A remote sensing-based evaluation of channel morphological characteristics of part of lower river Niger, Nigeria

AbstractRiver bank erosion, accretion and lateral channel migration are important geomorphological processes, which attract a great deal of attention of river engineering scientists in many parts of the world. The present study assesses the morphological characteristics of parts of the lower section of River Niger, where field data are scarce and difficult to access for security and cost implications. Multi-date (1990, 2002 and 2017) Landsat imageries were used for the study, the imageries were corrected for geometric and radiometric errors, classified and analysed for changes in major land cover classes within the river channel, to assess river planform, riverbank pattern, channel width, bankline migration and centreline using ArcGIS software. The results revealed a decrease in water body and riparian vegetation by 27.64% and 9.77%, respectively, between 1990 and 2017. Sediment yield, however, increased by 75.61%. In addition, the river channel exhibited significant spatial changes within the study period; centreline at left flange shifted eastwards by about 1347.3 m at the upper section but westward at the lower section by 123.1 m. The bankline shifted prominently eastwards at right flange and westwards at the right flange. The study concluded that the studied channel had actually undergone some critical morphological changes greatly affected by erosion and accretion processes that are easily captured with remote sensed imageries.

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Assessment of Bank Erosion, Accretion and Channel Shifting Using Remote Sensing and GIS: Case Study – Lower Course of the Bosna River

Quaestiones Geographicae ◽

10.1515/quageo-2016-0008 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 81-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Novica Lovric ◽

Radislav Tosic

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Bank Erosion ◽

Remote Sensing And Gis ◽

Left Bank ◽

Channel Migration ◽

River Bank ◽

Migration Rates ◽

Lateral Channel ◽

Channel Shifting ◽

The Right

Abstract River bank erosion, accretion and lateral channel migration are the most important geomorphological processes, which attract a great deal of attention from river engineering scientist over the last century. in the presented study, we assessed how the river’s shape and position have changed during 1958-2013 period using remote sensing and GIS. We have identified that the total area of bank erosion during given period equalled 8.3430 km2, of which 3.2593 km2 were on the left bank and 5.0837 km2 on the right bank. The total area of bank accretion from 1958 to 2013 equalled 10.7074 km2, of which 5.4115 km2 was on the left bank and 5.2958 km2 on the right bank. The Bosna riverbed average movement in the period 1958-2013 was established in the amount of 132.4 m. During this period, the average lateral channel migration was 2.5 m per year. The data presented here are significant for practical issues such as predicting channel migration rates for engineering and planning purposes, soil and water management.

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Characteristics of the course of nephritis associated with Iga-vasculitis Henoch-Schoenlein in children

Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) ◽

10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-3-64-71 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 64-71

Author(s):

A. V. Sukalo ◽

I. A. Kazyra

Keyword(s):

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Pediatric Nephrology ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Lymphocyte Activation ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

Kidney Damage ◽

Iga Vasculitis ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Treatment Regimens

INTRODUCTION. Among systemic vasopathies in children, IgA vasculitis Henoch Schoenlein (HS) is the most common, according to various authors, kidney damage is noted in 25-80 % and usually determines the prognosis of the disease.THE AIM of the study was to analyze clinical, laboratory, immunological, morphological characteristics, features of the course and treatment of nephritis associated with IgA vasculitis HS in children, as well as factors affecting the prognosis.PATIENTS AND METHODS. The study included 31 patients with morphologically verified nephritis due to IgA vasculitis HS (18 – boys, 13 – girls) aged 3 to 17 years, who were monitored at the Nephrology Department of the "2nd Children's City Clinical Hospital" of the National Center for Pediatric Nephrology and Renal Replacement therapy in Minsk from 2010 to 2019 yrs.The following parameters were analyzed: the clinical variant of kidney damage, laboratory tests (including the study of BAFF, RANTES lymphocyte activation molecules, pro-inflammatory IL1β, caspase1, TNFα, growth factors VEGF, TGF), 24 hours monitoring and office blood pressure measurements, ECHO cardiography with indicescalculation, ultrasound of the carotid arteries with the thickness of intima-media complex, morphological changes in the renal tissue, as well as treatment regimens.RESULTS. The contribution of deGal-IgA1, markers of T and B lymphocytes activation, pro-inflammatory and profibrotic molecules in the development of the disease is shown. Arterial hypertension was registered in 42 % of children, signs of heart remodeling according to the calculated indices in 19,3 %. Decrease level of adiponectin, vitamin D, leptin, increase concentration of obestatin, Pro-BNP, hs-CRP, and TSAT indicator classify patients with nephritis due to IgA vasculitis HS at moderate risk for the developmentof cardio-vascular disorders, which suggests the need for timely correction.CONCLUSION. In most cases, nephritis with IgA vasculitis HS has a benign course with rare relapses and progression to the end stage of chronic kidney disease (6,5 %).

