scholarly journals Online exams and the COVID-19 pandemic: a hybrid modified FMEA, QFD, and k-means approach to enhance fairness

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Haghshenas Gorgani ◽  
Sharif Shabani
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Engineering Product ◽  
Precautionary Approach ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Preventive Method ◽  
Potential Failure ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Classic Form ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Take All

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic caused an increasing demand for online academic classes, which led to the demand for effective online exams with regards to limitations on time and resources. Consequently, holding online exams with sufficient reliability and effectiveness became one of the most critical and challenging subjects in higher education. Therefore, it is essential to have a preventive algorithm to allocate time and financial resources effectively. In the present study, a fair test with sufficient validity is first defined, and then by analogy with an engineering product, the design process is implemented on it. For this purpose, a hybrid method based on FMEA, which is a preventive method to identify potential failure modes and prioritize their risk, is employed. The method's output is provided to the QFD algorithm as the needs of product customers. Then, the proposed solutions to prevent failures are weighted and prioritized as the product's technical features. Some modifications are made to the classic form of FMEA in the proposed method to eliminate its deficiencies and contradictions. Therefore, our proposed algorithm is a precautionary approach that works to prevent breakdowns instead of fixing them following their occurrence. This issue is very effective in increasing the efficiency of activities in times of crisis. Eventually, a prioritized list of preventive actions is provided, allowing us to choose from available solutions in the circumstances with limited time and budgetary, where we cannot take all possible actions.

scholarly journals Surface Contamination by Antineoplastics in Hospitals: An Observational Study for Mapping of Potential Contamination Associated with Handling Excreta of Babies through Diaper Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Marie Palamini ◽  
Geneviève Mercier ◽  
Jean-François Bussières
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Potential Failure ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Hazardous Drugs

AbstractBackgroundIn the hospital setting, trace contamination with hazardous medications comes primarily from the manipulation of containers used in preparing and administering drugs. However, some traces of medications also come from the excreta of patients.MethodsThis descriptive exploratory study involved direct observation and discussion. The aim was to map potential contamination associated with handling babies’ excreta through diaper management. The study was conducted at CHU Sainte Justine (Montréal, Québec, Canada), a 500-bed mother and child facility with 38 beds for hematology-oncology and bone marrow transplant. A list of key steps related to the management of diapers by a parent or caregiver on a pediatric unit was established by the investigators. A data collection grid was then developed and reviewed by a member of the research team.ResultsA total of six diaper changes, by six distinct individuals, were observed in August and September 2019. Transport of a soiled diaper for weighing outside the baby’s room by an additional caregiver was also observed and recorded. In total, 25 individual steps in diaper management and 28 potential failure modes were identified through mapping.ConclusionsChanging a baby’s diaper involves many individual steps, which are subject to numerous failure modes that can contribute to contamination with traces of hazardous drugs. A good understanding of these process steps and failure modes is desirable to better train caregivers and parents to reduce trace contamination with hazardous drugs.

A Systematized FMEA Practice for Magnet Relays

2010 ◽  
Vol 146-147 ◽  
pp. 757-769
Author(s):  
Ching Ming Cheng ◽  
Wen Fang Wu ◽  
Yao Hsu
Keyword(s):  
New Product Development ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
New Product ◽  
Risk Priority Number ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Regulation Function ◽  
Potential Failure ◽  
Weighting Rule ◽  
Rating Criterion

The Design Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (DFMEA) are generally applied to risk management of New Product Development (NPD) through standardization of potential failure modes and effect-ranking of rating criterion with failure modes. Typical 1 to 10 of effect-ranking are widely weighed the priority of classification, that framing effects and status quo senses might cause decision trap happening thus. The FMEA follows considerable indexes which are including Severity, Occurrence and Detection, and need be associated with difference between every two failures individually. However, we suspect that a more systematic construction of the analysis by which failure modes belong is necessary in order to make intellectual progress in this area. Two ways of such differentiation and construction are improvable effect-ranking and systematized indexes; here we resolve for attributes of failures with classification, maturity and experiance of indexes according to an existing rule. In Severity model, the larger differentiation is achieved by separating indexes to the classification of the Law & Regulation, Function and Cosmetic. Occurrence model has its characteristic a reliable ranking indexwhich assists decisionmakers to manage their venture. This is the model most closely associate with product maturity by grouping indexes to the new, extend and series product. Detection model offers a special perspective on cost; here the connections concerned with phase occasion of the review, verification and validation. Such differentiations will be proposed and mapped with the Life Cycle Profile (LCP) to systematize FMEA. Meanwhile, a more reasonable Risk Priority Number (RPN) with the new weighting rule will be worked out for effect-ranking and management system will be integrated systematiclly

