
pp. 1240011 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENRI SIMULA ◽  
MERVI VUORI
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Wisdom Of Crowds ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Business To Business ◽  
Theoretical Conceptualization ◽  
The Wisdom Of Crowds

In recent years crowdsourcing has increased in popularity as a method for gathering ideas for new innovations and providing solutions to existing problems. This means that firms apply the wisdom of crowds to certain tasks and challenges. Various crowdsourcing initiatives and platforms seem to provide new channels and ways to enable this in practice. The purpose of this paper is to examine how business-to-business (B2B) firms can interact with different groups of contributors in order to receive new ideas, feedback and solutions for improving their products and services. Based on theoretical conceptualization, combined with empirical evidence, we propose a layered framework for approaching crowdsourcing in a B2B context. The empirical results of this paper reveal benefits but also practical challenges to overcome before crowdsourcing can be effectively utilized in the B2B sector.

Integrated and Transactional Platforms

2018 ◽  
pp. 146-166
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Alternative Financial Services ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Platform Comparison ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
To Receive

In recent years, crowdsourcing has increased in popularity as a method for gathering ideas for new innovations and providing solutions to existing problems. In this chapter, crowdsourcing intermediaries and business models are analyzed. How intermediaries' providers are managing interactions between different groups of platform actors (contributors) in order to receive new ideas, feedback, and solutions for improving consumers products and services is studied. Crowdfunding platforms are discussed based on crowdsourcing open innovation vision. Hence, research focuses on crowdfunding innovations for alternative financial services. The chapter aims to collect and analyze quality data regarding the current status and prospective evolution of crowdfunding. The study offers classification and examination of the current status of crowdfunding and proposes a definition of the crowdfunding multi-sided platform, develops research framework for crowdfunding platform comparison and business model analysis. The results of this chapter reveal benefits but also practical challenges to overcome before innovation crowdsourcing and crowdfunding intermediaries can be effectively utilized.

A Summary of Racent Progresses for Segmentation Evaluation

2006 ◽  
pp. 423-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Video Segmentation ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Segmentation Evaluation ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
And Performance

This chapter provides a summary of the recent (especially since 2000) progress for the evaluation of image and video segmentation. It is seen that much more effort has been expended on this subject recently than several years ago. A number of works are based on previously proposed principles, and several works have made modifications to and improvements on previous techniques, still other works have presented a few new ideas. The generality and complexity of the evaluation methods and performance criteria used in these works have been thoroughly compared. As the research in this field is still on the rise, some existing problems and several future directions are also highlighted.

scholarly journals A Review of Artificial Lateral Line in Sensor Fabrication and Bionic Applications for Robot Fish

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guijie Liu ◽  
Anyi Wang ◽  
Xinbao Wang ◽  
Peng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Sensor Fabrication ◽  
Robot Fish ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Control

Lateral line is a system of sense organs that can aid fishes to maneuver in a dark environment. Artificial lateral line (ALL) imitates the structure of lateral line in fishes and provides invaluable means for underwater-sensing technology and robot fish control. This paper reviews ALL, including sensor fabrication and applications to robot fish. The biophysics of lateral line are first introduced to enhance the understanding of lateral line structure and function. The design and fabrication of an ALL sensor on the basis of various sensing principles are then presented. ALL systems are collections of sensors that include carrier and control circuit. Their structure and hydrodynamic detection are reviewed. Finally, further research trends and existing problems of ALL are discussed.

scholarly journals Determination of object position, vortex shedding frequency and flow velocity using artificial lateral line canals

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Klein ◽  
Horst Bleckmann
Keyword(s):  
Optical Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Flow Sensors ◽  
Line System ◽  
Sensor Platform ◽  
Stationary Objects ◽  
Vortex Shedding Frequency ◽  
Undulatory Swimming

The lateral line system of fish consists of superficial neuromasts, and neuromasts embedded in lateral line canals. Lateral line neuromasts allow fish to sense both minute water motions and pressure gradients, thereby enabling them to detect predators and prey or to recognize and discriminate stationary objects while passing them. With the aid of the lateral line, fish can also sense vortices caused by an upstream object or by undulatory swimming movements of fish. We show here that artificial lateral line canals equipped with optical flow sensors can be used to detect the water motions generated by a stationary vibrating sphere, the vortices caused by an upstream cylinder or the water (air) movements caused by a passing object. The hydrodynamic information retrieved from optical flow sensors can be used to calculate bulk flow velocity and thus the size of the cylinder that shed the vortices. Even a bilateral sensor platform equipped with only one artificial lateral line canal on each side is sufficient to determine the position of an upstream cylinder.

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