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Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease with Mitral Valve Prolapse and Mitral Annular Disjunction: Clinical and Functional Significance of the Coincidence

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease ◽

10.3390/jcdd8020009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Nina C. Wunderlich ◽

Siew Yen Ho ◽

Nir Flint ◽

Robert J. Siegel

Keyword(s):

Mitral Valve ◽

Mitral Valve Disease ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Mitral Annulus ◽

Ventricular Myocardium ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Valve Disease ◽

Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽

Basal Portion

The morphological changes that occur in myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) involve various components, ultimately leading to the impairment of mitral valve (MV) function. In this context, intrinsic mitral annular abnormalities are increasingly recognized, such as a mitral annular disjunction (MAD), a specific anatomical abnormality whereby there is a distinct separation between the mitral annulus and the left atrial wall and the basal portion of the posterolateral left ventricular myocardium. In recent years, several studies have suggested that MAD contributes to myxomatous degeneration of the mitral leaflets, and there is growing evidence that MAD is associated with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In this review, the morphological characteristics of MAD and imaging tools for diagnosis will be described, and the clinical and functional aspects of the coincidence of MAD and myxomatous MVP will be discussed.

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Unilateral Aplasia versus Bilateral Aplasia of the Vertebral Artery: A Review of Associated Abnormalities

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/7238672 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Vasović ◽

M. Trandafilović ◽

S. Vlajković ◽

G. Djordjević ◽

M. Daković-Bjelaković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertebral Artery ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Retrospective Studies ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Male Gender ◽

Recent Case ◽

Vascular Pathology ◽

The Right ◽

Associated Abnormalities

Morphological characteristics of 108 cases of uni- and bilateral aplasia of the vertebral artery (VA) in reports or images of retrospective studies, including one recent case, published between 1967 and 2016 are analyzed. Incidence, gender, persistence of carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis (CVBA), associated with other vascular variants, and vascular pathology in each group of uni- and bilateral VA aplasia are mutually compared. Most of the cases of VA aplasia in ages 31 to 80 were discovered in USA, Japan, and India. The bilateral VA aplasia is more common in the male gender than in the female one. The side of the VA aplasia had a significant effect on the side of CVBA persistence. Associated aplasia of other arteries was more common in cases of unilateral VA aplasia. The left VA was more commonly hypoplastic in cases of single right VA aplasia than the right VA in cases of single left VA aplasia. Aneurysms of definitive arteries were more frequent in cases of single right VA aplasia than in cases of single left VA aplasia. We claim that the aplasia of the VA probably depends on genetic factors in some races, while diseases are expressed usually in persons over 30 years of age.

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Right Ventricular Global and Regional Remodeling in American-Style Football Athletes: A Longitudinal 3D Echocardiographic Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083357 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3357

Author(s):

Amir Hodzic ◽

Gabriel Bernardino ◽

Damien Legallois ◽

Patrick Gendron ◽

Hélène Langet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Right Ventricular ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Computational Method ◽