Upgrading seismic performance of underground frame structures based on potential failure modes

2022 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 107116
Author(s):  
Chunyu Wu ◽  
Dechun Lu ◽  
M. Hesham El Naggar ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Frame Structures ◽  
Potential Failure

scholarly journals Eco-Innovation by Anticipatory Failure Determination (AFD) Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3271-3280
Author(s):  
Jahau Lewis Chen ◽  
Chuan Hung
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Engineering System ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Model Substance ◽  
Complex Engineering ◽  
Potential Failure

AbstractThis paper presents an eco-innovation method by revised the “Anticipatory Failure Determination (AFD)” method which is the failure analysis tools in TRIZ theory. Using the functional analysis to list the system process and make the functional analysis model. Based on the environmental efficiency factors and functional analysis model, Substance-Field inverse analysis can find a lot of failure modes in the system. In order to assess the priority of risk improvement, the designer can calculate the environmental risk priority number including controlling documents, public image and environmental consequences. Designer can quickly find out the potential failure mode in the complex engineering system with the systematic steps. The TRIZ methods are used for finding eco-innovation idea to solve failure problem. The capability of the whole eco-innovative design process was illustrated by the electrical motorcycle case.

Pre-Programmed Failure Behavior Using Biology-Inspired Structures

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Bay ◽  
Mike Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Working Stress ◽  
Component Strength ◽  
Box Beams ◽  
Increasing Demand

Core (filler) materials are key components of the sandwich panel and box-beams that are used in the design of lightweight structures. They perform a variety of elastic-range functions such as transferring and supporting working stresses and energy and collapse management. There is an increasing demand, however, for post-yield performance characteristics such as buckling control, impact toughness, and maintenance of component strength after damage. Low density is also an important consideration, as overall component mass is critical in most applications. These cellular solids need to perform well under normal working stress conditions, yet still resist damage from simple and unavoidable low velocity impacts. A new design approach is suggested by biological systems that have evolved for toughness and damage tolerance (bones, trees, plants, corals, etc.). These systems share the relatively low density cellular arrangements of common synthetic core materials, but also exhibit variable density gradients within the core. (Figures 1 and 2) This paper describes engineering design methods that are inspired by such biology. The result is that a design’s failure modes can be more effectively “designed-in”, controlling locations and amounts of failure.

Reliability Evaluation for Steam Generator in a Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Yi ◽  
Zhang Tian-yi ◽  
Wang Jun ◽  
Yuan Yu-chen ◽  
Dong Xin
Keyword(s):  
Steam Generator ◽  
Fast Reactor ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Latin Hypercube Sampling ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Calculation ◽  
Sensitive Factor ◽  
Potential Failure ◽  
Failure Mode Effect Analysis

SG (steam generator) is one of the most important equipment in fast reactors, the experience in design and operation of fast reactor worldwide show that failures of SG occurred frequently and often caused serious consequences, therefore it’s necessary to conduct reliability analysis on SG in design phase. FMEA (Failure Mode Effect Analysis) is used to identify all potential failure modes and filter out main failure modes. Then, qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation are carried out to evaluate main failure modes. Next, reliability of SG can be obtained by conducting Latin Hypercube Sampling. Analysis results show that the leakage probability of SG in 20 years is 0.130 219, and the most sensitive factor is the quality of weld in the junction of tubes and tube plate, and the SG meet its reliability requirement.