Physiological Adaptation ◽

Volumetric Assessment ◽

American Style ◽

Few Data ◽

The Right ◽

Field Position

Few data exist concerning the right ventricular (RV) physiological adaptation in American-style football (ASF) athletes. We aimed to analyze the RV global and regional responses among ASF-trained athletes. Fifty-nine (20 linemen and 39 non-linemen) ASF athletes were studied before and after inter-seasonal training. During this period, which lasted 7 months, all athletes were exposed to combined dynamic and static exercises. Cardiac longitudinal changes were examined using three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. A computational method based on geodesic distances was applied to volumetrically parcellate the RV into apical, outlet, and inlet regions. RV global and regional end-diastolic volumes increased significantly and similarly in linemen and non-linemen after training, with predominant changes in the apex and outlet regions. RV global and regional ejection fractions were preserved. Morphological changes were uniformly distributed among the four cardiac chambers, and it was independent of the field position. Assessment of RV end-diastolic global, inlet and apical volumes showed low intra-observer (3.3%, 4.1%, and 5.3%, respectively) and inter-observer (7%, 12.2%, and 9%, respectively) variability, whereas the outlet regional volumetric assessment was less reproducible. To conclude, ASF inter-seasonal training was associated with a proportionate biventricular enlargement, regardless of the field position. Regional RV analysis allowed us to quantify the amount of exercise-induced remodeling that was larger in the apical and outlet regions.

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Morning glory disc anomaly-associated maculopathy: multimodal imaging

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2020-237462 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. e237462

Author(s):

Inae Hwang ◽

Marta Ugarte

Keyword(s):

Multimodal Imaging ◽

Fluid Pressure ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Posterior Pole ◽

Morning Glory ◽

Fluid Accumulation ◽

Tomography Imaging ◽

Morning Glory Disc Anomaly ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging ◽

The Right

Morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) is most commonly found in white females in childhood with reduced vision. One in two cases have been reported to develop maculopathy or posterior pole retinal detachment as they grow older. The pathophysiology of MGDA-associated maculopathy is not well understood.We describe a 31-year-old black woman, who presented with gradual reduction of vision in the right eye due to MGDA-associated maculopathy. We identified morphological characteristics of the optic disc and macula with multicolour and optical coherence tomography imaging.We speculate that the centripetal inner retina traction and cerebrospinal fluid pressure fluctuation play an important role in inner retinal fluid accumulation in the pathology of retinoschisis in MGDA. Further studies will shed some light of a potential cause-and-effect relationship between MGDA and retinoschisis.

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REACTION OF CD68-POSITIVE RAT LIVER AND SPLEEN CELLS ON SILICON INTAKE WITH DRINKING WATER

Acta medica Eurasica ◽

10.47026/2413-4864-2021-2-34-43 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 34-43

Author(s):

Evgeniia A. Grigoreva ◽

Valentina S. Gordova ◽

Valentina E. Sergeeva ◽

Alina T. Smorodchenko

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽

Unit Area ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Control Group ◽

Silicon Compound ◽

Average Cell ◽

Laboratory Rats ◽

Experimental Group

The article presents data on the long-term effect (nine months) of a silicon compound supplied with drinking water – nonahydrate sodium metasilicate (10 mg/l in terms of silicon), on CD68-positive macrophages in the liver and spleen of laboratory rats. Changes in the morphological characteristics of this cell population were found. There was a decrease in the average cell area (in the liver of the control group of rats, the average macrophage area was 179.23±5.94 microns2, and in the group receiving silicon with drinking water – 117.04±3.35 microns2; in the spleen-136.02±3.93 microns2 and 103.44±2.8 microns2, respectively). Macrophages in the liver preparations of the experimental group of rats had a fewer processes and a darker cytoplasmic membrane. The number of macrophages in the liver per unit area was comparable, for the control group of rats it was 18.78±1.24, and for the rats that received with water with the addition of silicon – 19.41±0.75 cells. CD68+ macrophages of the red splenic pulp in laboratory rats that received silicon also underwent the following morphological changes: they were located in a denser way and had fewer processes, while the number of macrophages per unit area was 73.7±2.3 for the control group, 91.6±5.0-for the experimental group, respectively. The distance between them did not change. There was a change in the intensity of CD68 expression on the surface of the cytoplasmic membrane and in the cytoplasm of liver and spleen macrophages. These changes can be interpreted as the adaptive ability of liver and spleen macrophages to silicon introduced with drinking water. Given the heterogeneity of the macrophage population in the liver and spleen, further studies using markers for different subpopulations of macrophages are needed to clarify their role in the response of tissues to silicon supplied with drinking water.

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Mapping and Monitoring Erosion-Accretion in an Alluvial River Using Satellite Imagery – The River Bank Changes of the Padma River in Bangladesh

Quaestiones Geographicae ◽

10.2478/quageo-2018-0027 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 87-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mohammad Maruf Billah

Keyword(s):

Satellite Imagery ◽

Bank Erosion ◽

River Bank ◽

River Bank Erosion ◽

Island Area ◽

River Bed ◽

Drastic Increase ◽

Padma River ◽

Landsat Satellite ◽

The Right

Abstract The Padma river is widely known for its dynamic and disastrous behaviour, and the river has been experiencing intense and frequent bank erosion and deposition leading to the changes and shifting of bank line. In this paper, a time series of Landsat satellite imagery MSS, TM and OLI and TIRS images and are used to detect river bank erosion-accretion and bank line shifting during the study period 1975–2015. This study exhibits a drastic increase of erosion and accretion of land along the Padma river. The results show that from 1975 to 2015, the total amount of river bank erosion is 49,951 ha of land, at a rate of 1,249 ha a−1 and the total amount of accretion is 83,333 ha of land, at a rate of 2,083 ha a−1. Throughout the monitoring period, erosion-accretion was more pronounced in the right part of the river and bank line had been shifting towards the southern direction. The paper also reveals that the total area of islands had been increased significantly, in 2015 there was about 50,967 ha of island area increased from 20,533 ha of island area in 1975, and the results evidence consistency of sedimentation in the river bed.

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Degradation of soil and hydrological conditions in the Pestan River Basin

Glasnik srpskog geografskog drustva ◽

10.2298/gsgd1304103z ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 103-119

Author(s):

Мilica Zivanovic ◽

Ivan Novkovic

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Surface Water Quality ◽

Land Loss ◽

Coal Basin ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Hydrological Conditions ◽

Land Use Types ◽

The Right ◽

Basin Area

In the Pestan River Basin, the right tributary of the Kolubara River, a complex degradation of natural conditions has been expressed over the decades. The exploitation of lignite in the Kolubara Coal Basin, which is in large part located in the territory of this basin, as well as accompanying activities related to it, are the dominant activities that lead to the degradation of soil and hydrological conditions. If other land use types are added to this, it can be concluded that the land cover in the studied territory suffered significant negative changes. The above mentioned activities have led to land loss and deterioration of its quality, and the regulation works due to dislocation of the Kolubara watercourse into the Pestan riverbed have caused numerous degradation of landscapes, reduced the basin area and shortened its watercourse, led to morphological changes of the river network and deterioration of the surface water quality. The aim of this paper is to perform a geospatial analysis of all areas in which the degradation of soil and hydrological conditions is present, in order to prevent their further degradation and proper management of these areas.

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The expectant brain: Being pregnant causes changes in brain morphology in the early postpartum period

10.1101/2021.06.29.450283 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Natalia Chechko ◽

Juergen Dukart ◽

Svetlana Tchaikovski ◽

Christian Enzensberger ◽

Irene Neuner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Research ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽

Brain Morphology ◽

Cortical Thinning ◽

Nulliparous Women ◽

Maternal Brain ◽

Multiparous Women ◽

The Right

There is growing evidence that pregnancy may have a significant impact on the maternal brain, causing changes in its structure. However, the patterns of these changes have not yet been systematically investigated. Using voxel-based (VBM) and surface-based morphometry (SBM), we compared a group of healthy primiparous women (n = 40) with healthy multiparous mothers (n = 37) as well as nulliparous women (n = 40). Compared to the nulliparous women, the young mothers showed decreases in gray matter volume in the bilateral hippocampus/amygdala, the orbitofrontal cortex/subgenual prefrontal area, the right superior temporal gyrus, the right insula, and the cerebellum. However, these pregnancy-related changes in brain structure did not predict the quality of mother-infant attachment at either 3 or 12 weeks postpartum, nor were they more pronounced among the multiparous women. SBM analyses showed significant cortical thinning especially in the frontal and parietal cortices, with the parietal cortical thinning likely potentiated by multiple pregnancies. We conclude, therefore, that the widespread morphological changes seen in the brain shortly after childbirth reflect substantial neuroplasticity. Also, the experience of pregnancy alone may not be the underlying cause of the adaptations for mothering and caregiving. As regards the exact biological function of the changes in brain morphology as well as the long-term effect of pregnancy on the maternal brain, further longitudinal research with larger cohorts will be needed to draw any definitive conclusions.

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