Function-Based Design of a Spacecraft Power System Diagnostics Testbed

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan S. Hutcheson ◽  
Irem Y. Tumer
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Fault Injection ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Internal Fault ◽  
Conceptual Design Phase ◽  
Potential Failure ◽  
External Faults

NASA’s Ames Research center is currently designing a testbed to validate and compare potential Integrated System Health Management (ISHM) technologies. The proposed testbed represents a typical power system for a spacecraft and includes components such as a fuel cell, solar cells and redundant batteries. To fulfill design requirements, the testbed must be capable of hosting a wide variety of ISHM technologies including those developed by NASA as well as those developed in the aerospace industry abroad. An internal fault injection subsystem must be built into the system to provide a common interface for evaluating these different ISHM technologies. Additionally, to ensure robust operation of the testbed, the capability to detect and manage external faults must also be present. In order to develop a set of requirements for the internal fault injection subsystems as well as predict external faults, a comprehensive set of potential failures must be identified for all of the components of the testbed. To best aid the development of the testbed, these failures needed to be identified as early as the conceptual design phase, where little is known about the actual components that would comprise the finished system. This paper demonstrates the use a function-based failure mode identification method to identify the potential failures of the testbed during the conceptual design phase. Using this approach, designers can explore the potential failure modes at the functional design stage, before a form or solution has been determined. A function-failure database is used to associate the failures of components from previous design efforts to the testbed based on common functionality. The result is a list of potential failure modes and associated failure rates, which are used to improve the design of the testbed as well as provide a framework for the fault injection subsystem.

Improving reliability in critical healthcare sector using FAMECA methodology

BMJ Leader ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Polinpapilinho Freeman Katina ◽  
Nina C Magpili-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Mode Effects ◽  
Potential Failure ◽  
Criticality Analysis

BackgroundHealthcare systems are critical to the well-being of the society. In such a setting, the ability of the system to perform its intended mission/function during the designed period of time (ie, reliability) is essential. However, there remains a scarcity of literature, suggesting how the concept of reliability can be addressed in the context of critical healthcare infrastructure systems.MethodsWe recognise the importance of healthcare in the context of critical infrastructures. These systems produce goods and services essential for maintaining and sustaining public well-being. We suggest the use of failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FAMECA) approach to increase reliability in critical healthcare systems. Phases of FAMECA are described.ResultsAfter reviewing the application of FAMECA and describing its basics, authors describe critical healthcare sector in terms of components, organisations, management and non-healthcare interdependent systems. The resulting application indicates applicability of the approach and articulates failure modes, effects and development of possible solutions to such modes and effects to increase reliability. The presented application, however, is very general and specific case applications are needed.ConclusionsA decision to suggest the FAMECA as a methodological approach in critical healthcare systems is pivotal to improving systems reliability and enhances the ability of the system to meet its intended missions during the designed period of time. The utility of FAMECA is found in its ability to identify potential failure modes, their effects and suggesting remedial efforts, including tools and technologies to address failure modes and their effects.

scholarly journals Controlled substance diversion in health systems: A failure modes and effects analysis for prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (15) ◽  
pp. 1158-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Nolan ◽  
Andrew R Zullo ◽  
Elliott Bosco ◽  
Christine Marchese ◽  
Christine Berard-Collins
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Academic Health ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Potential Failure ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Controlled Substance ◽  
Systematic Identification ◽  
Vulnerability Score

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the utility of failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) for systematically identifying potential sources of controlled substance diversion and developing solutions in an academic health system. Methods The FMEA was conducted by an 18-member cross-functional team from the department of pharmacy. The team developed scoring criteria specifically for controlled substance diversion, outlined the controlled substance processes from procurement to administration or disposal, and identified ways in which each step of the medication supply process might fail (failure modes) and result in diversion of controlled substances. Failure modes with a vulnerability score of 48 or 64 were considered highest risk and were immediately intervened on by the FMEA team. Results The FMEA outlined a total of 10 major steps and 30 substeps in the controlled substance supply process. From this, 103 potential failure modes were identified, with 24 modes (23%) receiving a vulnerability score of 48 or 64. Development of specific reports addressed 15 failure modes, while 9 involved pharmacy workflow alterations. Notable reports included controlled substance activity under temporary patients and discrepancy trends by user, medication, and patient care area. Notable workflow alterations included expanded use of cameras in high-risk areas and additional verification checks. Conclusion FMEA allowed for systematic identification of controlled substance diversion opportunities, prioritization by level of vulnerability, and the development of targeted strategies to reduce risk of diversion.

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